• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-184
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• 2003

Photochemical reactions of some organic molecules on titanium dioxide were investigated in methanol. A methanolic solution of trans-cinnamic acid and titanium dioxide was irradiated with 300 nm UV lamps for 24 h to afford methyl cinnamate. In the case of trans-cinnamamide, the major product was found to be 3-phenylpropionamide, i.e., a saturation product of ethylenic double bond. However, irradiation of urocanic acid, caffeic acid, ethyl cinnamate, trans-chalcone, trans-cinnamonitrile, trans-stilbene or trans, trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene on titanium dioxide under the same conditions did not give any noticeable products. Meanwhile, when irradiated some aromatic aldehydes, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde, l-naphthaldehyde, and 2-naphthaldehyde in methanol, vicinal diols and alcohols derived from the diols were produced. On the other hand, irradiation of 9-anthraldehyde and titanium dioxide in methanol afforded only alcohols, in which diol was not observed.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2011

Microbial metabolism of trans-2-dodecenal (1) was studied. Screening studies have revealed a number of microorganisms that are capable of metabolizing trans-2-dodecenal (1). Scale-up fermentation with Penicillium chrysogenum resulted in the production of two microbial metabolites. These metabolites were identified using spectroscopic methods as trans-2-dodecenol (2) and trans-3-dodecenoic acid (3).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-256
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a gas chromatographic (GC) method to analyze fatty acids in milk fat with a single injection. The single-injection GC method we developed for analyzing fatty acid composition can separate a wide range of fatty acid methyl esters from butyric acid to docosahexaenoic acid. It separated 6 isomers of 18:1 (cis-6, cis-9, cis-11, trans-6, trans-9 and trans-11), 4 isomers of 18:2 (cis-9-cis-12, trans-9-trans-12, cis-9-trans-12 and trans-9-cis-12), and 4 isomers of conjugated 18:2 (cis-9- trans-11, trans-9-cis-11, cis-10-trans-12 and trans-10-cis-12).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

In this study, we screened and evaluated possibility of wood rot fungi as biocatalyst for biotransformation of sesquiterpenes. Screening were performed to select the most promising microorganisms with ability to biotransformation the substrate trans,trans-fanesol. Trans,trans-farnesol which is synthesized precursor of sesquiterpenes was used for resistance test on 19 of wood rot fungi. From the 19 tested wood rot fungi, 5 were selected by resistance test on different concentration of trans,trans-fanesol. Biotransformation was performed with selected wood rot fungi on liquid culture. The metabolites detected by GC-MS analysis were nerolidol for Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus (jungh) Imaz and eicosane for Coriolus versicolor (L.Fr) Prlar and isoborneol for Fomitopsis pinicola and isocyclocitral for Lampteromyces japonicas. As the results, wood rot fungi could be potential biocatalyst for biotransformation of sesquiterpenes.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 2015

Trans fat is a unsaturated fatty acid with trans configuration and separated double bonds. Analytical methods have been introduced to analyze trans fat content in foods including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, reverses-phase silver ion high performance liquid chromatography, and silver nitrate thin layer chromatography. Currently, FT-IR spectroscopy and GC are mostly used methods. Trans fat content in 6 vegetable oils were analyzed and processing effects including baking, stir-frying, pan-frying, and frying on the formation of trans fat in corn oil was evaluated by GC. Among tested vegetable oils, corn oil has 0.25 g trans fat/100 g, whereas other oils including rapeseed, soybean, olive, perilla, and sesame oils did not have detectable amount of trans fat content. Among cooking methods, stir-frying increased trans fat in corn oil whereas baking, pan-frying, and frying procedures did not make changes in trans fat content compared to untreated corn oils. However, the trans fat content was so low and food label can be declared as '0' trans based on the regulation of Ministry of Food ad Drug Safety (MFDS) (< 2 g/100 g edible oil).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 1993

Antioxidative effectiveness and oxidized products in mixture of methyl linoleate(ML) and phenolic compounds were investigated under oxygen blowing at $37^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxy cinnamate ; CML) and phloroglucinol(1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene ; PML) showed higher antioxidative effectiveness for methyl linoleate than 0.05% ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ (TML). Oxidized products in ML group were methyl 8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9,13-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer, 9,13-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer, and 9-TMSO-12,13-epoxy-10-octadecenoate. In CML group the oxidized products were methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer and 9-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer, but 13-hydroxy isomer was not identified. It was shown that CML were oxidized more slowly than ML group and at 6th day of oxidation, caffeic quinone was found to be major oxidized product of caffeic acid. Oxidixed Products in PML group were methyl-8-(2-furyl)-octanoate, 9-trans, cis hydroperoxide isomer, and 9-trans, trans hydroperoxide isomer but phloroglucinol was not oxidized even at the 9th day of reaction.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

Breads and cookies made with conventional or low-trans fat(margarine and shortening) were analyzed by determining their trans fat content, textural properties and color values after production. The trans fatty acids content in conventional margarine was three times higher than that of low-trans margarine. Moreover, the content of trans fatty acids in the conventional shortening was 49 times higher than that of low-trans shortening. The trans fatty acid contents of cookies and breads made with low-trans fat, can be reduced more than 2 to 75 times compared to cookies and breads made with conventional fat. In the produced cookies and breads, the color values and textural properties(hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) did not differ significantly when the conventional fat or low-trans fat was used.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.164-167
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• 1989

The rate for the aquation of $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2FX]^+(X=F^-,\;Cl^-)$ ion in aqueous acidic solution has been measured by spectrophotometric method at various temperatures and pressures. The rate constants are increased with increasing temperatures and pressures. The values of activation entropy are 5.2 eu for $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2F_2]^+$ and -16.62 eu for $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2FCl]^+$ ions. Activation volumes have all negative values and lie in the limited range $-3∼-2\;cm^3mol^{-1}$ for $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2F_2]^+$ and $-8∼-7\;cm^3mol^{-1} for $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2FCl]^+$ ion. From the above results, we may deduce that the mechanism for the aquation of $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2F_2]^+$ and $trans-[Cr(tmd)_2FCl]^+$ ions is interchange-associative mechanism and dissociative mechanism respectively.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2000

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) refers to a collective term of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid, which are different in their biological activities. The predominant isomer of CLA in animal tissues is cis-9, trans-11; smaller amounts of trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers, CLA methyl ester (CLA-ME) was chemically syn-thesized from linoleic acid by the alkaline isomerization method. The synthetic CLA-ME, mainly composed of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA, was dissolved in acetone, stored at 68$^{\circ}C$ for 1 day, and the supernatant(cis-9, trans-11 CLA-Me) was separated from the precipitate (trans-10, cis-12 CLA-Me). After the processes were repeated three times at -68$^{\circ}C$, the whole processes were repeated three times at -71$^{\circ}C$ in order to increase the purity of these two isomers. The cis-9, trans-11 CLA-Me and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers were further purified by the urea adduct. Purities of the cis-9, trans-11 CLA-Me and trans-10, cis-12 CLA-Me were 90.3 and 99.9%, respec-tively. This method could be employed for the preparation of a large quantity of highly purified cis-9, trans-11 CLA-Me or trans-10, cis-12 CLA-Me from synthetic CLA-Me.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.699-704
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• 2006

Twenty-four cannulated Small-tailed Han${\times}$Poll Dorset wethers (BW $47.5{\pm}2.1kg$) were used to determine the effects of forage to concentrate ratio (40:60 vs. 70:30), monensin supplementation (0, 15 or 30 ppm, DM basis) and interactions of these two factors on cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 CLA) and trans-11 octadecenoic acid (trans11-$C_{18:1}$) concentrations in ruminal contents and plasma in sheep. The experiment was designed as a $2{\times}3$ factorial. The diet contained Chinese wild rye grass hay (Aneurolepidium Chinese), cracked corn, soybean meal, NaCl, limestone and trace mineral premix. Dietary crude fat and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2n-6}$) were adjusted with soybean oil to about 7.0% and 24.0 mg/g (DM basis), respectively. High forage diets increased (p<0.001) the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in ruminal contents and plasma. Monensin supplementation increased (p<0.001) the concentration of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ in ruminal contents, but had no effect on that of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (p<0.019) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA (p<0.022) in plasma increased with dietary monensin levels. Interactions of forage: concentrate ratio and monensin level tended to affect the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ (p<0.091) and $C_{18:2n-6}$ (p<0.083) in ruminal contents. Increasing forage levels increased the concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in the rumen. Supplementing with monensin increased the ruminal production of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and concentrations of trans11-$C_{18:1}$ and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in plasma.