• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2018

In this study, an experiment is performed to recover the Li in $Li_2CO_3$ phase from the cathode active material NMC ($LiNiCoMnO_2$) in waste lithium ion batteries. Firstly, carbonation is performed to convert the LiNiO, LiCoO, and $Li_2MnO_3$ phases within the powder to $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO. The carbonation for phase separation proceeds at a temperature range of $600^{\circ}C{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ in a $CO_2$ gas (300 cc/min) atmosphere. At $600{\sim}700^{\circ}C$, $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO are not completely separated, while Li and other metallic compounds remain. At $800^{\circ}C$, we can confirm that LiNiO, LiCoO, and $Li_2MnO_3$ phases are separated into $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO phases. After completing the phase separation, by using the solubility difference of $Li_2CO_3$ and NiO, CoO, and MnO, we set the ratio of solution (distilled water) to powder after carbonation as 30:1. Subsequently, water leaching is carried out. Then, the $Li_2CO_3$ within the solution melts and concentrates, while NiO, MnO, and CoO phases remain after filtering. Thus, $Li_2CO_3$ can be recovered.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004년도 학술논문집
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• pp.285-291
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• 2004

LiCl-$Li_2O-O_2$ 용융염계에서 용융염 취급장치의 구조재료를 위한 평가의 일환으로 Inconel 718, X-750, Haynes 75, 263 합금의 부식거동을 분위기온도; $650^{\circ}C$, 부식시간: 24~168h, $Li_2O$농도; 3wt%, 혼합가스농도; Ar-10%$O_2$에서 조사하였다. LiCl-$Li_2O-O_2$ 용융염계에서 부식속도는 Haynes 263 ＜ Haynes 75 ＜ Inconel X-750 ＜ Inconel 718 순서로 나타났으며, Haynes 263 합금이 가장 우수한 내부식성을 나타내었다. Haynes 75의 부식생성물은 $Cr_2O_4$, $NiFe_2O_4$, $LiNiO_2$, $Li_2NiFe_2O_4$, Inconel 718의 부식생성물은 $Cr_2O_4$ 및 $NiFe_2O_4$ 이며 Haynes 263은 $Li(Ni,Co)O_2$, $NiCr_2O_4$ 및 $LiTiO_2$, Inconel X-750은 $Cr_2O_3$, $NiFe_2O_4$,$FeNi_3$, (Al,Nb,Ti)$O_2$의 부식생성물을 나타내었다. Haynes 263은 국부부식의 거동을 보이는 반면, Haynes 75, Inconel 718 및 Inconel X-750은 전면 부식 거동을 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.228-231
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• 1996

We prepared $LiCo_{1-x}Ni_{x}O_2$ by reacting stoichiometric mixture of LiOH.$H_2O$, $CoCO_3$.$xH_2O$ and $Ni(OH)_2$ (mole ratio respectively) and heating at $850^{\circ}C$ for 5h. We awared through XRD that from 0 to 0.5 at x in $LiCo_{1-x}Ni_{x}O_2$ is well formed for hexagonal structure, but the more $LiCo_{1-x}Ni_{x}O_2$ involve NI, the more hexagonal structure is not well formed. In the result of charge/discharge test, charge/discharge characteristic of $LiCo_{1-x}Ni_{x}O_2$ is similar to that of $LiCoO_2$. Therefore, $LiCo_{1-x}Ni_{x}O_2$ is superior to $LiCoO_2$ for Li secondary battery

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2003년도 가을 학술논문집
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• pp.373-378
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• 2003

$LiCl-Li_2O_2$용융염계에서 용융염 취급장치의 구조재료를 위한 평가의 일환으로 오스테나이트 합금인 Fe-base 및 Ni-base 합금의 부식거동을 분위기온도; 650~$725^{\circ}C$, 부식시간: 24~168h, $Li_2O$농도; 3wt%, 혼합가스농도: Ar-10%$O_2$에서 조사하였다. $LiCl-Li_2O_2$ 용융염계에서 Ni-base 합금이 Fe-base 합금보다 높은 내부식성을 나타내었으며, 또한 Fe-base 합금에서 Fe의 함량이 낮고 Ni의 함량이 높은 경우 부식저항성이 증가하였다. 아울러 Fe-base 합금의 부식생성물은 $Cr_2O_3$, $FeCr_2O_4$ Ni-base 합금에서는 $Cr_2O_3$, $NiFe_2O_4$로 나타났다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.279-282
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• 1997

The propose of this study is research and improvement of LiNiO$_2$as cathode material for Lithium secondary batteries. LiNiO$_2$is prepared by heating LiOH . $H_2O$ and Ni(OH)$_2$(mole ratio 1 : 1) on various heat condition. In the result of XRD mesurement, all LiNiO$_2$prepared at this study showed hexagonal structure. In Cyclic Voltammetry, LiNiO$_2$is not conspicous about oxidation peak but oxidation curve change steeply over 3.8V and reduction peak discover at 3.6V. In discharge capacities, specific capacity is higher $O_2$than air when preliminary heated and 75$0^{\circ}C$ than $700^{\circ}C$, 80$0^{\circ}C$ when heated. Therefore, when preliminary heat at $650^{\circ}C$ $O_2$and heat at 75$0^{\circ}C$ carried out, discharge property is the best.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.813-820
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• 2004

The electrolytic reduction of spent oxide fuel involves the liberation of oxygen in a molten LiCl electrolyte, which is a chemically aggressive environment that is very corrosive for typical structural materials. So, it is essential to choose the optimum material for the process equipment handling molten salt. In this study, corrosion behavior of Haynes 263, 75, and Inconel X-750, 718 in molten salt of $LiCl-Li_{2}O$ under oxidation atmosphere was investigated at $650^{\circ}C\;for\;72\sim360$ hours. At $3\;wt\%\;of\;Li_{2}O$, Haynes 263 alloy showed the highest corrosion resistance among the examined alloys, and up to $8\;wt\%\;of\;Li_{2}O$, Haynes 75 exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. Corrosion products were formed $Li(Ni,Co)O_2,\;LiNiO_2\;and\;LiTiO_2\;and\;Cr_{2}O_3$ on Haynes 263, $Cr_{2}O_3,\;NiFe_{2}O_4,\;LiNiO_2,\;Li_{2}NiFe_{2}O_4,\;Li_{2}Ni_{8}O_10$ and Ni on Haynes 75, $Cr_{2}O_3,\;(Al,Nb,Ti)O_2,\;NiFe_{2}O_4,\;and\;Li_{2}NiFe_{2}O_4$ on Inconel X-750 and $Cr_{2}O_3,\;NiFe_{2}O_4\;and\;CrNbO_4$ on Inconel 718, respectively. Haynes 263 showed local corrosion behavior and Haynes 75, Inconel X-750, 718 showed uniform corrosion behavior.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.216-216
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• 2003

The layered nickel oxides (LiNiO$_2$) have been studied for possible use as cathode materials i3l 4V lithium batteries. Although LiCoO$_2$ has been known as the best candidate material for Li-ion batteries, which produces the best performance LiNiO$_2$ is generally accepted as an attractive cathode material, because of its various advantages such as lower cost higher discharge capacity and better reversibility. In this investigation, we calculated the electric state of LiNiO$_2$ using DV-X$\alpha$ molecular orbital method in order to obtain the information of chemical bonding among the Li, Ni and O. In LiNiO$_2$, alternate layers of Li and Ni occupy the octahedral sites of a cubic close packing of oxide ions, making up a rhombohedral structure with an R-3m space group, Li in 3a, Ni in 3b, and O in 6c sites. On the basis of this, we made the cluster model and studied ionization of each atoms and interaction between atoms according to Mullilcen population analysis.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2002

The presently commercialized lithium-ion batteries use layer structured LiCoO₂ cathodes. Because of the high cost and toxicity of cobalt, an intensive search for new cathode materials has been underway in recent years. Recently, a concept of a one-to-one solid state mixture of LiNO₂ and LiMnO₂, i.e., Li[Ni/sub 0.5/Mn/sub 0.5/]O₂, was adopted by Ohzuku and Makimura to overcome the disadvantage of LiNiO₂ and LiMnO₂. Li[Ni/sub 0.5/Mn/sub 0.5/]O₂ has the -NaFeO₂ structure, which is characteristic of the layered LiCoO₂ and LiNiO₂ structures and shows excellent cycleability with no indication of spinel formation during electrochemical cycling. Layered Li[Ni/sub x/Co/sub 1-2x/Mn/sub x/]O₂ (x = 0.5 and 0.475) materials with high homogeneity and crystallinity were synthesized using a mechanical alloying method. The Li[Ni/sub 0.475/Co/sub 0.05/Mn/sub 0.475/]O₂ electrode delivers a high discharge capacity of 187 mAh/g between 2.8 and 4.6 V at a high current density of 0.3 mA/㎠(30 mA/g) with excellent cycleability. The charge/discharge and differential capacity vs. voltage studies of the Li[Ni/sub x/Co/sub 1-2x/Mn/sub x/]O₂ (x = 0.5 and 0.475) materials showed only one redox peak up to 50 cycles, which indicates that structural phase transitions are not occurred during electrochemical cycling. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficients of lithium ions for Li[Ni/sub x/Co/sub 1-2x/Mn/sub x/]O₂(x = 0.5 and 0.475) are around 10/sup -9/ ㎠/s measured by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.378-381
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• 1996

This study is to research Li$_{x}$Ni$_{2-x}$O$_2$ cathode for lithium chargeable battery. We investigated morphology and cell resistance, capacity and Ah efficiency of Li$_{x}$Ni$_{2-x}$O$_2$/Li cells using Li$_{x}$Ni$_{2-x}$O$_2$ prepared under air and $O_2$ flow. The (003)I/(104)I intensity ratio was 1.4. The cell resistance was increased with increasing Li in Li$_{x}$Ni$_{2-x}$O$_2$. The discharge capacity based on Li$_{x}$Ni$_{2-x}$O$_2$of 1st and 15th cycles was 135㎃h/g and 108㎃h/g, respectively. The Li$_{x}$Ni$_{2-x}$O$_2$ prepared with hexan under $O_2$ flow had a good properties. properties. properties.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2014

The electrochemical properties of cells assembled with the $LiNiO_2$ (LNO) recycled from cathode materials of waste lithium secondary batteries ($Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O_2$), were evaluated in this study. The leaching, neutralization and solvent extraction process were applied to produce high-purity $NiSO_4$ solution from waste lithium secondary batteries. High-purity NiO powder was then fabricated by the heat-treatment and mixing of the $NiSO_4$ solution and $H_2C_2O_4$. Finally, $LiNiO_2$ as a cathode material for lithium ion secondary batteries was synthesized by heat treatment and mixing of the NiO and $Li_2CO_3$ powders. We assembled the cells using the $LiNiO_2$ powders and evaluated the electrochemical properties. Subsequently, we evaluated the recycling possibility of the cathode materials for waste lithium secondary battery using the processes applied in this work.