• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1535-1540
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• 2004

Six dry Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and particle size (PS) on chewing activity. Treatments were arranged in a 3$\times$3 factorial design; total mixed rations contained three NDF concentrations (26, 32, 38%) and three PS (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 cm). NDF levels and particle sizes of diets were adjusted by formulating rate and cutting length of alfalfa hay and rice straw. Cows were fed twice daily at 90% of ad libitum feed intake throughout the experiment. Chewing activity was positively associated with NDF concentration, but not significantly affected by PS of diet. Eating time per unit of NDF intake was affected by PS rather than NDF concentration of diet. Time spent ruminating per unit DM or NDF intake increased with increasing NDF concentration of diet, but was not affected by PS. As the PS of diet increased, the eating time per day increased, but the rumination time decreased. In addition, as the number of rumination bolues decreased the rumination duration increased as well as the chews per bolus. The regression equation induced from relationships of NDF concentrations (NDF, %) and particle sizes (PS, cm) of diet on roughage value index (RVI, min of chewing time/kg DMI) was as follows. RVI=-19.672+1.44$\times$NDF+5.196$\times$PS, ($R^{2}$=0.81).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Cancer is closely related to diet. One of the most reliable reports of the subject is the expert report from the World Cancer Research Fund & American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF&AICR). However, majority of the studies including above were written with academic terms and in English. The aim of this study is to create a model, named Anti-Cancer Food Scoring System (ACFS), to provide a simple index of the anticancer potential of food. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We created ACFS codes of various food groups. The evidence of the ACFS codes was provided by the literature at a level comparable to that suggested in the WCRF&AICR report or from the WCRF&AICR report. The ACFS grade was calculated considering food group, cooking, and normalization. Application was performed for Koreans' 20 common meals, which encompass multinational recipes. RESULT: We calculated the ACFS grades of Koreans' 20 common meals. The results were not significantly different from the WCRF&AICR guidelines or information from the National Cancer Information Center of Korea. The grades were briefly interpreted as follows: grade S. ideal for cancer prevention; grade A. good for cancer prevention; grade B, might have anticancer potential; grade C, difficult to be regarded as preventive or carcinogenic; grade D, might against cancer prevention; grade E, probably against cancer prevention. CONCLUSIONS: The ACFS provides a simple index of anticancer potential of diets. This indicator can be useful for the people without expertise, and is effective in evaluating the diets including Asian foods. The ACFS can help design of future clinical or nutritional studies of cancer prevention.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

This study investigated the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on the plasma and liver lipid concentrations in lats fed a cholesterol free diet Twenty male-Sprague-Dawley rats(body weight $200{\pm}10g$) were divided into two groups, the control and taurine group(2% taurine supplemented in their diet). All the rats were fed on the experimental diet and deionized water for 6 weeks libitum. There were no significant differences body weight gain, food intake and the food efficiency ratio between the control and experimental groups. The rats fed the taurine diet had a significantly lower triglyceride and AI(athrogenic index) than those fed the control diet The liver total cholesterol (p<0.05) and triglyceride levels(p<0.01) were significantly lower in the rats fed the taurine diet than in those fed the control diet. These results suggest a possible role of taurine as a hypolipidemic agent in male rats fed a cholesterol free diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2010

There is an increasing interest in curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective agent via decreased blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level. The aim of this study was to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of bile acid from cholesterol, at the mRNA level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 45% high fat diet or same diet supplemented with curcumin (0.1% wt/wt) for 8 weeks. The curcumin diet significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) by 27%, total cholesterol (TC) by 33.8%, and LDL-cholesterol by 56%, respectively as compared to control group. The curcumin-supplemented diet also significantly lowered the atherogenic index (AI) by 48% as compared to control group. Hepatic TG level was significantly reduced by 41% in rats fed with curcumin-supplemented diet in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the curcumin diet significantly increased fecal TG and TC. The curcumin diet up-regulated hepatic CYP7A1 mRNA level by 2.16-fold, compared to control group p (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the increases in the CYP7A1 gene expression may partially account for the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 생균제를 산란계에 급여하였을 때 계란품질 및 배설물내 암모니아태 질소 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 36주령 ISA brown 산란계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수－대두박 기초 사료구(Con; basal diet), 기초 사료구에 생균제를 0.3%(PB0.3; basal diet + 0.3% probiotics)와 0.6%(PB0.6; basal diet + 0.6% probiotics) 첨가한 구로 구성되었다. 총 28일간의 사양시험 기간동안, 산란율, 난중 그리고 난각 강도에 있어서는 처리간에 차이는 있었지만 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(P$>$0.05). 난각의 두께에 있어서는 PB0.6 처리구가 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(linear effect, P$<$0.01). 난황색에 있어서는 생균제를 첨가함에 따라 대조구와 비교하여 통계적으로 높게 평가되었으며(linear effect, P$<$0.02), 난황계수에 있어서도 생균제를 첨가함에 따라 개선되는 경향을 나타내었다(linear effect, P$<$0.04). 배설물내 암모니아태 질소 함량에 있어서는 PB0.6 처리구가 다른 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 평가되었다(linear effect, P$<$0.04). 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 생균제의 첨가가 난각두께, 난황색 및 난황계수를 증가시키는 것으로 사료되며, 배설물내 암모니아태 질소 함량을 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 1994

전복을 육상수조에서 사육하기 위한 먹이 개발을 위하여 육상식물 및 배합사료를 공급하여 대조구인 미역과의 성장도, 생존율 및 먹이효과에 대하여 조사한 결과 1. 배합사료, 미역, 육상식물의 순으로 성장이 빨랐으며 생존율은 큰 차이가 없었다 2. 일간섭식률은 미역과 육상식물이 비슷하였고 배합사료는 이 들의 $30\%$ 수준이었다. 사료전환효율은 미역과 육상식물에 비해 배합사료가 월등히 높았으며 치패 크기가 작을수록 높았다. 3. EFA index, ${{\sum}n9/(20:4n6+20:5n3+22:6n3}$는 건미역이 1.26, 배합사요가 3.64로서 양호 값을 나타냈으나, 깻잎의 경우 127.00으로 나타나 참전복에 유효한 지방산이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 전복 육상수조에서의 사육을 위한 여름철 대체 먹이로는 육상식물보다는 배합안료가 효과적이었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1984

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of medium chain triglyceride (MCT)diet on the serum lipids and lipoprotein of Sprague-Dawley rats when the were fed with cholesterol. All experiment-groups were fed with different diet such as soybean oil, shortening,MCT and MCT mixed with oil respectively. After fed to each group, the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein among fed rats were examined and the data from the experiment were compared with a control group. The results obtained from the study are as follows : (1) The average boby weight gain in MCT diet and soybean oil diet groups were lighter than that of the control group, while the food efficiency ratio in each experimental diet group was almost same as than in the control group. (2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group except the level in shortening diet group. Especially, the levels of total cholesterol in MCT diet and soybean oil diet groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. (3) VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental groups were almost same except the case of the MCT diet and soybean oil diet group which was significantly low. (4) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, so called, atherogenic index in serum of MCT and soybean oil diet groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. (5) The ratio of total cholesterol to phospholipids in serum of MCT diet group was decreased, because total cholesterol levels were decreased more than phospolipid levels. (6) The ratio of the serum VLDL, LDL to HDL in MCT diet group. in MCT and soybean oil mixed diet group, and in soybean diet group was decreased. In other wards, it means that the decrease of the serum VLDL, LDL in each group and the increase of the serum HDL.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.957-964
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• 1998

The study was undertaken to assess the degree to which subjects were compliant with a specific metabolic diet in a controlled outpatient feeding study. The study consisted of a two-week control period in which subjects consumed a control diet consisting of 38-40% fat, 18-20% protein, 40-42% carbohydrate, followed by a three-week experimental period during which each subject consumed the control diet plus one of the four fiber supplements(20g/4ay) assigned on a random basis on the trust day. All meals were prepared and eaten in a metabolic feeding laboratory, with the exception of Saturday and Sunday meals that were packed for take-out. Fifty-seven healthy adult men, aged 18-65 years participated in the study. Dietary compliance index(CI) defined as the percent deviation of actual consumption from the prescribed food's and unconsumed prepared foods. The CI reflected the additional 'non-prescribed foods' and unconsumed 'prescribed foods'. A CI was calculated for all subjects. A CI of 5% or more was defined as poor compliance. Overall, dietary compliance was substantially improved for the entire group over the course of the study. Significant increase in compliance far energy and macronutrient intake occurred between the baseline and experimental periods. Within a non-obese group, dietary compliance fir energy improved from 5.5% to 3.3% by the end of the study(week 1vs week 5, respectively, p<0.05). However, between non-obese and obese group, dietary compliance was not different. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 957-964, 1998)

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2006

We evaluated the effects of butterbur (Petasites japonicus Maxim) addition to the diet on lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers such as total glutathionine, TBARS value, carbonyl value, GPx, GR, SOD and paraoxonase activity in the plasma or liver of mice. The distribution of body fat deposition, total cholesterol (TC) contents, and atherogenic index in the plasma were significantly decreased in the butterbur group. The levels of GSH and the activity of GR and SOD were significantly higher in the liver of the butterbur group than in that of the control group. Lipid oxidation of the liver and kidney and protein oxidation of the liver and heart were decreased in the butterbur group. Additionally, the DNA damage, as determined using the comet assay (single cell gel assay) with alkaline electrophoresis and as quantified by measuring the tail length (TL), was decreased in the butterbur group. The results of the present study showed that a diet with added butterbur exerts degenerative disease-protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in alcoholic fatty liver rats. Forty five Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 8 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the control diet (CD) and the ethanol diet (ED) and the ethanol + $0.02\%$ $\beta$-carotene diet (EPD) groups and fed the experimental diet respectively for 5 weeks. After the feeding, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver to analyze lipid and lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. The mean body weight and food intake of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than that of the control diet. The liver index (LI) of the ethanol diet group was significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Serum levels of total lipid, triglyceride of the ethanol diet group were significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Total cholesterol levels were not significantly different among all groups. HDL-cholesterol of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Liver TBARS of the ethanol diet group was significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Liver lipofuscin and conjugated diene levels were not significantly different among all groups. The superoxide dismutase activity of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not significantly different among all groups. Because v-carotene supplementation significantly decrease the serum total lipid, triglyceride, liver TBARS revels and increase the superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic ratty liver rats, $\beta$-carotene supplementation seems to give beneficial effect for the alcoholics.