• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2022

This study provided basic data for the commercialization of healthy functional beverages by examining the physicochemical characteristics, nutrient content, and microbiological safety of onion peel beverage. The total acid of onion peel beverage was 0.12 mg/g and the pH was 6.07. According to the storage period, the total acid decreased and the pH increased in all temperature ranges(25℃, 35℃, and 45℃). After 30 days of storage, it showed 0.06 mg/g in all temperature sections and maintained the pH 7 range. The total phenol content, which is a nutritional component of onion peel beverage, was 0.93 mg/g, flavonoid content was 0.25 mg/g, and quercetin content was 0.17 mg/g. The flavonoid content decreased according to the storage period, and in the case of storage temperature of 25℃, it contained 50% content up to 120 days of storage, but in the case of 35℃ and 45℃, it had a flavonoid content up to 90 days and 30 days, respectively. In the case of quercetin, a residual rate of about 50% was shown for 150 days of storage at 25℃ and 35℃. In the case of 45℃, it decreased to 35% at 30 days of storage. On the other hand, onion peel beverage maintained a viable cell count of less than 5 CFU/mL for 150 days of storage, and no coliform group was detected. As a result of analyzing the quality characteristics of onion peel beverage according to storage period, quality stability was confirmed in physicochemical characteristics and microbiological safety. Research on changes in biological activity according to low-temperature distribution or storage period is necessary.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2016

In this study, we isolated a new agar-degrading marine bacterium and characterized its agarase. An agardegrading marine bacterium SH-1 was isolated from seawater, collected from the seashore of Namhae in Gyeongnam province, Korea, and cultured in marine agar 2216 media. It was identified as Maribacter. sp. SH-1 by phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The extracellular agarase was extracted from culture media of Maribacter sp. SH-1 and characterized. Its relative activities were 56, 62, 94, 100, and 8% at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60℃, respectively, whereas 15, 100, 60, and 21% relative activities were observed at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. Its extracellular agarase exhibited maximum activity (231 units/l) at pH 6.0 and 50℃, in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Therefore, this agarase would be applicable as it showed the maximum activity at the temperature at which the agar is in a sol state. Furthermore, the agarase activities remained over 90% at 20, 30, and 40℃ after 0.5 h exposure at these temperatures. Thin layer chromatography analysis suggested that Maribacter sp. SH-1 produces extracellular β-agarase, as it hydrolyzes agarose to produce neoagarooligosaccharides, such as neoagarohexaose (34.8%), neoagarotetraose (52.2%), and neoagarobiose (13.0%). Maribacter sp. SH-1 and its β-agarase would be useful for the production of neoagarooligosaccharides, which shows functional properties, like skin moisturizing, skin whitening, inhibition of bacterial growth, and delay in starch degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect of Chung-Dae Indigo Pulverata Levis, indigo naturalis) produced during indigo dyeing. As a result of in vitro cytotoxicity experiments using RAW 264.7 cell, Chung-Dae extract did not inhibit cell proliferation in Raw 264.7 cells in the range of 1~32 ㎍/mL. NO production was significantly reduced when Chung-Dae extracts were treated at concentrations of 2, 8, and 32 ㎍/mL (p<0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ significantly decreased when the Chung-Dae extract was treated at concentrations of 2, 8, and 32 ㎍/mL compared to the LPS group, and similarly, the TNFα and IL-6 mRNA levels also decreased. Additionally, the mRNA level of COX-2 was also suppressed. At the protein expression level, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 were observed with LPS and Chung-Dae extract significantly decreased compared to the group treated with only LPS (p<0.05). From the above results, it shows that Chung-Dae extract, a plant-derived compound, inhibits the inflammatory response induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. and in particular, regulates the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related enzymes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.819-826
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• 2020

Production of Bacterial Cellulose (BC) by Gluconacetobacter sp. A5 was studied in shaken culture using different cost-effective carbon sources and its structural and mechanical properties were evaluated. Glycerol showed the highest level (7.26 g/l) of BC production, which was about three times higher than the yield in glucose medium. BC production depended not only on the decrease in pH, but also on the ability of Gluconacetobacter sp. A5 to synthesize glucose from different carbon sources and then polymerize it into BC. All BC produced from different carbon sources exhibited a three-dimensional reticulated structure consisting of ultrafine cellulose fibriles. Carbon sources did not significantly change the microfibrile structure of the resulting BC. BC produced from glucose medium had the lowest water-holding capacity, while BC from molasses medium had the highest. XRD data revealed that all BC were cellulose type I, the same as typical native cellulose. The crystalline strength of BC produced in glucose medium was the highest, and that in molasses medium was the lowest. Our results suggest that glycerol could be a potential low-cost substrate for BC production, leading to the reduction in the production cost, and also to produce BC with different mechanical properties by selecting appropriate carbon source.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.546-552
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• 2018

A comprehensive collection of proteins senses local changes in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) and transduces these signals into responses to agonists. In the present study, we examined the effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) on modulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells. To measure $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ levels in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells, we used a fluorescence microscopy with the Fura-2 loading method. S1P produced a concentration-dependent increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in the cells. Pretreatment with EGTA, an extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator, decreased the S1P-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and an L-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel blocker, nimodipine, decreased the effect of S1P. This indicates that $Ca^{2+}$ influx may be required for muscle contraction by S1P. When stimulated with thapsigargin, an intracellular calcium chelator, or 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an $InsP_3$ receptor blocker, the S1P-evoked increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was significantly decreased. Treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of $G_i$-protein, suppressed the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ evoked by S1P. These results suggest that the S1P-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells occurs upon the activation of phospholipase C and subsequent release of $Ca^{2+}$ from the $InsP_3$-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ pool in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that S1P utilized extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ via the L type $Ca^{2+}$ channel, which was dependent on activation of the $S1P_4$ receptor coupled to PTX-sensitive $G_i$ protein, via phospholipase C-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ release from the $InsP_3$-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ pool in cat esophageal smooth muscle cells.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.453-459
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of video - based movement therapy program on emotional variables (anxiety, depression, panic disorder) and EEG on panic disorder patients. The following conclusions were obtained. The results of the 12 - week video - based behavior therapy program showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <.05) in the anxiety scale of the exercise group. There were statistically significant differences (p <.05) between the left brain L-Beta region of the exercise group and the left brain H-Beta and the right brain L-Beta regions of the control group and no significant difference was found between the groups. The results of this study suggest that the performance of the video-based behavioral therapy program for panic disorder patients did not affect the emotional variables and EEG changes. However, in the case of emotional variables, It is considered that the longer the program execution period, the more result will be obtained. In addition, it is expected that more positive study results can be expected if the program is run after having had enough familiarity and adaptation time of the operation treatment program omitted in this study.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 2023

Objective : This study analyzed the correlation between cognitive function and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). Methods : Demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted and utilized for subjects aged 45 years or older who participated in the 8th Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging in 2020. The dependent variable was the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, and the independent variable was the level of cognitive function classified by the Mini-Mental State Examination scores. The analysis method used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Then, the association between cognitive function and OHQoL was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results : Among the participants, 4,367 (71.40%) had normal cognition, 1,155 (18.89%) had moderate cognitive impairment, and 594 (9.71%) had severe cognitive impairment. As a result of analysis by applying IPTW, there was a negative correlation between the cognitive function group and OHQoL (normal vs. moderate: β = -2.534, p < .0001; normal vs. severe: β = -2.452, p < .0001). Conclusion : After propensity score matching, mild cognitive impairment showed a more negative association than severe cognitive impairment. Therefore, patients with cognitive impairment require oral health management education to improve OHQoL regardless of the level of cognitive impairment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1185-1193
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• 2023

The increasing interest in soil moisture data from satellite imagery for applications in hydrology, meteorology, and agriculture has led to the development of methods to produce variable-resolution soil moisture maps. Research on accurate soil moisture estimation using satellite imagery is essential for remote sensing applications. The purpose of this study is to generate a soil moisture estimation map for a test area using KOMPSAT-3/3A and KOMPSAT-5 SAR imagery and to quantitatively compare the results with soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission provided by NASA, with a focus on accuracy validation. In addition, the Korean Environmental Geographic Information Service (EGIS) land cover map was used to determine soil moisture, especially in agricultural and forested regions. The selected test area for this study is the western part of Jeju, South Korea, where input data were available for the soil moisture estimation algorithm based on the Water Cloud Model (WCM). Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery from KOMPSAT-5 HV and Sentinel-1 VV were used for soil moisture estimation, while vegetation indices were calculated from the surface reflectance of KOMPSAT-3 imagery. Comparison of the derived soil moisture results with SMAP (L-3) and SMAP (L-4) data by differencing showed a mean difference of 4.13±3.60 p% and 14.24±2.10 p%, respectively, indicating a level of agreement. This research suggests the potential for producing highly accurate and precise soil moisture maps using future South Korean satellite imagery and publicly available data sources, as demonstrated in this study.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.108-115
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• 2016

Even if ion pumps are widely and mostly used in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, virtually every existing ion pump has its maximum pumping speed around 1E-6 mbar (1E-4 Pa). Discharge intensity in the ion pump Penning cell is defined as the current divided by pressure (I/P). This quantity reflects the rate of cathode bombardment by ions, which underlies all of the various pumping mechanisms that occur in ion pumps (chemisorption on sputtered material, ion burial, etc.), and therefore is an indication of pumping speed. A study has been performed to evaluate the influence of magnetic fields and cell dimensions on the ion pump discharge intensity and consequently on the pumping speed at different pressures. As a result, a combination of parameters has been developed in order to design and build an ion pump with the pumping speed peak shifted towards lower pressures. Experimental results with several different test set-ups are presented and a prototype of a new 200 l/s ion pump with the maximum pumping speed in the 1E-8 mbar (1E-6 Pa) is described. A model of the system has also been developed to provide a framework for understanding the experimental observations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Kinetic studies were carried out for aquation of carbonatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complexes in [H+] aqueous solution by UV/VIS-spectrophotometry. The rate law that in deduced from rate data is $rate=k_H{^+}[H^+]^{1.4}$ {$[Co(en)_2(CO_3)]^+$}1.0 where $k_H{^+}$ is the rate constant considering acidic catalyst, $H^+$ ion whose value is $0.241l{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}sec^{-1}$. The values of activation parameters Ea, ${\Delta}H^{\ast}$ and ${\Delta}S^{\ast}$ were $15.33Kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, $14.52Kcal{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ and -57.49 e.u. respectively. On the basis of kinetic data and the observed activation parameters, we have proposed the mechanism that proceeds with two step protonations. The rate equation derived from the proposed mechanism has been in agreement with the observed rate equation. It has been seen that our modified mechanism for Harris's proton freequilibrium one prefer to the his concerted mechanism, and more the last product substitute $H_2O$ for $OH^-$ the Harris's mechanism in the acidity range 2 < pH < 5.