• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.32 no.1_2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2014

For a connected graph G = (V,E) of order at least two, a set S of vertices of G is a monophonic set of G if each vertex v of G lies on an x - y monophonic path for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of a monophonic set of G is the monophonic number of G, denoted by m(G). Certain general properties satisfied by the monophonic sets are studied. Graphs G of order p with m(G) = 2 or p or p - 1 are characterized. For every pair a, b of positive integers with $2{\leq}a{\leq}b$, there is a connected graph G with m(G) = a and g(G) = b, where g(G) is the geodetic number of G. Also we study how the monophonic number of a graph is affected when pendant edges are added to the graph.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.655-664
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• 1999

본 논문은 조기발병형 치주염에 이환된 환자의 immunoglobulin allotype markers(Gm)에 대한 연구를 한 것이다. 원래 이전의 논문에서 Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg)에 대한 항체 역가를 측정하기위해 선택되었던 환자로 이는 subform I(distinctive localized juvenile periodontitis(LIP) pattern)으로부터 3명, subtype II(post-LJP pattern)으로부터 19명, subform III(localized but rapidly progressing pattern)으로부터 15명 그리고 subform Ⅳ(distinctive rapidly pregressing periodontitis(RPP)으로부터 24명을 추출하여 구성하였고, 각각 인종과 나이에 맞게 50명의 대조군을 구성했다. Gm type은 hemagglutination inhibition assay; b0b1b3b5, G3m(s), G3m(t)를 포함한 G1m(a), G1m(x), G1m(f), G2m(n), G3m(g), G3m(b)로 확인했었다. 관찰되어진 Gm haplotypes의 도수는 각각의 EOP subform에 따라 계산되었고 Gm phenotype은 각 환자에서 발견된 증가된 IgG subclass responses의 다양성에 따라 구분했다. 환자들 중에서 관찰된 9개의 Gm phenotype 은 4개의 Gm haplotype으로 나타났다. subform Ⅳ에서 관찰되어진 모든 4개의 Gm haplotype의 도수는 대조군과 유의성있는 차이가 났다. 특히 haplotype afnb(Gm(n))의 그것이 유의성있게 높았다. 더욱이 G2m(n)은 IgG4와 IgG1의 level뿐만 아니라 IgG2 level의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다. Gm phenotype을 검사 할 때 IgG1+2와 IgG1+2+4모두에서 antibody level이 증가한 모든 환자가 일관되게 Gm phenotype agfnb나 axfnb를 가졌다. 결론적으로, IgG subclass response는 개인의 immunogenetic marker에 의해 조절되었고 genetic predisposition의 가능성은 EOP subform IV환자에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 더욱이 G2m(n)과 Gm phenotype agfnb나 axfnb 모두 IgG1+2 나 IgG1+2+4 antibody의 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 1990

Brevibacterium lactofermentum SWA (arg trp) and B. lactofermentum SWB (met ser) were obtained from UV and NTG treatment. The rates of protoplast formation by B. lactofermentum SWA and SWB were 99.93% and 99.98%, respectively when each strain was treated with penicillin G in mid exponential growth phase, followed by incubation with 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of lysozyme in lysis fluid supplemented with 0.4M sucrose. Frequencies of protoplast regeneration in B. lactofermentum SWA and B. lactofermentum SWB were 9.27% and 10.32% respectively, on regeneration medium containing 0.5M sodium succinate, 50 mM $Mg^{2+}$, and 3% PVP. In intraspecific protoplast fusion between B. lactofermentum SWA and B. lactofermentum SWB, fusion frequency of $2.30\times 10^{-5}$ was observed by using the 100mM $CaCl_{2}$ and 30% PEG 6,000 in fusion fluid. Relative recombinant frequencies in each marker by means of selective media could be used for genetic analysis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 2012

There is a limitation to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake due to a lack of data on vitamin $B_{12}$ content in many Korean foods. In this study, vitamin $B_{12}$ content was determined in some seaweeds, fish, and shellfish and their product that are consumed in Korea using a modified microbioassay with Lactobacillus delbruecki ATCC 7830. Dried laver and dried seasoned and toasted laver contained very high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ (66.8 and $55.2-71.3\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Sea lettuce and seaweed fulvescene also contained high vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 5.47-9.41 and $6.46-7.20\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively, whereas sea mustard and sea tangle contained low levels of vitamin $B_{12}$; vitamin $B_{12}$ was not detected in seaweed fusifome. Pacific saury, trout, sea-bass, or squid contained 12.01, 2.00, 0.49 and $2.33\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Ochellatus octopus, and naked sand lance contained 0.72-1.43 and $3.68\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Dried Alaska pollack con-tained $0.19-2.64\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g. Shellfish such as little neck clam and small ark shellfish contained high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ of $30.5-40.5\;{\mu}g$/100 g, and mussel and abalone contained 17.71 and $7.82\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Of unique Korean traditional fermented seafood products, salt-fermented products of squid ($2.91\;{\mu}g$/100 g), clams ($34.31\;{\mu}g$/100 g), Ala-ska pollack roe ($9.98-12.02\;{\mu}g$/100 g), hairtail guts ($4.58\;{\mu}g$/100 g) or small shrimp ($0.58-1.55\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fish sauce from anchovies ($1.52-1.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL), sand eel ($0.22-0.24\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) or small shrimp ($0.19-0.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) were analyzed. A few commercial brands of flying fish roe ($0.73-1.73\;{\mu}g$/100 g), canned tuna ($0.40\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fried fish paste ($0.25-0.69\;{\mu}g$/100 g) were also analyzed. In conclusion, vitamin $B_{12}$ content in these foods, chosen considering the Korean food culture, should contribute to improve the present vitamin $B_{12}$ food database. It may be helpful to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake more correctly than before, and provide additional information for dietary education related to vitamin $B_{12}$ and meal management.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2017

Alginate lyase from Streptomyces violaceoruber was purified by DEAE sephacel chromatography and SP sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 14.6 units/mg protein, representing a 40.6-fold purification of the crude extract. The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on Tricine-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis whose molecular weight was determined to be 23.3 kDa. The polyMG block of sodium alginate was hydrolyzed by the purified alginate lyase and then separated by activated carbon column chromatography and bio gel P-2 gel filtration. The main hydrolysates were composed of hetero type M/G-oligosaccharides with the degrees of polymerization (D.P.) being 6 and 8. To investigate the effects of hetero type M/G-oligosaccharides from the sodium alginate on the growth of some intestinal bacteria, cells were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides. B. longumgrew 4.25-fold and 6.44-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides compared with those of standard MRS medium. In addition, B. bifidumgrew 3.3-fold and 5.4-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides. In conclusion, D.P. 8 was more effective than D.P. 6 hetero M/G-oligosaccharides as regards the growth of Bifidobacteriumspp. and Lactobacillus spp.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2019

Proteasome inhibitors can improve the efficiency of cancer treatments by inhibiting nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$($NF-{\kappa}B$) activation in cancer cells. Lentils are a type of beans of which consumption of such beans is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lentils extract (LE) on the proteasomal activities, $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation, and cell cycle in HepG2 human liver cancer cells. LE treatments inhibited proteasomal activities at concentrations of 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ respectively, and repressed $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation at concentrations of 1, 10, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ respectively, in HepG2 cells. LE treatments at concentrations of 1, 10, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ respectively, increased sub-G1 cell population in HepG2 cells, which may be the result of apoptosis. The results suggest that LE inhibited $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation partially with its proteasome inhibitory activities, and the increase of sub-G1 cell population was induced partially, by inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in HepG2 cells.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.279-287
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• 2015

A subset S of V (G), where G is a graph without isolated vertices, is a double dominating set of G if for each $x{{\in}}V(G)$, ${\mid}N_G[x]{\cap}S{\mid}{\geq}2$. This paper, shows that any positive integers a, b and n with $2{\leq}a<b$, $b{\geq}2a$ and $n{\geq}b+2a-2$, can be realized as domination number, double domination number and order, respectively. It also characterize the double dominating sets in the Cartesian and tensor products of two graphs and determine sharp bounds for the double domination numbers of these graphs. In particular, it show that if G and H are any connected non-trivial graphs of orders n and m respectively, then ${\gamma}_{{\times}2}(G{\square}H){\leq}min\{m{\gamma}_2(G),n{\gamma}_2(H)\}$, where ${\gamma}_2$, is the 2-domination parameter.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

This study was conducted to simultaneous analysis methods for water soluble vitamins B group (vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$) which is used as health functional foods etc. Analytical methods of water-soluble vitamins B group by HPLC were established through instrumental analytical conditions, and the examination of data such as domestic and foreign reliable methods, and papers of journal. HPLC method analyzing water soluble vitamins B group was established using Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 column in 270 nm through test of columns. The validation has been performed on the method to determine linearity, accuracy, limits of quantification (LOQ) and repeatability for water soluble vitamins B group. An excellent linearity ($r^2=0.999$) was observed for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$ in the concentration range ($0.1{\sim}2{\mu}g/mL$). Observed recovery of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be between 100 and 103%, vitamin $B^2$ was found to be between 104 and 112%, nicotinic acid was found to be between 82 and 85%, nicotinamide was found to be between 121 and 124% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be between 95 and 104%. LOQ of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be $0.04{\mu}g/mL$, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be $0.05{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinic acid was found to be $0.15{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinamide was found to be $0.08{\mu}g/mL$ and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be $0.63{\mu}g/mL$. Repeatability precision for vitamin $B_1$ was found to be 0.4%, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be 0.4%, nicotinic acid was found to be 0.5%, nicotinamide was found to be 0.7% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be 0.4% relative standard deviation (RSD). Also, verify the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis methods, we monitored the labeled contents of the health functional foods and children's preferred foods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4101-4107
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• 2014

Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major serine/threonine phosphatase that controls gene expression and cell cycle progression. The active mutant IPP5 ($8-60hIPP5^m$), the latest member of the inhibitory molecules for PP1, has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa). In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the present study assessed overexpression of $8-60hIPP5^m$ in HeLa cells. Flow cytometric and biochemical analyses showed that overexpression of $8-60hIPP5^m$ induced G2/M-phase arrest, which was accompanied by the upregulation of cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of G2/M-phase proteins ATM, p53, $p21^{cip1/waf1}$ and Cdc2, suggesting that $8-60hIPP5^m$ induces G2/M arrest through activation of the ATM/p53/$p21^{cip1/waf1}$/Cdc2/cyclin B1 pathways. We further showed that overexpression of $8-60hIPP5^m$ led to delayed nuclear translocation of cyclin B1. $8-60hIPP5^m$ also could translocate to the nucleus in G2/M phase and interact with $pp1{\alpha}$ and Cdc2 as demonstrated by co-precipitation assay. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel role for $8-60hIPP5^m$ in regulation of cell cycle in HeLa cells, possibly contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies for cervix carcinoma.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, has served as a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The MeOH extracts of twenty-nine medicinal plants, traditionally used in Vietnam as anti-diabetes agents, were investigated for PTP1B inhibitory activity in vitro. The results indicated that, most materials showed moderate to strong inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from $3.4\;{\mu}g/mL$ to $35.1\;{\mu}g/mL$; meanwhile, eleven extracts (37.9%) could demonstrate PTP1B activity with $IC_{50}$ values less than $15.5\;{\mu}g/mL$; sixteen extracts (55.2%) could demonstrate PTP1B activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from $15.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ to $35.1\;{\mu}g/mL$. The study may provide a proof, at least in a part, for the ethno-medical use in diabetes disease of these plants.