• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 2009

The goal of this study was to improve the quality of cheonggukjang by the optimization of the inoculation methods of the Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) strains. In order to optimize the mixed cultivation of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, the B. subtilis strain was inoculated into steamed soybeans after cultivation of L. plantarum. Inoculation size of B. subtilis was changed to the simultaneous inoculation method in order to stimulate the growth of the L. plantarum in cheonggukjang. The viable cell count of L. plantarum increased from $2{\times}10^7$ CFU/g to $2-6{\times}10^8$ CFU/g and B. subtilis grew to $9{\times}10^8$ CFU/g. These results showed that 2 strains were successfully able to grow in the steamed soybean for good quality of cheonggukjang by optimization of the inoculation methods. The sensory evaluation indicated that a favorable aroma and overall acceptance of cheonggukjang by the optimized mixed cultivation of B. subtilis and L. plantarum, which was relatively higher than those of cheonggukjang by single strain inoculation of B. subtilis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 1992

The effect of a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis (L. lactis) on the growth and attachment of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and Brie 1 on stainless steel and their growth in Brain Heart Infusion broth was determined. Viable cells of Listeria decreased rapidly after 9~12 hr of incubation at $21^{\circ}C$ and after 6~9 hr of incubation at $32^{\circ}C$ in the presence of L. lactis. The number of L. monocytogenes Scott A attached to stainless steel in pure culture was $2.5{\times}10^3/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}21^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}2.3{\times}10^3/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}32^{\circ}C$ after 48 hr of incubation, but was only $10/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}21^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}1.1{\times}10/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}32^{\circ}C$ in the presence of L. lactis. Results from L. monocytogenes strain Brie 1 were similar to those from strain Scott A. The population of L. monocytogenes Scott A which attached to stainless steel with previously adherent L. lactis was $1.8{\times}10^2/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}21^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}8.2{\times}10^2/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}32^{\circ}C$, whereas the population attached to sterile stainless steel was $1.2{\times}10^3/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}21^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}2.1{\times}10^2/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}32^{\circ}C$. For L. monocytogenes Brie 1, the attached population of the control was $1.6{\times}10^4/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}21^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}3.2{\times}10^2/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}32^{\circ}C$, and on stainless steel with adherent L. lactis, it was $1.1{\times}10/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}21^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}6.9{\times}10/\textrm{cm}^2{\;}at{\;}32^{\circ}C$. Surface adherent L. lactis was less inhibitory to attachment of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel than a liquid culture inoculum. Listeria attached to stainless steel survived dry storage for 20 days both in the presence and absence of adherent lactococci.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1487-1495
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated collagen production and hyaluronic acid production effects for wrinkle improvement test on 50 kinds of land plants and 10 kinds of marine plants native to Jeju Island as a part of developing customized cosmetic materials. Collagen and hyaluronic acid are recognized as major factors affecting skin aging. Cerastium holosteoides var. hallaisanense Mizushima extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) produced more than 190% of collagen in the extracts of 50 kinds of land plants. Vicia angustifolia var. segetilis K. Koch. extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) produced more than 160% of collagen. Ftsia japonica Decne. et Planch. extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Euonymus japonica Thunb. extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Suaeda malacosperma H.Hara extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Elaeagnus umbelellata Thunb. extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Sedum oryzifolium Makino extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Vicia unijuga A. Br. extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), and Brassica juncea var. integrifolia Sinsk. extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 140% collagen production effect. Among the 10 species of marine plants, Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agardh extract ($50{\mu}g/mL$) produced more than 190% of collagen, and Carpopeltis angusta (Harvey) Okamura extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Codiumcoactum Okamura extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), and Codium tenuifolium S. Shimada, T. Tadano & J. Tanaka extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 140% collagen production. Suaeda malacosperma H.Hara extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) showed the effect of producing hyaluronic acid more than 140%, and Ftsia japonica Decne. et Planch. extract ($20{\mu}g/mL$) and Wistaria floribunda A.P. DC extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 130% hyalunonic acid production effect. Among the 10 species of marine plants, Peyssonnelia capensis Montagne extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) was the most effective. Carpopeltis angusta (Harvey) Okamura extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), Codiumcoactum Okamura extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$), and Codium tenuifolium S. Shimada, T. Tadano & J. Tanaka extract ($100{\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 120% hyalunonic acid production. Jeju resources, which have good collagen and hyaluronic acid production, showed the potential to be applied to solve the skin troubles of customized cosmetics in the future.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 1999

A potentiometric biosensor employing a CO3-2 ion-selective electrode(ISE) and malic enzyme immobilization in al flow injection analysis (FIA) system was constructed. Analytical parameters were optimized for L-malate determination . The CO3-2 -ISE-FIA system was composed of a pump, an injector, a malic enzyme (EC1.1.1.40) reactor, a CO3-2 ion-selective electrode, a pH/mV meter and a recorder. Cofactor NADP was also injected with substrate for theenzyme reaction into the system. Optimized analytical parameters for L-malate determination in the CO3-2 ISE-FIA system were as follows ; flow rate, 14.5ml/hr ; sample injection volume, 100ul; enzyme loading in the reactor, 20 units ; length of the enzyme reactor , 7 cm ; tubing length form the enzyme reactor to the detector as a geometric factor in FIA, 15 cm . The response time for measuring the entire L-malate concentration range (10-2 ~10-5 mol/L ; 4 injections )was <15minutes . In this CO3-2 -ISE-FIA system, the potential differences due to th eformation of CO3-2 by the reaction of malic enzyme on L-malate were correlated to L-malate concentration in the range of 10-2 ~10-5mol/L ; the detection limit was 10-5 mol/L. This potentionmetric CO3-2 ISE--FIA system was found to be useful for L-malate measurement.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2000

The obseuations on the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton community in Haechang Bay of the Korean southern sea were carried out during four seasons from 1997 to 1998. A total of 77 species of phytoplankton including 10 freshwater species, belonging to 51 Benera was identified. Seasonal succession of dominant species was evident in Haechang Bay; Chaetoceros cunisetus, Skeletonema costatum, Eurampia zodiacus, Dictyocha fibula and Ceratium furca in summer, C. curisetus in autunm, C. cunisetus Rhizosoienia setigera and E. zodiacus in winter and S. costatum in spring. The phytoplankton community in Haechang Bay showed various species composition and was occupied with centric diatoms all the year round, Densities of the phytoplankton cell number by the samples of Haechang Bay ranged from $8.4{\times}10^3\;cells/l\;to\;2.0{\times}10^5\;cells/l$ with the mean value of $9.2{\times}10^4\;cells/l$ in summer, from $3.2{\times}10^3\;cells/l\;to\;4.6{\times}10^6\;cells/l$ with mean of $6,2{\times}10^4\;cells/l$ in autumn, from $8.4{\times}10^3\;cells/l\;to\;4.3{\times}10^4\;cells/l$ with mean $2.2{\times}10^4\;cells/l$ in winter and from $1.0{\times}\;10^3\;cells/l to\;4.6{\times}10^4\;cells/l$, with mean of $1.1{\times}10^4\;cells/l$ in spring. Phytoplankton standing crops fluctuated with an annual mean of $4.7{\times}10^4 cells/l$ between the lowest value of $1.0{\times}10^3\;cells/l$ in spring and the highest value of $4.6{\times}10^5 cells/l$ in autumn, That is, phytoplankton standing crops was high in summer and autumn, while it was very low in winter and spring.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of GA₃ solution dipping treatment after 1 days full bloom on spike growth and fruit quality at harvest of 'Campbell Early' grapevine. The fruit cluster growth(weight, length, width) and fruit stalk(diameter, length) at harvest were increased significantly by GA₃ 10 mg·L^-1 solution dipping treatment compared to control and another concentration. The berry growth (berry No, weight, length, diameter) at harvest showed no difference by treatment GA₃ concentration different. Spike weight was increased by GA₃ 5, 10, 20, mg·L^-1 treatment compared to control, but no difference GA₃ 40 mg·L^-1 treatment. The degree of compact berry, bloom, skin color and SSC at harvest by GA₃ solution dipping treatment were not significantly different from those of control. but increased seedlessness induction by GA₃ 10 mg·L^-1 treatment. The occurrence percent of berry cracking by GA₃ 5, 10, 20, 40 mg·L^-1 treatment significantly decreased. The bitter rot of berry harvest showed no difference by treatment GA₃ concentration different. Total spike length was increased by GA₃ 5, 10 mg·L^-1 treatment compared to control and GA₃ 20, 40 mg·L^-1 treatment. The spike length of 1st from 15th to position increased by GA₃ 10 mg·L^-1 treatment.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.372-375
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• 2000

Lactobacillus cristatus KLB 46 isolated from Korean woman was grown on supplemented whey medium and medium compositions were optimized for maximum viable cell count. Among the nitrogen sources tested, beef extract yielded the highest viable cell number. When corn steep liquor was applied as an additional nitrogen source, the viable cell number was highest $(3.11{\times}10^9\;CFU/ml)$ in the medium containing 50g/ l corn steep liquor and 10g/ l beef extract. The highest viable cell $count(5.00{\times}10^9\;CFU/ml)$ was obtained from the supplemented whey medium that contains beef extract(10g/ l ), corn steep liquor(50g/ l ), tween 80(0.1%, v/v) and trace amounts of sodium acetate(5g/ l ), dipotassium phosphate(2g/ l ), magnesium sulfate(0.1g/ l ), and manganese sulfate (0.05g/ l ).

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2015

In this paper, newly proposed dual-band microstrip antennas using stacked inverted-L-shaped parasitic elements are presented for GPS $L_1(1.575GHz)$ and $L_2(1.227GHz)$ bands. For making dual band which has large interval, ${\lambda}/4$($L_1$ band) inverted-L-shaped parasitic elements were stacked at both side of radiation apertures on the half-wavelength($L_2$ band) patch antennas. The resonance in the parasitic elements occurs through coupling to the patch. Next, due to using circular polarization at GPS, ${\lambda}/4$($L_1$ band) inverted-L-shaped parasitic elements was stacked using sequential rotation technique on the patch and both side of the diagonal corners of the antenna were eliminated to make dual-band circular polarization. The designed circular polarized antenna's dimensions are $0.43{\lambda}L{\times}0.43{\lambda}L{\times}0.06{\lambda}L$ (${\lambda}L$ is the free-space wavelength at 1.227 GHz). Measured -10 dB bandwidths was 120 MHz(7.6%) and 82.5 MHz(6.7%) at GPS $L_1$ and $L_2$ bands. and 3 dB axial ration bandwidths are 172 MHz(10.9%) and 25 MHz(2.03%), respectively. All of these cover the respective required system bandwidths. Within each of the designed bands, broadside radiation patterns were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1016-1024
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• 2000

The study was conducted to develop a rapid method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using hemolysin gene (hlyA) primers. Specificity and sensitivity of PCR, optimal conditions for PCR and application of hlyA gene primers for the detection of L. monocytogenes from milk and beef were investigeted. Each of the 20 L. monocytogenes strains gave a single 713 bp band, but other Listeria sup. and other bacteria did not show any bands. As few as 1 pg of L. monocytogenes DNA or 2.4$\times$10$^4$L. monocytogenes cells could be detected with hlyA gene primers. PCR product was most improved at 20~30 cycle in terms of removal of tailing and sensitivity. Also, the sensitivity was significantly improved by the further 10~15 cycle after 20 cycle PCR amplication. Milk (10 mL) and beef (10 g) samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes at the concentrations ranging from 0 to 10$^{7}$ CFU/mL or g to determine the best sensitivity of PCR for the rapid detection of L. monocytogenes. PCR assay could detect 2 cells in milk with repeating PCR amplication and 2.6$\times$10$^2$cells in beef sample after 24 hr enrichment growth at 35$^{\circ}C$ in LEB.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 2003

Previously, protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine and palmatine have been found to lower dopamine content in PC12 cells (Shin et at., 2000). In this study, the effects of berberine and palmatine on L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine level and cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Treatment of PC12 with L-DOPA at concentration ranges of 20∼50 $\mu$M increased dopamine content and the increase in dopamine levels by L-DOPA was inhibited by 10∼40 $\mu$M berberine and 10∼80 $\mu$M palmatine, which the concentration ranges did not show a cytotoxicity. However, berberine and palmatine at concentrations higher than 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M caused a cytotoxicity, respectively. In addition, berberine (10∼20 $\mu$M) and palmatine (10∼50 $\mu$M) at non-cytotoxic concentration ranges aggravated L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells (L-DOPA concentration ranges, 20∼50 $\mu$M). The L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity was also significantly potentiated by berberine (50 $\mu$M) and palmatine (100 $\mu$M) with cytotoxic ranges. These data demonstrate that berberine and palmatine inhibit L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine content and stimulate L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the possibility that the long-term L-DOPA treated patients with berberine and palmatine could be checked the adverse symptoms.