• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.756-763
• /
• 2002

We have previously demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine produced an increase in locomotor activity, dopamine(DA), release and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens, one of the major projection areas of the central DA system. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many functional disorders such as substance abuse and mental dysfunction. And many studies have shown that Coptidis Rhizoma has a suppressive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and can affect the neurotransmitter systems in the CNS. In order to investigate whether acupuncture and Coptidis Rhizoma have an influence on nicotine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of zusanli(ST36) and Coptidis Rhizoma on repeated nicotine-induced locomotor activity, and zusanli(ST36) on c-Fos expression as an important maker of postsynaptic neuronal activity in nucleus accumbens. Male SD rats received Coptidis Rhizoma (100mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min before injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) for 7 days. Rats were followed withdrawal for 3 days and one challenge for 1 day. Systemic challenge with nicotine produced a much larger increase in locomotor activity. Pretreatment with acupuncture at zusanli(ST36, 100Hz) and Coptidis Rhizoma decreased in nicotine-induced locomotor activity. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture at zusanli(ST36, 100Hz) and Coptidis Rhizoma may be mediated by reduction of dopamine release. Our results suggest that acupuncture at zusanli(ST36, 100Hz) and Coptidis Rhizoma may have therapeutic effect on nicotine addiction.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 1992

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dopaminergic drugs and the role of specific dopamine(DA) receptors on the release of TSH, $T_4$ and $T_3$. Serum TSH levels (cold-induced, $4{^{\circ}C}$) were determined using RIA(radioimmunoassay) at 30 min after administration of dopamine agonists and antagonists. Serum $T_4$ and $T_3$ levels were detected after these dopaminergic drugs were administered subcutaneously twice a day for a week. The results of the study are summarized as follows : Apomorphine, a nonspecific DA receptor agonist, produced a dose-depedent decrease in serum TSH, $T_4$ and $T_3$ levels. However, only low doses (0.3, 1.0mg/kg) of SKF38393, a specific $D_1$-receptor agonist, produced a decrease in serum lelvels of TSH. I,Y171555, a specific $D_2$-receptor agonist, produced a dose dependent decrease in serum TSH, $T_4$ and $T_3$ levels. However, SCH23390, a specific $D_1$-receptor antagonist, produced a decrease except in serum T levels which were increased dose dependently. High doses (1.0, 3.0mg/kg) of sulpiride, a specific $D_2$-receptor antagonist, made a increase in the serum levels of TSH and $T_3$. The effects of dopaminergic drugs in serum TSH and $T_4$ levels was potentiated by the pretreatment of apomorphine. The overall results of this study suggest that the regulation of TSH, $T_4$ and $T_3$ secretion were mediated via specific $D_1$ and $D_2$ receptor.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한핵의학회 2005년도 제44차 추계학술대회 및 총회
• /
• pp.317.2-317.2
• /
• 2005

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of opioid receptor agonists on the spontaneous alternation behaviour in an animal model of obsessivecompulsive disorder in rats. According to the theory that dopamine is related to the biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of the nalbuphine(opioid kappa agonist) and the tramadol(opioid mu agonist), which act as manipulating agents on the inhibition or stimulation of dopamine release, in the spontaneous alternation behaviour were evaluated. 24 hours prior to the experiment, rats were food-deprived. These rats were put into the T-maze, in which white and black goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for each time. After identifying the stable baseline of spontaneous alternation behaviour, nonselective 5-HT agonist 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) disrupted spontaneous alternation. Rats were stratified into fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), nalbuphine(10mg/kg/IP), tramadol(46.4mg/kg/IP), and saline(0.5cc/IP) injection group with experimental drug treatment for 21 days. The effects on the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced disruption of spontaneous alternation behaviour were checked at the next day of discontinuation of drug treatment. The results were as follows ; 1) At the day after 21 days of the drug treatment, the nalbuphine treated group and the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference from the tramadol treated group and the saline treated group in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) Within each drug treatment group, the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of fluoxetine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. And also, the nalbuphine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. There was no difference between the baseline and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We indentified that the opioid kappa agonist that act as dopamine release inhibitor affect the spontaneous alternation behaviour which is an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rat.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 1993

Purpose of the present study was to clarify the role of noradrenergic neural activities in hypothalamus for either triggering or maintaining hypertension in deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Two groups of animals were prepared: 1) normotensive Wistar rats and 2) DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats. Voltage dependent $^{45}Ca^{++}$ uptake, endogenous norepinephrine release, and the catecholamine content in the hypothalamus of DOCA-salt hypertensive and normotensive Wistar rats were compared. Animals at 4, 6 and 16 week-old of two groups were sacrificed by decapitation and hypothalamus was dissected out. Voltage dependent calcium uptake and norepinephrine release were determined from hypothalamic synaptosomes either in low potassium or high potassium stimulatory condition by using $^{45}Ca^{++}$ isotope and HPLC-ECD technique. Degrees of voltage dependent $^{45}Ca^{++}$ uptake and norepinephrine release in hypothalamic synaptosomes of 16-week-old DOCA-salt hypertensive rats were significantly greater than those of age matched normotensive control rats. The norepinephrine and dopamine contents of hypothalamus were about the same in two groups of animals. These results suggest that the alteration of evoked norepinephrine release related to calcium uptake in hypothalamus may play a role in the maintenance of hypertension in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.421-429
• /
• 2005

목적: 흡연에 보상 강화 효과는 흡연 시에 담배 내에 포함되어 있는 니코틴 성분에 의한 선조체에서의 도파민 유리가 중심 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. 지금까지의 여러 동물실험 에서 니코틴과 도파민의 상호 관계와 니코틴에 의한 도파민 유리가 연구되었다. 이 연구에서는 $[^{11}C]raclopride$ PET을 이용하여 생체에서 흡연에 의한 도파민 유리를 영상화 하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 비흡연자이거나 과거 흡연력이 있으나 1년 이상의 금연을 시행한 5 명의 정상인 남자를 대상으로 하였고, 이들의 평균 연령은 24세 이었다. 도파민 D2 수용체 영상을 위한 방사성 리간드인 $[^{11}C]raclopride$를 볼루스+연속 주입법에 의하여 주사하면서 120 분간 30개의 동적 영상($3{\times}20$초, $2{\times}60$초, $2{\times}120$초, $1{\times}180$초, $22{\times}300$초)을 얻었다. 영상 촬영 시작 50분에 니코틴 함량 1mg의 담배를 피도록 하였으며, 담배를 피우기 직전과 흡연시작 5분 후부터 흡연에 의하여 흡수된 혈중 니코틴 농도를 측정하기 위하여 일정 간격으로 정맥혈 샘플을 획득하였다. 30 개의 프레임은 인접 프레임과의 정합에 의하여 움직임을 보정하였고, 움직임이 보정된 120분 간의 동적 영상을 합하여 평균 영상을 만든 다음, 뇌 MRI와 공간 정합을 하였다. 평균 영상과 MRI 의 공간 정합 정보를 이용하여, 각 프레임을 MRI 에 공간 정합시켜, 공간 정합된 동적 영상에서 선조체에 MRI 정보를 이용하여 좌우 각각 3 개의 관심 영역(ventral striatum : VST, precomissural dorsal caudate; caudate nucleus; precommissural putamen; anterior putamen)과 소뇌에 관심영역을 설정하였고, 동적 영상으로부터 각 관심 영역 별로 시간-농도 곡선을 구하였다. $[^{11}C]raclopride$주사 후 선조체에서의 리간드 특이적 결합에 의한 항정상태(statedy state) 에 도달한 후 흡연전 평형 상태(equilibrium state)인 30-50 분과 흡연 후 재평형에 도달한 70-90분 영상에서 각 관심 영역에서의 방사성 농도를 구하였고, 조직비 방법에 근거하여 기저상태 및 흡연 상태의 방사성 리간드의 수용체 결합능 (binding potential;BP)을 구하였다($BP=C_{ROI}/C_{cerebellum}-1$). 흡연에 의한 도파민의 유리는 흡연 전후의 $[^{11}C]raclopride$의 수용체 결합능의 변화율로 계산하였다. 흡연에 의한 혈중 니코틴의 상승은 흡연후 90 분간의 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도로 계산되었으며, 흡연에 의한 $[^{11}C]raclopride$의 수용체 결합능의 감소율과 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도와의 상관관계를 스피어만 상관분석법(Spearman's correlation)에 의하여 알아보았다. 결과: 흡연에 의한 선조체에서의 평균 $[^{11}C]raclopride$의 수용체 결합능의 변화는 미상핵에서 4.7%, 전피각에서 4.0%, 복측 선조체에서 7.8% 의 감소를 보여 흡연에 의한 선조체내 도파민 유리를 정량화 하였다. 특히 선조체에서의 도파민 유리에 의한 수용체 결합능의 감소는 흡연에 의한 혈중 니코틴의 축적 농도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(rho=0.9, p=0.04). 결론: $[^{11}C]raclopride$ PET을 이용하여 비흡연 정상인에서 흡연에 의한 도파민 유리를 영상화 및 정량화 하였고, 흡연에 의한 선조체내 도파민 유리는 흡연시 흡수된 니코틴의 축적 농도와 상관관계를 가짐을 보였다. 이 연구에서의 확립된 방법과 결과는 앞으로 흡연자에서 니코틴에 의한 도파민 신경계의 활성화 연구에 기여할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired fear extermination, hyperarousal, anxiety, depression, and amnesic symptoms that may involve the release of monoamines in the fear circuit. The present study measured several anxiety-related behavioral responses to examine the effects of berberine (BER) on symptoms of anxiety in rats after single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure, and to determine if BER reversed the dopamine (DA) dysfunction. Rats received BER (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily) for 14 days after SPS exposure. BER administration significantly increased the time spent in the open arms and reduced grooming behavior during the elevated plus maze test, and increased the time spent in the central zone and the number of central zone crossings in the open field test. BER restored neurochemical abnormalities and the SPS-induced decrease in DA tissue levels in the hippocampus and striatum. The increased DA concentration during BER treatment may partly be attributed to mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and the DA transporter in the hippocampus, while BER exerted no significant effects on vesicular monoamine transporter mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. These results suggest that BER had anxiolytic-like effects on behavioral and biochemical measures associated with anxiety. These findings support a role for reduced anxiety altered DAergic transmission and reduced anxiety in rats with PTSD. Thus, BER may be a useful agent to treat or alleviate psychiatric disorders like those observed in patients with PTSD.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.204-210
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 GTH I과 II의 분비조절기구을 밝히기 위하여 T을 경구투여한 미성숙 무지개 송어의 뇌하수체 세포배양계를 이용하여, activin에 의한 GTH I과 II의 분비량을 RIA로 조사하였다. 그 결과, T의 positive feedback에 의해 뇌하수체내 GTH II 함량이 증가하였으나, 뇌하수체내 GTH I 함량는 T에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 이러한 뇌하수체를 이용한 세포배양 실험에서, 장시간 (3 일간)의 activin 처리에 의해 GTH II 분비량은 증가하였지만, 단시간 (24시간)의 activin 처리에 의해 GTH II 분비량은 영향을 받지 않았다. 또한 activin의 자극에 의해서 분비된 GTH II 분비량은 DA에 의해 부분적으로 억제되었지만, sG-nRH의 자극에 의해서 분비된 GTH II는 DA에 의해 완전히 억제되었다. activin의 자극에 의해서 분비된 GTH II는 부분적으로 억제되었다. 그러나 activin으로 전처리에 의해 방출된 GTH II 분비량은 sGnRH 자극에 의한 증폭현상은 나타나지 않았다. 한편 GTH I 분비는 본 실험에서 사용된 호르몬에 의해서 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해보면, GTH I과 II는 서로 다른 합성기구에 의해 조절되며, T에 의해 GnRH, activin 그리고 DA 수용체의 감수성이 발현되어 GTH II 분비를 조절하였다. 그러나 GTH I의 분비조절 기구는 차후 계속해서 연구되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 1993

시상하부 조각에서 카테콜아민의 분비에 대한 포도당의 영향을 관찰하였다. 카테콜아민의 기초분비는 포도당의 농도$(5{\sim}30mM)$에 반비례하였다. Tetrodotoxin $(10\;{\mu}M)$의 존재하에서 카테콜아민의 기초분비에 대한 포도당의 억제 작용은 대부분 유지되었으나, 도파민에 대한 30 mM 포도당의 억제 작용은 거의 봉쇄되었다. Tetrodotoxin $(10\;{\mu}M)$과 desipramine $(3\;{\mu}M)$의 존재하에서는 카테콜아민의 기초분비에 대한 포도당의 영향이 없었다. 이상의 결과는 포도당이 transsynaptic action 뿐 아니라 카테콜아민 신경세포 말단에 대한 직접 작용을 통하여 카테콜아민의 분비를 조절할 것임을 시사한다. 카테콜아민의 분비에 대한 포도당의 조절작용은 당뇨상태에서의 시상하부 카테콜아민 대사의 변화를 적어도 부분적으로는 설명할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.406-410
• /
• 2013

Tetrahyropapaveroline (THP) is compound derived from dopamine metabolism and is capable of causing dopaminergic neurodegenerative disorder, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of THP to cause oxidative damage on the structure of cytochrome c (cyt c). Our data showed that THP led to protein aggregation and the formation of carbonyl compound in protein aggregates. THP also induced the release of iron from cyt c. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and iron specific chelator inhibited the THP-mediated cyt c modification and carbonyl compound formation. The results of this study show that ROS may play a critical role in THP-induced cyt c modification and iron releasing of cyt c. When cyt c that has been exposed to THP was subsequently analyzed by amino acid analysis, lysine, histidine and methionine residues were particularly sensitive. It is suggested that oxidative damage of cyt c by THP might induce the increase of iron content in cells and subsequently led to the deleterious condition. This mechanism is associated with the deterioration of organs under neurodegenerative disorder such as PD.