• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2013

Purpose: Early diagnosis and treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children is of special importance in order to prevent serious complications. This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in children with acute pyelonephritis. Methods: Eighty-seven patients between 1 month to 12 years old with urinary tract infection (UTI) were divided into 2 groups based on the result of 99m-technetium dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan: acute pyelonephritis (n=37) and lower UTI (n=50) groups. White blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil (Neutl) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, platelet count, and serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations of both groups were measured and compared. Results: There was a significant difference between two groups regarding WBC count, Neutl count, ESR, and CRP concentration (P<0.05). In addition, the difference between the two groups regarding serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations was not significant (IL-6, 60 and 35.4 pg/mL and IL-8, 404 and 617 pg/mL, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of serum IL-6 and IL-8 for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis were 73%, 42% and 78%, 32%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of serum IL-6 and IL-8 were less than those of acute phase serum reactants such as CRP. Conclusion: This study showed that there was no significant difference between acute pyelonephritis and lower UTI groups regarding serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Therefore, despite confirming results of previous studies, it seems that IL-6 and IL-8 are not suitable markers for differentiating between acute pyelonephritis and lower UTI.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2001

상수원수중 조류에 의해 발생하는 이취미물질인 2-MIB 및 Geosmin의 전처리방법에 따른 회수율 조사와 이들 물질의 효과적인 처리를 위한 회분식 실험에서의 제거효율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전처리 방법에 따른 2-MIB 및 Geosmin의 회수율은 0.2 및 $2\;{\mu}g/L$ 농도에서 모두 시료채취량을 30 mL, 염석제인 NaCl를 9 g 주입하고, SPME syring주입 위치를 headspace로 하며, 흡착시간를 40분 이상으로 하였을 경우가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 최적전처리 조건에서의 회수율은 0.2 및 $2\;{\mu}g/L$ 농도에서 2-MIB의 경우 각각 약 85 및 95%, Geosmin의 경우 61 및 81%로 조사되었다. 회분식 실험에서의 2-MIB 및 Geosmin의 각 농도별 제거효율은 모든 흡착제에서 증류수를 사용하여 조제하였을 경우가 상수원수로 조제하였을 경우에 비해 높았고, 상수원수로 조제하였을 경우에는 농도에 따라서는 별 차이가 없었다. 흡착제의 종류에 따라 Freundrich 등온흡착식에 적응한 결과 흡착능력을 나타내는 K값은 제올라이트, 석탄계 활성탄 및 야자계 활성탄에서 2-MIB이 경우 각각 약 0.671, 1.811 및 1.340이었고, Geosmin의 경우 각각 약 0.613, 1.771 및 1.519로서, 2-MIB 및 Geosmin 모두 석탄계 활성탄 > 야자계 활성탄 > 제올라이트 순이었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

Wangsong Reservoir needs a systematic approach that can control water purity and water quality improvement. This study was carried out to assess the seasonal variation of water quality and the effect of pollutant being loaded from watershed in a sallow eutrophic reservoir(Wangsong Reservoir) from March to November, 2011. Wangsong Reservoir, located in Uiwang City, has the capacity of 2 million $m^{3}$ in irrigation water supply with the drainage of 4.2 $km^{2}$. Average concentrations of BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, and Chloropyll-a in Wangsong Reservoir were 5.8 mg/L, 9.7 mg/L, 4.299 mg/L, 0.106 mg/L and 73.1 mg/$m^{3}$, respectively. In the inflow streams and treated sewage of Wangsong Reservoir, the T-N concentrations of 4.114 - 14.619 mg/L were higher than those in the Reservoir and the other pollutants were lower. As a result of investigation, Wangsong Reservoir exceeded the agricultural water standard level due to algal growth and accumulation from the upper streams and sewage. In order to achieve the targeted water quality in Wangsong Reservoir, it is required to be decreased in pollutants of internal and inflow streams.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) plays a key role in thyroid hormone production by efficiently accumulating iodide from the circulating blood into the thyocytes, and this is done against an electrochemical gradient. Thyroid transcription factor-l (TTF-l) is a homeodomain-containing protein expressed in embryonic diencephalons, thyroid, and lung and has been found to bind to thyroid specific promoters and to activate their transcriptional activity. TTF-l may be one of the factors capable of activating NIS gene expression in the thyroid gland, thus it accounts for the lower levels of NIS gene expression that are seen in the extrathyroidal tissues. However, a high frequency of TTF-l expression has been observed, especially in primary lung adenocarcinoma. The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the relationship between the expression of NIS and TTF-l in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies for NIS and TTF-l were performed in 64 primary lung adenocarcinomas. Immunoreactivities for NIS and TTF-l were found in 49 (76.6%) and 45 (70.3%) out of 64 cases, respectively. Forty-one (83.7%) of the 49 cases with positive NIS immunoreactivity showed positive TTF-l expression, whereas 11 (73.3%) of the 15 cases with negative NIS immunoreactivity showed negative TTF-l expression (P<0.05). So the NIS expression was significantly associated with the TTF-l expression. These findings suggest that TTF-l may be one of the factors capable of activating NIS gene expression in primary lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies are needed to define the relation between NIS and TTF-l for examining the mechanisms of tissue-specific NIS expression.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2003

우리나라 주변해역에 서식하는 주요 어종의 체장식별에 필요한 음향반사강도의 data bank를 구축하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 대형음향수조에서 부세의 체장에 따른 음향반사강도를 측정하고, 그 반사강도의 체장 의존성 및 KRM 산란모텔에 의한 이론 반사강도와 측정치를 비교, 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 체장의 범위가 21.0-32.5 cm인, 총 13마리의 부세를 대상으로 구한 평균반사강도패턴에서 최대 반사강도는 tilt angle이 -13.35$^{\circ}$ 인 입사방향에서 나타났고, 이 때의 반사강도는 -35.13 ㏈ 이었다. 2. 부세의 체장 (fork length, cm)과 평균반사강도의 사이에는 다음의 회귀직선식이 성립하였다. TS=23. 76log(L) -73.45(r=0.47) TS=20log(L) -67.35이 결과로부터 부세의 반사강도는 체장의 2.376승에 비례하는 경향을 나타내었고, 체장변환계수는 체장의 2승에 근사시켜 구한 값 보다 6.1 ㏈ 더 낮게 나타났다. 이들의 결과는 향후 체장어군탐지기의 체장변환계수의 값으로서 활용될 것으로 판단된다. 3. 평균체장은 25.59 cm인 총 13마리의 부세에 대한 반사강도의 빈도분포로부터 구한 반사강도는 -41.23 ㏈이었고, 이 값으로부터 구한 체장변환계수는 -69.72 ㏈이었다. 4. KRM model에 의한 부세의 이론반사강도는 L/λ 비가 15보다 작은 영역에서는 파동상의 변화를 나타내면서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 15보다 큰 영역에서는 매우 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 5. 부세의 평균반사강도의 측정치는 KRM 산란모델에 의한 예측치보다 전반적으로 낮은 경향을 나타내었고, 보다 정량적인 분석을 위해서는 광범위한 주파수 범위에 대한 실험이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.381-396
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• 2004

In order to understand the precipitation acidity and chemical composition of ion species in Iksan area as well as to know the difference of chemical characteristics in precipitation samples from the viewpoint of precipitation sampling method, precipitation samples were collected by wet-only automatic precipitation sampler and bulk manual precipitation sampler in Iksan, from March 2003 to August 2003. The mean pH of precipitation was 5.0. There was a little significant difference in the mean value of pH between automatic and manual sampler. However, pH values of some precipitation samples were lower in automatic sampler than in manual sampler, especially in case of precipitation samples with small rainfall for March 2003. The mean concentrations of each ions in precipitation were generally a little higher in precipitation samples collected by the manual sampler than in those collected by the automatic sampler because of accumulation of dry deposition on the surface of glass funnel installed at the manual sampler during the sampling period or no rainfall. Dominant species determining the acidity of precipitation, were N $H_4$$^{[-10]}$ and nss-C $a^{2+}$ for cations and nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ for anions. The mean concentration of N $H_4$$^{+}$ and nss-C $a^{2+}$ were 31 $\mu$eq/L and 9 $\mu$eq/L for the automatic sampler and 40 ueq/L and 16 ueq/L for the manual sampler, respectively. In addition, nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ were 27 $\mu$eq/L and 13 $\mu$eq/L for the automatic sampler and 32 $\mu$eq/L and 17 $\mu$eq/L for the manual sampler, respectively. Although the concentrations of the acidifying ions of nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$ and N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ were about 3 times higher than those for foreign pristine sites, precipitation acidity were estimated to be natural due to the neutralization reaction of the alkaline species of N $H_4$$^{+}$ and nss-C $a^{2+}$ with its higher concentrations. Considering the ratios of nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$/N $O_4$$^{[-10]}$ nss-S $O_4$$^{2-}$, it was found that ammonium sulphate was dominant in Iksan precipitation. The major non-sea salt ions were maximum concentrations for March, but decreased with increasing of precipitation amount.on amount.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2014

하수슬러지를 혐기성 소화하는 과정에서 용출되는 용존성질소는 다시 수처리시설로 반송되어 질산화 효율이 떨어지는 동절기 법적 방류수 질소 수질기준에 영향을 준다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 소프트웨어(GPS-X)를 이용하여 A하수처리시설을 대상으로 소화조에서 발생하는 용존성질소의 영향을 조사한 결과, 소화조가 있는 처리시설에서의 총 반송수와 1차침전지 유입수 용존성질소 농도는 소화조가 없는 시설에서의 농도보다 각각 214.1 mg/L, 6.2 mg/L 높게 산출되었다. 슬러지 처리시설에서의 반송수를 처리하는 반송수처리시설(부상분리조)을 설치하는 경우 총반송수 용존성질소 농도는 반송수처리시설이 없는 경우보다 6.0 mg/L 높게 나타났으며 1차침전지 유입수 용존성질소 농도를 0.7 mg/L 낮게 산정되었다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 하수슬러지를 혐기성소화하여 에너지자립화율을 향상시키는 사업에서 슬러지 처리시설에서 발생하는 여액과 상등액의 용존성질소($NH_3-N$)를 처리할 수 있는 시설이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2017

In order to investigate the quality characteristics of Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. preserved in sugar, the quality characteristics were examined by dividing them into four groups: PS-A (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 100:0, w/w), PS-B (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 60:40, w/w), PS-C (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 40:60, w/w) and PS-D (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 0:100, w/w). The results were as follows: pH levels and soluble solid contents of PS-D sample were lower than those of the others, however total acidity value were higher. In case of Hunter's value, the 'L', 'a' and 'b' values of all samples were affected by addition of oligosaccharides. No great difference occurred among samples in reducing sugar contents. Organic acid content was significantly decreased with the lower addition of sucrose. The predominating organic acid components analyzed in all samples were lactic acid 156.15 g/100 g, tartaric acid 72.75 g/100 g and citric acid 32.90 g/100 g. The highest contents of total phenol and flavonoid, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were $10.79{\pm}0.55mg\;GAE/mL$, $8.71{\pm}0.06mg\;CE/mL$ and 71.8%, 71.0% for PS-D, respectively. The results of this study indicated the use of oligosaccharides could increase the quality and antioxidant potentials of P. persica preserved in sugar.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2012

본 연구는 고등어육을 수도수 수세한 것(Tap water washing, TWW)과 전해수 수세한 것(Electrolytic water washing, EWW)의 일반성분과 색차 그리고 SDS-전기영동을 통하여 수세효과를 확인하였다. EWW 고등어육 잔사의 수분함량은 TWW경우보다 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 단백질함량은 TWW경우보다 EWW 경우가 1%정도 더 감소하였다. 조지방의 경우도 단백질결과와 같았다. 전해수에 수세한 것에 비해 수도수에 수세한 처리구가 명도값이 높았다. 적색도는 낮아지는 경향이었으나 수도수와 전해수모두 2회 이상의 수세에서는 감소하는 경향은 유의하지 않았다(p<0.05). 황색도는 처리구 모두 수세횟수에 관계없이 유의하지 않은 결과 였다. 전기영동에 의한 단백질 패턴변화를 확인한 결과 EWW 잔사물이 TWW 잔사물 보다 더 진한 즉, 염용성 단백질 band(205KD) 부분이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 적색육 어묵산업에서 EWW가 TWW보다 나을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of soil condition that previous crop cultivated after [TO: Soil of corn cultivated, T1 : Soil of rye monoculture cultivated(l50kg/ha), T2 : Soil of mixedculture cultivated(Rye : Red clover = 120 : 3koa). T3 : Soil of mixed-culture cultivated(Rye : Red clover = 90 : 6kg/ ha), T4 : Soil of mixedculture cultivated(Rye : Red clover = 60 : 9kg/ha), T5 : Soil of mixedculture cultivated (Rye: Red clover = 30 : 12kg/ha), T6 : Soil of red clover monoculture cultivated(l5kgha)) on the growth characteristics and nutrient yield of silage corn. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The plant length of silage corn was high in order of T6>T5>T4 treatment. In the leaf length, T5 and T6 treatment showed short compared to the other treatments, but they were wider than the other treatments in leaf width. In the number of leaf, T6 treatment was the highest as 14 leaves per plant, while T1 treatment showed lower than the other treatments as 12.6 leaves per plant. 2. In the stem hardness, ear length, ear width and ear full degree, soil treatment of red clover mono-culture cultivation(T6) showed higher than the other treatment as 5.1 1kg/$cm^2$, 20.8~~1, 7.7cm and 97%. respectively (P<0.01, 0.05). Ihe leaf of summer depression did not many occurrence, but T6 treatment was lower than the other treatment as 0.8 leaf per plant. 3. ADF and NDF composition were not affected by soil condition. Crude protein composition of T6 treatment was the highest as 7.8%. while TI treatment was the lowest as 6.9%. Fresh weight yield(59,083kg/ha), dry matter yield(21,743kg/ha), crude protein yield(l,369kg/ha) and TDN yield(15,800kg/ha) at T6 treatment were much more increased by 41.9, 47.5, 57.4 and 49% than TI treatment(39,410, 14,259, 827 and 10,056kg/ha).