• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2003

The study was carried out to determine the effect of storage property and qualities on soybean sauce and paste by adding different amount of pyroligneous liquor obtained by sujpercritical fluid extraction(SFE). Purified pyroligneous liquor obtained by SFE at 4$0^{\circ}C$/110 bar contained p-cresol, o-cresol and m-cresol food sterilizers, but no toxic substances such as tar, scorched, furfuraland and monophenol. Thus pyroligneous liquor was considered to be suitable as natural food preservative. In case of soybean sauce, pyroligneous liquor was tested to determine the potential of natual food preservative to prevent flim formation on soybean ksauce 15days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Increasing amounts of purified pyroligneous liquor added to soybean sauce prevented film forming yeasts. In case of paste, pyroligneous liquor was tested to determine the potential of natural food preservative to inhibit browning on paste 60 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Purified pyroligneous liquor added to paste inhibited brown pigment. As a result, purified pyroligneous liquor offered a promising way of improving the quality and storage property of soybean sauce and paste.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2011

The n-doping effect by doping metal carbonate into an electron-injecting organic layer can improve the device performance by the balanced carrier injection because an electron ohmic contact between cathode and an electron-transporting layer, for example, a high current density, a high efficiency, a high luminance, and a low power consumption. In the study, first, we investigated an electron-ohmic property of electron-only device, which has a ITO/$Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$/Al structure. Second, we examined the I-V-L characteristics of all-ohmic OLEDs, which are glass/ITO/$MoO_x$-doped NPB (25%, 5 nm)/NPB (63 nm)/$Alq_3$ (32 nm)/$Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$(y%, 10 nm)/Al. The $MoO_x$doped NPB and $Rb_2CO_3$-doped fullerene layer were used as the hole-ohmic contact and electron-ohmic contact layer in all-ohmic OLEDs, respectively, Third, the electronic structure of the $Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$-doped interfaces were investigated by analyzing photoemission properties, such as x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet Photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), and Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, as a doping concentration at the interfaces of $Rb_2CO_3$-doped fullerene are changed. Finally, the correlation between the device performance in all ohmic devices and the interfacial property of the $Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$ thin film was discussed with an energy band diagram.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.737-744
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• 1997

Four-dimensional response surface methodology was used for optimizing preparation conditions and monitoring sensory quality of instant rice gruel prepared using oyster mushroom and brown rice. Water absorption time of brown rice and glutinous rice to prepare instant rice gruel were 50 hr at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;1\;hr\;at\;20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimum conditions predicted for each corresponding sensory properties of instant rice gruel were 47.58% (rate of brown rice in water-absorbed brown and glutinous rice), 569.68 mL (content of solution) and 52.40 min (heating time at $120^{\circ}C$) in viscosity of instant rice gruel, 47.15%, 568.49 mL and 53.04 min in taste of instant rice gruel, 44.06%, 558.54 mL and 53.84 min in mouth-feel of instant rice gruel, and 46.20%, 561.64 mL and 51.60 min in overall acceptance of instant rice gruel, respectively. The optimum conditions, which satisfy all sensory properties of rice gruel, were 44%, 620 mL and 56 min in rate of brown rice in water-absorbed brown and glutinous rice, content of solution and heating time, respectively. Sensory scores predicted at the optimum conditions were in good agreement with experimental sensory scores.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2007

Hexane extract of Porteresia coarctata (Roxb.) exhibits a toxic effect on the tissues of Spodoptera litura (F) while fed at the dose of 1000 and 2000 ppm thoroughly mixing with castor leaves (Ricinus communis L) after dissolving in DMSO at late fourth instar whereas only DMSO treated castor leaves were fed to control group. The larvae were put to rear at $28^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $76{\pm}4%$ R.H. under 12 L + 12 D photoperiodic regime. In test group insects substantial reduction of protein and DNA content was marked in fat body and midgut tissues compared to DMSO treated control group. The significant biochemical alterations in the midgut tissues and fat body of test group insects indicate the insecticidal property of the said plant extract that could be tested in facilitating the phenomenal stride in Integrated Pest Management.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.759-764
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• 2007

To investigate the effect of soaking and particle sizes on the properties of rice flour and gluten-free rice bread, wet-milled (WRF, dried at $20^{\circ}C$) and dry-milled rice flours (DRF) were passed through sieves (45 or 100 mesh). Soaking of the rice grains affected the particle size distribution of flour passed through the same size screen. The L and b values of WRF were higher than those of DRF and were not changed with decreasing particle sizes, but DRF increased L and decreased b values. The initial pasting temperatures and setback viscosities of both flours decreased with decreasing particle sizes. The swelling powers at $100^{\circ}C$ increased with decreasing particle sizes in DRF, but maintained in WRF. Starch granules were observed on the surface of flour particles in WRF. The apparent viscosity of WRF paste exhibited 3-5 times higher than that of DRF. Thus, wet milled rice flour with smaller particle sizes (${\phi}<150\;{\mu}m$) showed better properties for making gluten-free rice bread.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.779-787
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• 2017

Let m be the Lebesgue measure on ${\mathbb{C}}$ normalized to $m(D)=1,{\mu}$ be an invariant measure on D defined by $d_{\mu}(z)=(1-{\mid}z{\mid}^2)^{-2}dm(z)$. For $f{\in}L^1(D^n,m{\times}{\cdots}{\times}m)$, Bf the Berezin transform of f is defined by, $$(Bf)(z_1,{\ldots},z_n)={\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\nolimits_D}{\cdots}{\int\nolimits_D}}f({\varphi}_{z_1}(x_1),{\ldots},{\varphi}_{z_n}(x_n))dm(x_1){\cdots}dm(x_n)$$. We prove that if $f{\in}L^1(D^2,{\mu}{\times}{\mu})$ is radial and satisfies ${\int}{\int_{D^2}}fd{\mu}{\times}d{\mu}=0$, then for every bounded radial function ${\ell}$ on $D^2$ we have $$\lim_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\displaystyle\smashmargin{2}{\int\int\nolimits_{D^2}}}(B^nf)(z,w){\ell}(z,w)d{\mu}(z)d{\mu}(w)=0$$. Then, using the above property we prove n-harmonicity of bounded function which is invariant under the Berezin transform. And we show the same results for the weighted the Berezin transform in the polydisc.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.2792-2799
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• 1996

It was shown in the previous study that the numerically derived elastic work factor for CLS specimen was independent of fiber direction for a unidirectional case. Also, it was proposed the elastic work factor could be used to determine energy release rate from a single test record. In the present study, elastic work factor was derived from a simple beam theory to investigate its dependence on material property and geometric condition. Also, the elastic work factor of CLS specimen was applied experimentally to determine critical energy release rate in order to prove its validity determining critical energy release rate from a single specimen. For this purpose, critical energy release rate determined using the elastic work factor was compared with that determined by the compliance method. The results showed that while elastic work factor is affected by $t_2/t_1$ and $L_2/L_1$ it is independent of fiber angle for a unidirectional case. It was also found that critical energy release rates determined by both methods are comparable each other, thus elastic work factor approach can be used to determine energy release rate from a single test specimen.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.76-86
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• 2016

In this research, the dyeing properies of Amur cork tree on sheep leathers were evaluated. The proper dyeing conditions were identified with K/S values depending on the colorant concentration, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and dye bath pH. For the proper conditions, the changes of color for different mordants(Al, Cu and Fe) were observed as $L^*a^*b^*$ coordinates and H V/C values. The color fastnesses were also examined, and the antimicrobial properties were examined. The results were as follows: For the sheep leather, the optimized dyeing conditions were 300% o.w.f., 40 min., $40^{\circ}C$, and pH 5. The leather color was yellow in the dyeing and mordanting. Although the $L^*a^*b^*$ changed with the mordants and mordanting methods, the overall hue was yellow. The colorfastness to light was reduced compared to original(untreated) sheep leather. The rubbing fastness was generallry satisfactory as 4-5 rating. The dry-cleaning fastness(stain) of leathers were generally at the 4-5 level, but dry-cleaning fastness(fade) was a little reduced compared to original sheep leather. The dyed and pre-mordanted and dyed sheep leather showed excellent antimicrobial properties.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.6 s.102
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• pp.817-828
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• 2005

The main research problems in a mining frequent itemsets are reducing memory usage and processing time of the mining process, and most of the previous algorithms for finding frequent itemsets are based on an Apriori-property, and they are multi-scan algorithms. Moreover, their processing time are greatly increased as the length of a maximal frequent itemset. To overcome this drawback, another approaches had been actively proposed in previous researches to reduce the processing time. However, they are not efficient on a sparse .data set This paper proposed an efficient mining algorithm for finding frequent itemsets. A novel tree structure, called an $L_2$-tree, was proposed int, and an efficient mining algorithm of frequent itemsets using $L_2$-tree, called an $L_2$-traverse algorithm was also proposed. An $L_2$-tree is constructed from $L_2$, i.e., a set of frequent itemsets of size 2, and an $L_2$-traverse algorithm can find its mining result in a short time by traversing the $L_2$-tree once. To reduce the processing more, this paper also proposed an optimized algorithm $C_3$-traverse, which removes previously an itemset in $L_2$ not to be a frequent itemsets of size 3. Through various experiments, it was verified that the proposed algorithms were efficient in a sparse data set.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.589-592
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• 1999

This paper describes direct $\mu$C-Si/CaF$_2$/glass thin film growth by RPCVD system in a low temperature for thin film transistor (TFT), photovoltaic devices. and sensor applications. Experimental factors in a low temperature direct $\mu$ c-Si film growth are presented in terms of deposition parameters: SiH$_4$/H$_2$ ratio, chamber total pressure, substrate temperature, rf power, and CaF$_2$ buffer layer. The structural and electrical properties of the deposited films were studied by means of Raman spectroscopy, I-V, L-I-V, X-ray diffraction analysis and SEM. we obtain a crystalline volume fraction of 61%, preferential growth of (111) and (220) direction, and photosensitivity of 124. We achieved the improvement of crystallinity and electrical property by using the buffer layers of CaF$_2$ film.