• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.274-279
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• 2018

To evaluate the antioxidant activities of Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds, their total phenolic compound content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical and ONOO-scavenging activities were compared using their water and methanol extracts. The effective compounds were identified and quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS. The DPPH and ONOO-scavenging activities were the highest in the Korean Torreya seeds. After using GC-MS to identify the active compounds, a total of eight compounds were identified in Korean Torreya seeds, and five compounds were found in Chinese Torreya seeds. In conclusion, we could confirm the antioxidant activity and the difference between active compounds of the Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds; we also confirmed the superiority of Korean Torreya seeds. Futhermore, this basic data about the Korean and Chinese Torreya seeds can be provided to consumers, so that they can select proper and suitable functional foods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.160-174
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• 2005

Despite the decrease in the number of children due to low birth rate, the domestic children's apparel market has been achieving steady growth as family income is rising thanks to more opportunities for working women, parents spend more on their children, and they prefer brand products that make their children look special. In addition, the market is suffering from hard competition as large enterprises have joined the race. The present study purposed to survey the children's apparel market in Korea, which is in a transitional period, and to contribute to the development of the market with Korean brands. For this purpose, we analyzed the characteristics of children's apparel brands in the 21st century based on the current state of the domestic children's apparel market and, based on the findings, forecasted the future trend of children's apparel brands, suggested improvements for expected problems, proposed standards for coping with changes such as diversification, high quality and differentiation in the children's apparel market, and provided consumers with information on how to purchase products. According to the result of analyzing the characteristics of children's apparel brands in the 21st century, brands are categorized largely into four types - life cultural brands, functional product brands, character brands and brands advancing to China. Life cultural brands equipped with all necessities for children are expanding, and with the deepening social problems of environmental pollution and the reduction of the child population, functional products made of environment-friendly materials are spreading widely, targeting infants and children. Furthermore, for extending age targets and diversifying products, children's apparel is using characters. The use of characters is expected to have a considerable effect on the growth of brands because children are more subjective as consumers than before and they are more easily persuaded with characters. Domestic children's apparel brands advancing to China have a high expectation of success in overcoming the limitation of the local market that has reached its peak and growing into global brands. Korean apparel makers are struggling to overcome the depressed domestic market, to recover consumers' consumption, to cope with market opening, to pursue high value of sensibility and to expand the seniors' market, etc. In this situation, future trends of children's apparel brands will be the expansion of family brands, brand totalization, quality price, niche market (pre-teen market), etc. In response to these trends, we made the following suggestions for improvement. 1. Children's apparel brands are evolving into family brands as well as into total brands through voluming. Today, however, apparel makers are advancing to the children's apparel market with the concept of adults' apparel and, as a result, children's apparel is merely adults' apparel of reduced size, having problems in design, color and materials. Thus, apparel makers must develop design considering the wide range of size and the characteristics of children's apparel, strengthen sourcing abilities to create revenues, and make thorough survey of customers to find common denominators between adults' apparel and children's apparel considering that characteristic that the target class is different from the buyer class. Furthermore, they must make active investments in human resources, develop outstanding products through advanced planning and design, and support marketing techniques and management systems to stores. 2. As the declining birth rate will continue to have a negative effect on the market, it may be difficult to expand the market size but there is still a margin for growth through high-sensibility and high-quality products. The competitiveness of brands is determined by their market shares. Accordingly, concepts should be specialized according to lifestyle, customers' diverse needs should be satisfied, and cross-coordination should be achieved within a brand. 3. Considering Korean parents who do not spare investment in their children despite shrinking consumption, functional products must be high value-added goods that can enhance efficiency. However, in the current situation of the infants' apparel industry where a textile manufacturer supply its products to multiple brands, it is difficult to develop unique products only based on materials. Thus, it is considered urgent to appeal to consumers not by relying on materials only but by finding methods of applying their own characters to children's dress.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-63
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• 1989

Geochemical characteristics of the Guryongsan (Ogcheon) uraniferous black slate show that this is an analogue to the conventional Chattanooga and Alum shales in occurrences. Whereas, its highest enrichment ratio in metals including uranium, among others, is explained by the cyclic sedimentation of the black muds and quartz-rich silts, and the uniform depositional condition with some what higher pH condition compared to the conditions of the known occurrences. The cyclic sedimentation, caused by the periodic open and close of the silled basin, has brought about the flush-out) of the uranium depleted water and the recharge with the new metal-rich sea water, which consequently contributed to the high concentration of metals in mud. The metal-rich marine black muds, which mostly occur in the early to middle Palaeozoic times, is attributed by the geologic conditions which related to the atmospheric oxygen contents, and these are scarcely met in the late Precambrian and/or with the onset of Palaeozoic era in the geologic evolution of the earth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify whether the cranes had been bred in the palace of the Joseon Dynasty period and to consider the related cases. The temporal range of this study is in the Joseon Dynasty period, and the spatial range is throughout the entire palace, including the naejeon(內殿) and oijeon(外殿), and government offices inside(闕內各司) and government offices outside(闕外各司). The reference materials for this study were partly extracted and translated from the original documents to consider, and a Korean version of documents was used in the database of the Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the cranes were bred from the early Joseon Dynasty Era in Uijeongbu, the highest government office in the Joseon Dynasty period. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, crane breeding in Uijeongbu(議政府) seems to have been suspended due to the damage to the government building and the change in the status of the government office. Second, crane breeding in Hongmungwan(弘文館), which was responsible for the classics colloquium(經筵) and public opinions and assisted the king by the side, continued from the early Joseon Dynasty period(Jungjong's Era) to the late Joseon Dynasty period(Jeongjo's Era) after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Third, in the Jeongjo's Era, the cranes were also bred in Gyujanggak(奎章閣), which was newly established as the central institution of learning to strengthen the royal authority. At that time, it seems that several cranes were bred in Gyujanggak. Fourth, it is judged that 'Crane breeding' in the core government offices of Joseon, such as Uijeongbu, Hongmungwan, and Gyujanggak, was meaningful as a symbol of identities, such as the status and character of the institution. Fifth, it seems that the cranes bred in the palace, including Hongmungwan, were conventionally brought by the Baecheon County of Hwanghae-do. This convention caused minor conflicts between the central and local government offices during the Yeongjo's Era, but it seems to have continued throughout the Jeongjo's Era. In this study, there is a limit that most of the studies were conducted based on local data. If further data discovery and translation outcomes are accumulated in the future, more abundant cases will be identified. The deepened follow-up studies are also needed, other than the cases of rearing cranes in the local government offices and temples.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.17-26
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• 2012

Suncheon is a city comprising a rural and urban area, where there are four types of large stores. Studies have shown that there are too many large stores serving the local population of just 300,000. However, geographically, Suncheon is located at a transportation hub that borders the cities of Gwangyang and Yeosu as well as the local counties of Boseong and Gurae. Residents of these areas can reach these shopping stores within an hour's drive. Thus, the managers of these four stores regard residents in these areas as their valued customers and endeavor to create a differentiated image among them. In this study, 13 different images were used to determine the public's opinions and feelings towards these stores and the differences were analyzed. The store images measured overall store impression, diversity of the product, the quality of products displayed at the store, accessibility, the atmosphere, service to the customers, and so on. These images are evaluated subjectively by each customer and are major factors in them deciding to revisit the stores. The 13 images are classified into five main categories and further classified into 13 sub-categories. Three kinds of factor images were extracted from the store images in the five main categories by factor analysis using SPSS Ver. 19. The first factor image was extracted from the images of convenience, atmosphere, and service in the main categories and is called a sub-service factor for the store in this study. Accessibility to the store was classified as a convenience image in the main category and was extracted as a common factor along with diversity and the price of goods. These differences are expected according to the store location, that is, the difference between stores located in a large city and those in a small local city, and depending on the nature of survey respondents. The result shows that there is a significant difference between the stores' images with regard to accessibility, the price of products, brand image, and lighting/sound image. This study has the following limitations. First, the survey sample was restricted to residents of a small local city that includes rural and urban populations. The differences between the store images regarding traffic and accessibility are factored by store location, whether they are located within a large or a small city as well as the economic situation of these cities. Second, only the customers of large-scale stores were included in the survey as respondents. Relatively large traditional markets are held every five days in local cities and there is competition between large-scale stores and traditional markets with regard to diversity and the price of goods. It could be expected that customers in large-scale stores and customers in traditional markets would hold different store images. In future studies, images of stores in large cities should be compared with the images of stores located in small local cities. In addition, customer behavior when buying goods in large-scale stores should be compared with their behavior when buying goods in traditional markets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.376-387
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• 1990

A research effort has been made to determine soil buffer capacity in forest soils nearby urban and industrialized regions. Buffer capacities of soils from four regions were measured by different pH levels of artificial acid precipitation. The following conclusions have been drawn in response to the overall research objectives. Soil Suffer capacity was the highest in Kangwondo followed by Uisan, Yeochon and Seoul when simulated acid precipitation were treated at the level of pH 3.0-5.7. With the acid precipitation treatment below pH 2.0 level, however, the capacity dropped seriously with no significant differences between the regions. In Kangwondo region soils weathered from granite and limestone showed significant differences in the buffer capacities. Soil collected in Seoul and Ulsean revealed that the capacities tended to increase with the distance from the pollution sources when treated at pH 3.0, 4.5 and 5.7 level of acid precipitation. The major mechanism of soil buffer observed during simulated acid precipitation experiment was canon exchange for Kangwondo forest soils. In Seoul region canon exchange also played an important role in soil buffering under artificial acid precipitation between 3.0 and 5.7 pH levels, yet under pH 2.0 level aluminum and silicate hydrolysis. In Ulsan canon exchange was a msjor determinant for the buffer capacity above pH 4.5 level, between pH 3.0-4.5 aluminum hydrolysis and below pH 3.0 aluminum and silicate hydrolysis. In Yeochon silicate hydrolysis led buffer capacity above pH 4.5 and below pH 4.5 aluminum hydrolysis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

The cases of unidentified individual remains submitted to Forensic dentistry section in National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Korea were analyzed to study the application of forensic dental identification into individual identification in the period 2002-2005. The identification cases of unidentified remains were 405 out of 493, which accounted about 82% of whole cases. The incidence of submission of skeletons at least including the skull was increased from 58% in 2002 to 80% in 2005. The numbers of cases for the full examinations were 4 times more than that for age estimation in 2005. Twenty-four cases were submitted for skull to photographic superimposition and 15 out of 24 cases were examined, and the other 9 cases were examined by DNA analysis only. The submitted cases for dental comparison were 23 cases, 9 cases were positively identified, 4 cases were possible, 7 cases were excluded, and 3 cases ended up with insufficient evidences. The proportion of positive identification by dental methods was increased gradually from 9% in 2002 to 46% in 2005. Forensic dental identification has become important and useful because the availability of dental records and radiographs has been increasing. Compared to DNA analysis, forensic dental identification has several advantages such as no needs for high cost equipments and low expenses. And the interpretation of results is straightforward and speedy. These advantages are based on using primary their own dental records of the individuals rather than secondary DNA reference samples from family members. The application of the forensic dental identification to unidentified individual remains will be increased because the dental comparison can complement the limitation of DNA analysis and skull to photographic superimposition in many cases. In order to obtain positive identifications of unidentified remains, a close collaboration between the police and forensic scientists is important. The systemic approach including legislation to preserve dental records of unidentified remains and missing persons for the identification of unidentified remains should be needed.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.237-250
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of exercise program for prevention of falling on physical fitness, posture and fall prevention self-efficacy for elderly women. 30 females above the age of 65 were subjects for this study. Over an twelve week period, 14women in the experimental group performed exercise 2 times a week for 60 minutes per session. 16women in the control group didn't participate in the exercise program. The independent variable was a exercise program for prevention of falling. Dependent variables were physical fitness, posture and fall prevention self-efficacy. Prevention of falling exercise program is consisted of an elastic band using exercise and Korean dance movement exercise. Physical fitness consisted of grip strength, upper and lower body endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance, coordination. The posture was measured the static posture when standing, using a high-resolution camera, body style to automatically measure the distance and angle(M-zen, Korea). Posture was measured in both the coronal and sagittal plane via reference board. Fall prevention self-efficacy was measured via questionnaire using the Korea Falls Self-Efficacy Scale (FES-K). The physical fitness, posture and fall prevention self-efficacy were measured twice with pre and post exercise, and the difference between groups with Wilcox signed rank test, and the group-specific post verification was carried out with U-validated methods (Mann Whitney U test). Statistical significance level was verified by setting the p<.05. Lower body endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, balance and coordination significantly increased in the experimental group. The control group was no significant increase in physical fitness variables. shoulder slope angle, pelvic slope angle(coronal/sagittal), leg length difference, scapular inferior angle and left/right calcaneus angle significantly decreased in the experimental group. Both the experimental group and control group were no significant increase in fall prevention self efficacy. The prevention of falling exercise program for elderly women indicated the positive changes in physical fitness(except grip strength) and posture(except upper body slope). However, there are no significant differences of falling prevention self-efficacy between the both group. Thus, the prevention of falling exercise program for the elderly has been proved that it is highly efficient on improving physical fitness and posture proofreading. However, we still need to consider supplement exercise for grip strength and upper body slope.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.117
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• pp.275-301
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• 2011

Die Einzelwissenschaften, zum Beispiel, die Biologie, die Psychologie, Soziologie behandeln heuzutage den Menschen. Aber sie alle behandeln den Menschen nach ihren eigenen Gesichtpunkten. Infolgedessen $k{\ddot{o}}nnen$ die Einzelwissenschaften den ganzen Menschen als den Menschen nicht $ber{\ddot{u}}ksichtigen$. Jhre Anthropologien $m{\ddot{u}}{\ss}en$ daher weitgehend $beschr{\ddot{a}}nkt$ bleiben. Dagegen entwickelte Max Scheler im letzten Jahrhundert eine neue philosophische Anthropologie. Seine Anthropologie ist wirklich neu und grundgehend. Diese Anthropologie bestimmt den Menschen als Geist, Freiheit, Person. Aber Max Scheler betont allzusehr "den Geist" in seiner philosophischen Anthropologie und infolgedessen distanzierter sich vom "Leben" in seinem $Menschenverst{\ddot{a}}ndnis$. Die Verfasserin sieht hier in dieser philosophischen Anthropologie einen Dualismus zwischen den Geist und das leben. Und Verfasserin findet eine Integration von Geist und Leben in der ontologischen Anthropologie bei Edith Stein. Diese ontologische Anthropologie charakterisiert sich $folgenderma{\ss}en$. 1. Es ist eine Anthropologie des "$Ge{\ddot{o}}ffnet$-Seins." 2. Es ist eine Anthropologie des "$Gef{\ddot{u}}hlt$-Seins." 3. Es ist eine Anthropologie des "Einheits-Seins." Die Verfasserin behauptet infolgedessen die ontologische Anthropologie bei Edith Stein sei eine geeignete und $sachm{\ddot{a}}{\ss}ige$ Anthropologie.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.175-194
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• 2014

Because the thawing of the Arctic ocean is slowly accelerating due to global warming, recently exploring resources in Arctic ocean and transporting resources by using the North Pole route have been getting spotlight. Since the original route transported by the Suez Canal from Korea to Europe could be shorten about 8,000km in distance(decreased about 38% compared to the original route), which means shortening about 10 voyage dates, it is expected to bring huge logistics cost reduction. Once the North Pole route is commercialized successfully, it would be one of the most important variables that affects future of Busan port and guides for economic development of Busan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze Busan port and the economic growth of Busan area by researching promising industry, based on the effect of freight transporting by the Northern sea route on the economy of Busan. For this study, questionnaire surveys and interviews were conducted for 64 people of experts in the shipping and port industry, relevant government, and academics. The survey finding shows that port logistics industry is a promising business in Busan in terms of its growth and competitiveness. It is necessary to develop feeder network facilities that prepare for commercialization of the Northern sea route as a short and medium term plan and provide professional manpower training in polar regions. Ship supply business would also play an important role. It is identified that revitalization of shipbuilding and ocean plant industry should be done in terms of Arctic business. With regard to the fishery industry it is found that modernization of fishery ship and development of fishery equipment used in polar areas should be carried out.