• Title/Summary/Keyword: $M_gB_2$

Search Result 3,508, Processing Time 0.04 seconds

A New Malting Barley Variety, "Daho" with High Yielding and BaYMV Resistance (맥주보리 호위축병저항성 및 다수성 "다호")

  • Hyun, Jong-Nae;Kim, Mi-Jung;Kim, Yang-Kil;Lee, Mi-Ja;Choi, Jae-Sung;Kim, Hyun-Tae;Han, Sang-Ik;Ko, Jong-Min;Lim, Sea-Gyu;Park, Jong-Chul;Kim, Jung-Gon;Suh, Sae-Jung;Kim, Dae-Ho;Kang, Sung-Ju;Kim, Sung-Taeg
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
    • /
    • v.41 no.3
    • /
    • pp.333-337
    • /
    • 2009
  • A new malting barley variety, "Daho", was developed from the cross between "Milyang85 and Suwon335" at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop (DRWCC) NICS, in 2007. An elite line, YMB2064-B-8-2-4-1-1, was selected in 2004 and designated as "Milyang134". It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2005 to 2007 and was released with the name of "Daho", having high yielding and BaYMV resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of "Daho" were April 19 and May 27, which were 2 days later and 1 day earlier than those of "Jinyang", leading variety, at the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. "Daho" had longer culm length (84 cm), more spikes per $m^2$ (915) and higher 1,000 grain weight (39.2 g) than those of "Jinyang" in paddy field condition. "Daho" was showed resistance to BaYMV at the regions of Naju, Jinju, and Milyang but moderately resistance at Iksan. However, the response of "Daho" to other environmental stresses was similar to "Jinyang". The yields of "Daho" at upland and paddy fields were about 5.20 MT/ha, 4.81 MT/ha, respectively, which is about 38%, 25% higher than those of "Jinyang" in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. It has higher grain assortment, germination capacity, water sensitivity and Kolback index but lower malt extract, diastatic power and filtration speed than those of "Jinyang".

Studies on the Method of Ground Vegetation Establishment of Denuded Forest Land in the Mudstone Region - The Characteristics of Mudstone and Speeded-up Reforestation - (니암지대황폐림지(泥岩地帶荒廢林地)의 지피식생(地被植生) 조성방법(造成方法)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - 니암특성((泥岩特性)과 조기녹화(早期綠化) -)

  • Chung, In Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.19 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-23
    • /
    • 1973
  • The results of ground vegetation experiment conducted at completely denuded forestland in the mudstone region are summerized as follows: On the reaults of soiling quantity the effect of soiling was observed where depth of soiling over 10 cm was practiced, and a plot where treated with 15cm soiling and without fertilizer showed poor growth and it was even worser than the plot where soiling was practiced only 1 cm in thikness but applied adequate amount of fertilizers. The depth of slits between 30cm and 40cm showed no significant difference in the effect. A plot where covered with vegetation bag showed somewhat better results in seed loss and early growth but no differences observed in the fall result over the none covered plot. And then, it is recommendable to have soiling over 10cm in thikness with slit of 30cm and 30cm in depth and to apply 30 gram of fertilizer (22;22:11, 50 gram) per slit. On various soiling materials trial there were no striking differences in the effect of soiling between weathered granite soil, wheathered tuffs soil and weathered mudstone soil. In the treatment with various green materials, a plot treated with straw mat showed a significant difference at 1 percent. The results show that weathered mudstone soil is effective to use as soiling materials and straw mat treatment was better. On forest fertilization trial, in the mudstone region where red and black pine trees already existing at a rate of 2,000-3,000 trees per hectare had applied 110kg of compound fertilizers (9:12:3 and 22:22:11) per hectare basis in terms of plant nutrient. As a result, the difference in effect between the compound fertilizers was not found however the leaf color and leaf length of the fertilizer added plot showed darker and longer at 30 percent over the no fertilizer received plot. Compound fertilizers, 14:37:12 and 9:12:3 were applied to alder trees at a rate of 20 gram and 40 gram per tree in terms of plant nutrient and a remarkable growth accelerantion was observed where 40 grams of plant nutrient applied. The effect difference between the compound fertilizers was not found. On investigation of tree root elongation, forty years old red pine trees showed only 15cm tap root elongation through mudstone while black pine had 23 cm tap root elongation. The total length of supporting root elongtion of red and black pines showed 20 and 13 meters, respectively. The tap roots of Black locusts were not able to elongate through mudstone, however, the supporting roots tended to develop to the underneath of pine tree where some moisture content is available. Black locusts And grown on the residual soil of mudstone normally die between 8 to 10 years. The red pine trees show flat in tree shape while black pine had triangle in the shape. With the results it can be said that in an artificial reforestation in denuded forest land of the mudstone region the adequate slit and enough amount of fertiliizer application must be provided for the succesful performance of the program. On integrated experimental results of 1972. for the establishment of ground vegetation on the completely denuded forest land in mudstone region, soiling could be effectively practiced with weathered mudstone soil and it would not specially necessiate to have either weathered granite or tuffssoil for the soiling. And the soiling depth should be more than 10 cm in thickness. Among green materials used the straw mat proved to be the most effective reatment. Three major factors which enable to establish ground vegetation by the shortest period of time: A. Physical improvement of soil is necessary to breakdown of the horizontal cracks sushas Slit, contour line plot, seeding hole and etc., and soiling with weathered mudstone soil. B. Chemical improvement of soil: is needed sufficient amount of fertilizer application 300~400kg ha, $N+P_2O_5+K_2O$), and increased production of ground covering and expedite resolution of the vegetation (ground vegetation, fallen leaves and twigs). C. Complete establishment of the basic structure for the erosion control (Prevention of surface soil erosion)

  • PDF

Screening of yeast for alcoholic fermentation of no sugar-added tomato concentrate (토마토 농축액을 이용한 무가당 알코올 발효를 위한 효모의 선발)

  • Kim, Dong-Hwan;Moon, Jae-Nam;Lee, Seul;Lee, Soo-Won;Moon, Hey-Kyung;Kim, Gwi-Young
    • Food Science and Preservation
    • /
    • v.23 no.4
    • /
    • pp.591-598
    • /
    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to screen desirable yeast strains for alcoholic fermentation of tomato paste without sugar addition. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and soluble nitrogen contents of the tomato paste ($25^{\circ}Brix$) were found to be 67.33%, 1.90%, 0.03%, 0.02%, and 30.72%, respectively. Free sugars found in the paste were fructose and glucose. Most abundant free amino acids of the paste were glutamic, aspartic, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acids. Total seven yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae KDH (TWA), S. cerevisiae Lalvin ICVD-47 (TWB), S. cerevisiae Lalvin RC-212 (TWC), S. cerevisiae Lalvin K1-V1116 (TWD), S. bayanus Lalvin EC-1118 (TWE), S. cerevisiae Enoferm (TWF), and S. cerevisiae DJ97(KCTC8842P) (TWG)) were tasted for alcohol fermentation of the tomato paste. The highest alcohol content (8.2%) and the lowest residual sugar content ($13.25^{\circ}Brix$) were observed in the tomato paste fermented using the S. cerevisiae Lalvin ICVD-47 strain (TWB) after 3 day and 4 day of fermentation, respectively. Sugar and reducing sugar contents, and pH of the tomato paste were not remarkably affected by the difference in yeast strains used, showing $13.25{\sim}13.45^{\circ}Brix$, 28.37~28.48 mg/mL, and 4.43~4.54, respectively, after 4 day of fermentation. Color and total acid content were significantly affected by the types of yeast strains and fermentation time, but the numerical changes were negligible. These results indicate that TWB would be the suitable strain for alcoholic fermentatiom of tomato paste based on its highest alcohol production and the lowest residual sugar content produced during fermentation.

Do some patients receive unnecessary parenteral nutrition after pancreatoduodenectomy? Results from an international multicentre study

  • Thomas B. Russell;Peter L. Labib;Paula Murphy;Fabio Ausania;Elizabeth Pando;Keith J. Roberts;Ambareen Kausar;Vasileios K. Mavroeidis;Gabriele Marangoni;Sarah C. Thomasset;Adam E. Frampton;Pavlos Lykoudis;Manuel Maglione;Nassir Alhaboob;Hassaan Bari;Andrew M. Smith;Duncan Spalding;Parthi Srinivasan;Brian R. Davidson;Ricky H. Bhogal;Daniel Croagh;Ismael Dominguez;Rohan Thakkar;Dhanny Gomez;Michael A. Silva;Pierfrancesco Lapolla;Andrea Mingoli;Alberto Porcu;Nehal S. Shah;Zaed Z. R. Hamady;Bilal Al-Sarrieh;Alejandro Serrablo;Somaiah Aroori
    • Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
    • /
    • v.28 no.1
    • /
    • pp.70-79
    • /
    • 2024
  • Backgrounds/Aims: After pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), an early oral diet is recommended; however, the postoperative nutritional management of PD patients is known to be highly variable, with some centers still routinely providing parenteral nutrition (PN). Some patients who receive PN experience clinically significant complications, underscoring its judicious use. Using a large cohort, this study aimed to determine the proportion of PD patients who received postoperative nutritional support (NS), describe the nature of this support, and investigate whether receiving PN correlated with adverse perioperative outcomes. Methods: Data were extracted from the Recurrence After Whipple's study, a retrospective multicenter study of PD outcomes. Results: In total, 1,323 patients (89%) had data on their postoperative NS status available. Of these, 45% received postoperative NS, which was "enteral only," "parenteral only," and "enteral and parenteral" in 44%, 35%, and 21% of cases, respectively. Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.03), absence of preoperative biliary stenting (p = 0.009), and serum albumin < 36 g/L (p = 0.009) all correlated with receiving postoperative NS. Among those who did not develop a serious postoperative complication, i.e., those who had a relatively uneventful recovery, 20% received PN. Conclusions: A considerable number of patients who had an uneventful recovery received PN. PN is not without risk, and should be reserved for those who are unable to take an oral diet. PD patients should undergo pre- and postoperative assessment by nutrition professionals to ensure they are managed appropriately, and to optimize perioperative outcomes.

Genetic Correlation of Carcass and Meat Production Traits with Hormones and Metabolic Components in Hawoo (가축의 혈청 호르몬 및 대사물질 농도와 도체 및 산육형질에 대한 유전상관에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon G. J.;Juong H. Y.;Cho K. H.;Kim M. J.;Kim I. C.;Kim J. B.
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
    • /
    • v.20 no.3
    • /
    • pp.255-269
    • /
    • 2005
  • This study was aimed to investigate genetic relationships, variables, and correlations between economic traits and metabolic materials in serum components according to bleeding periods and breeding locations for the castrated and not castrated Hanwoo cattle at National Livestock Research Institute. Analysis of variance for serum hormones and metabolic materials showed significant differences by breeding locations except for testosterone and globulin. Statistical differences for serum components were detected by birth year except for cortisol, total protein, globulin and creatinine, and by castration except for total protein and BUN. All the serum components were tended to have sire effects except for testosterone resulting in some degree of additive gene actions. Breeding locations showed statistical significances for carcass weight and back fat thickness, but not in carcass rate, KPH, live weight and transportation weight loss. Effects of breeding locations and castration were significant for all weight measurement periods except for 9 month and 6 month, respectively. A significant sire effect was observed in all weight measurements. Least squared means for concentration of serum components by breeding year, season and castration were not significant. High concentration of cortisol, creatinine and triglyceride and low concentration of IGF-1 and glucose were detected in castrated cattle. Concentration of testosterone with castrated cattle was $5.2\%$ corresponding to non castrated cattle. Estimation of heritabilities of serum components using a sire model with restricted maximum likelihood were ranged 0.07 to 0.58. High heritabilities were estimated for total protein, albumin, globulin, cortisol, creatinine and BUN were 0.53, 0.54, 0.42, 0.45, 0.58 and 0.54, respectively. Low heritabilities were estimated fur calcium, testosterone and IGF-1 for 0.07, 0.15 and 0.12, respectively. Heritabilities for carcass weight, back fat thickness, meat yield index, KPH, and IMF were estimated as 0.39, 0.45, 0.30 0.13, and 0.93. Heritabilities of weights on 18, 12, 9, 6, and 24 month were estimated as 0.78, 0.76, 0.62, 0.58 and 0.58. Estimated heritabilities for average daily gain on 6${\~}$2, 12${\~}$18, and 18${\~}$24 month were 0.80, 0.75 and 0.19, respectively.

Initial nutritional status of stomach cancer patients (위암환자의 입원시 영양상태)

  • An, Su-Mi;Yun, Gi-Yeong;Kim, Eun-Sil;Gang, Won-Geun;Ryu, Dong-Won;Kim, Tae-Hyeon;Choe, Gyeong-Hyeon;Jeong, Eun-Ae;Im, Seon-Gye;Kim, Hong-Seon;Lee, Geum-Suk;Kim, Jong-Suk;Lee, Seon-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
    • /
    • v.8 no.3
    • /
    • pp.217-226
    • /
    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate initial nutritional status of stomach cancer patients. The study subjects were 88 patients with stomach cancer admitted at Kosin University Gospel Hospital in Busan. We assessed the initial nutritional status by anthropometric, biochemical and dietary intake data along with subjective global assessment(SGA). The results are as follows. 1. The mean age, weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, mid arm circumference, and mid arm muscle circumference of the subjects were 55.9$\pm$11.0years, 60.0$\pm$9.8kg, 162.4$\pm$8.5cm, 10.9$\pm$5.7mm, 26.8$\pm$3.8cm, and 23.4$\pm$3.5cm respectively. The mean body mass index was within the normal range, with 22.7$\pm$2.8kg/m2, while 15.4% of the patients was underweight. The result shows that body fat mass and body protein mass of the patients with stomach cancer were decreased. 2. The mean biochemical data of the subjects were 4.0$\pm$0.5g/dl for albumin, 174.7$\pm$41.9mg/dl for cholesterol, 107.6$\pm$57.2mg/dl for triglyceride, 92.1μg/dl for Zn,  297.0$\pm$103.1mg/dl for transferrin, 1980.0$\pm$0.8$mm^3$ for total lymphocyte count. 3. Daily energy intake was 1997.8$\pm$579.3kcal. And the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid to energy intake was 72:14:14. 4. The patients were divided into three groups according to SGA performed by an observer. Group A(well nourished) was 55.7% with 49 patients, Group B(moderately malnourished) was 22.7 % with 20 patients, and Group C(severely malnourished) was 21.6 % with 19 patients. The three groups showed a significant difference in body weight(p<0.01), 1 month weight loss %(p<0.001), 6 months weight loss %(p<0.001), body mass index(p<0.01), and mid arm circumference(p<0.05), albumin(p<0.01), energy intake(p<0.05) as well as carbohydrate intake(p<0.05). From these results, it may be concluded that SGA can be used as a nutrition screening tool, and comprehensive nutrition assessment is desirable for those malnourished.

  • PDF

Effects of Boliing, Steaming, and Chemical Treatment on Solid Wood Bending of Quercus acutissima Carr. and Pinus densiflora S. et. Z. (자비(煮沸), 증자(蒸煮) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)가 상수리나무와 소나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • So, Won-Tek
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-62
    • /
    • 1985
  • This study was performed to investigate: (i) the bending processing properties of silk worm oak (Quercus acutissima Carr.) and Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) by boiling and steaming treatments; (ii) the effects of interrelated factors - sapwood and heartwood, annual ring placement, softening temperature and time, moisture content. and wood defects on bending processing properties; (iii) the changing rates of bending radii after release from a tension strap, and (iv) the improving methods of bending process by treatment with chemicals. The size of specimens tested was $15{\times}15{\times}350mm$ for boiling and steaming treatments and $5{\times}10{\times}200mm$ for treatments with chemicals. The specimens were green for boiling treatments and dried to 15 percent for steaming treatments. The specimens for treatments with chemicals were soaked in saturated urea solution, 35 percent formaldehyde solution, 25 percent polyethylene glycol -400 solution, and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution for 5 days and immediately followed the bending process, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The internal temperature of silk worm oak and Korean red pine by boiling and steaming time was raised slowly to $30^{\circ}C$ but rapidly from $30^{\circ}C$ to $80-90^{\circ}C$ and then slowly from $80-90^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. 2. The softening time required to the final temperature was directly proportional to the thickness of specimen. The time required from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ for 15mm-squared specimen was 9.6-11.2 minutes in silk worm oak and 7.6-8.1 minutes in Korean red pine. 3. The moisture content (M.C.) of specimen by steaming time was increased rapidly first 4 minutes in the both species, and moderately from 4 to 20 minutes and then slowly and constantly in silk worm oak, and moderately from 4 to 15 minutes and then slowly and constantly in Korean red pine. The M.C. of 15mm-squared specimen in 50 minutes of steaming was increased to 18.0 percent in the oak and 22.4 percent in the pine from the initial conditioned M.C. of 15 percent The rate of moisture adsorption measured was therefore faster in the pine than in the oak. 4. The mechanical properties of the both species were decreased significantly with the increase of boiling rime. The decrement by the boiling treatment for 60 minutes was measured to 36.6-45.0 percent in compressive strength, 12.5-17.5 percent in tensile strength, 31.6-40.9 percent in modulus of rupture, and 23.3-34.6 percent in modulus of elasticity. 5. The minimum bending radius (M.B.R.) of sapwood and heartwood was 60-80 mm and 90 mm in silk worm oak, and 260 - 300 mm and 280 - 300 mm in Korean red pine, respectively. Therefore, the both species showed better bending processing properties in sapwood than in heartwood. 6. The M.B.R. of edge-grained and flat-grained specimen in suk worm oak was 60-80 mm, but the M.B.R. in Korean red pine was 240-280 mm and 260-360 mm, respectively. Comparing the M.B.R. of edge-grained with flat-grained specimen, in the pine the edge-grained showed better bending processing property than the flat-grained. 7. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the rising of softening temperature from $40^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum softening temperature for bending was $90^{\circ}C$ in silk worm oak and $80^{\circ}C$ in Korean red pine, and the dependency of softening temperature for bending was therefore higher in the oak than in the pine. 8. The bending processing properties of the both species were improved by the increase of softening time as well as temperature, but even after the internal temperature of specimen reaching to the final temperature, somewhat prolonged softening was required to obtain the best plastic conditions. The minimum softening time for bending of 15 mm-squared silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen was 15 and 10 minutes in the boiling treatment, and 30 and 20 minutes in the steaming treatment, respectively. 9. The optimum M.C. for bending of silk worm oak was 20 percent, and the M.C. above fiber saturation point rather degraded the bending processing property, whereas the optimum M.C. of Korean red pine needed to be above 30 percent. 10. The bending works in the optimum conditions obtained as seen in Table 24 showed that the M.B.R. of silk worm oak and Korean red pine was 80 mm and 240 mm in the boiling treatment, and 50 mm and 280 mm in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing property of the oak was better in the steaming than in the boiling treatment, but that of the pine better in the boiling than in the steaming treatment. 11. In the bending without a tension strap, the radio r/t of the minimum bending radius t to the thickness t of silk worm oak and Korean red pine specimen amounted to 16.0 and 21.3 in the boiling treatment, and 17.3 and 24.0 in the steaming treatment, respectively. But in the bending with a tension strap, the r/t of the oak and the pine specimen decreased to 5.3 and 16.0 in t he boiling treatment, and 3.3 and 18.7 in the steaming treatment, respectively. Therefore, the bending processing properties of the both species were significantly improved by the strap. 12. The effect of pin knot on the degradation of bending processing property was very severe in silk worm oak by side, e.g. 90 percent of the oak specimens with pin knot on the concave side were ruptured when bent to a 100 mm radius but only 10 percent of the other specimens with pin knot on the convex side were ruptured. 13. The changing rate in the bending radius of specimen bent to a 300 mm radius after 30 days of exposure to room temperature conditions was measured to 4.0-10.3 percent in the boiling treatment and 13,0-15.0 percent in the steaming treatment. Therefore, the degree of spring back after release was higher in the steaming than in the boiling treatment. And the changing rate of moisture-proofing treated specimen by expoxy resin coating was only -1.0.0 percent. 14. Formaldehyde, 35 percent solution, and 25 percent polyethylene glycol-400 solution found no effect on the plasticization of the both species, but saturated urea solution and 25 percent ammonium hydroxide solution found significant effect in comparison to non-treated specimen. But the effect of the treatment with chemicals alone was inferior to that of the steaming treatment, and the steaming treatment after the treatment with chemicals improved 10-24 percent over the bending processing property of steam-bent specimen. 15. Three plasticity coefficients - load-strain coefficient, strain coefficient, and energy coefficient - were evaluated to be appropriate for the index of bending processing property because the coefficients had highly significant correlation with the bending radius. The fitness of the coefficients as the index was good at load-strain coefficient, energy coefficient, and strain coefficient, in order.

  • PDF

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Economic Traits in Yorkshire (요크셔종에 대한 경제형질의 유전모수 추정)

  • Song, K.L.;Kim, B.W.;Kim, S.D.;Choi, C.S.;Kim, M.J.;Lee, J.G.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.44 no.5
    • /
    • pp.499-506
    • /
    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to estimate the heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations among average daily gain, age at 90kg and backfat thickness in Yorkshire pigs. The data were obtained from 2,111 heads of Yorkshire tested at National Livestock Research Institute from May, 1994 to April, 2000. Genetic parameters were estimated with a multiple trait animal model by using DF-REML (Deri- vative-Free REstricted Maximum Likelihood). The results obtained are summarized as follows ; The means of traits studied were 0.871${\pm}$0.124 kg for average daily gain, 145.397${\pm}$11.718 days for age at 90kg and 1.476${\pm}$0.241 cm for backfat thickness. The estimated heritabilities were 0.55 for average daily gain, 0.56 for age at 90kg and 0.55 for backfat thickness. The genetic correlation of average daily gain with age at 90kg and backfat thickness were -0.82, 0.10, respectively. The genetic correlation of age at 90kg with backfat thickness was -0.25. The phenotypic correlations of average daily gain(ADG) with age at 90kg and backfat thickness and age at 90kg with backfat thickness were -0.77, 0.02 and -0.05 respectively. Though phenotypic correlation of ADG and age at 90kg was low, breeding project should be carefully considered by high genetic correlation. High heritabilities on all economic traits were obtained. Therefore, it is considered that suitable selection and management is needed successful improvement.

Observation of Response to PPD Skin Test and Local Side Reactions at Multiple Inoculation Sites after Percutanous Inoculation with BCG Tokyo 172 Strain (경피용 건조 B.C.G. 백신(Tokyo 172주) 접종 후 국소 반응과 투베르쿨린 양전율에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jin Soo;Sohn, Young Mo
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
    • /
    • v.7 no.2
    • /
    • pp.201-210
    • /
    • 2000
  • Purpose : We observed response to PPD skin test and local side reactions among subjects who received inoculation with Tokyo 172 BCG strain by percutaneous method using multiple puncture device. Methods : 138 infants and young children were enrolled at Yongdong Severance Hospital and 7 private clinics. 5TU PPD skin test were performed at 4 months after inoculation. The local reactions at multiple puncture site were observed in 3 days, 4~6 weeks, 36 weeks, and 48 weeks after inoculations and physical check up was done for evaluation of lymphadenopathy. Results : During 48 weeks of observation period, 96 subjects among 138 who were enrolled were followed up completely with records of PPD skin test and observation of local side reactions, presenting with the photos. The size of the induration after 48 hours of PPD skin test, was less than 5mm in six subjects(6.3%), greater than 10mm in sixty seven subjects(70.0%) and greater than 12mm in forty six subjects(47.9%). All subjects showed inflammatory reaction and pustules at multiple puncture sites and only just small papules, ulcer and pustules remained 4-6 weeks later. Eight to twelve weeks later, all local inflammatory skin reactions disappeared with remaining crust. After 48 weeks, 4(4.2%) subjects showed no scar with only faint stain on the puncture site. More than 70% of subjects showed more than 10 faint pin-point scars on the sites. However, the size of scar was clearly smaller compared to that of intradermal inoculation. There were no cases of lymphadenopathy. Conclusion : We observed good immune response to 5TU PPD skin test among the infant and young children who were immunized with percutanous inoculation of Tokyo 172 BCG strain. We could not find any severe local scar at inoculation sites. A degree of satisfaction of the parents whose children received the percutaneous injection was very high.

  • PDF

Studies on the Characteristics of Germination and Emergence of Tall Panicum(Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.) (미국개기장(Panicum dichotomiflorum)의 발아(發芽) 및 출아(出芽) 특성(特性)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, M.;Shim, S.I.;Lee, S.G.;Kang, B.H.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
    • /
    • v.18 no.2
    • /
    • pp.146-153
    • /
    • 1998
  • This experiment was conducted to clarify the characteristics of germination and emergence of Panicum dichotomiflorum which is a noxious weed species in direct-seeded rice field. P. dichotomiflorum was planted with several treatments such as different depths of irrigation to verifiy the ecological habits of seedling emergence and growth. In order to know the germination characteristics, Panicum dichotomiflorum seeds, pretreated with low-temperature($4^{\circ}C$) stratification for breaking the dormancy, were germinated under different temperature regimes and water potentials. Germination rates of P. dichotomiflorum was increased from 0% of dormant seed to 1%, 35% and 44% by stratification for 21, 28 and 42 days, respectively. Two dominant weed species in directseeded rice fields, Echinochloa crus-galli and Panicum dichotomitlorum, showed different germination habit under different temperature regimes. Echinochloa crus-galli showed more higher germination rate than Panicum dichotomiflorum at relatively low temperature regime(20/$10^{\circ}C$). Both species germinated faster at 30/$20^{\circ}C$ than at 20/$10^{\circ}C$. When the water potential was lowered, germination of Panicum dichotomiflorum was reduced more drastically than Echinochloa crus-galli. The critical water potential for germination of P. dichotomiflorum was -0.7MPa but Echinochloa crus-galli was affected slightly by the same water potential. The results showed that Echinochloa crus-galli can germinate under more wide range of soil water potential than Panicum dichotomiflorum. Emergence of P. dichotomiflorum was highly affected by irrigation depth and the level of water table. When the depth of irrigation water was increased, emergence of P. dichotomiflorum was dragged and emergence rate showed significant difference under the irrigation depth deeper than 6cm. The maximum depth of irrigation water for survival of Panicum dichotomiflorum seedling was 9cm.

  • PDF