• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2004

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of ozone and anion treatments in improving the quality of the drinking water far livestock. The drinking water was treated with an ozone concentration of 0.658 $\~$0.722 g/h and with anion of 3.27 $\~$ 6.17$\times$1,000,000 pieces/sec. With the ozone and anion treatments, the pH was significantly increased from a range of pH 6.38 $\~$ 7.14 to a range of pH 7.5 $\~$ 7.8(P<0.05). Also, with the ozone and anion treatments, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the drinking water was increased from a range of 2.0 $\~$ 3.5 mg/$\iota$ to 5.5 $\~$ 6.1 mg/$\iota$(P<0.05): the DO decreased in the control. The dissolved ozone was not increased in the beginning of the experiment, but was increased by 0.48$\~$0.56 mg/L after 48 h of the ozone and anion treatment. The colony numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritis, and Escherichia coli disappeared after one hour of ozone and anion treatment.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the concentration and characteristics of dust originating from windowless broiler building in each season. 12.0m width and 46m tenth with side wall height of 3.0m was investigated and capacity was 12,800 birds at a stock density of 23.2 birds per square meter. Dust concentrations in terms of total suspended particles (TSP), and particulate matter of sizes $10{\mu}m(PM10),\;2.5{\mu}m (PM2.5),\;and\;1{\mu}m(PM1)$ were measured at 30-minute intervals. On the basis of broiler age, the average dust concentration in summer in TSP as follows: 1,229 904.5 558.8 and $1,053{\mu}g/m^3$ on the broilers' first to fourth week of age, respectively. But during winter, the average dust concentration showed an increasing pattern, as follows: 465.4, 1,401, 4,497, 5,097 and $6,873{\mu}g/m^3$ on the broilers' first to fifth week of age, respectively. The maximum dust concentration of $11,132{\mu}g/m^3$ was observed on the fifth week. On a daily basis, the maximum dust concentration during summer was detected in early morning, and the minimum in the afternoon. The aerial dust particle size of $0.05\~0.35{\mu}m$ was the highest in number. But on volume basis, particle size of 16~99 un had the largest percentage in the broiler house. Crude protein of the dust $(42.8\~65.2\%)$, on dry matter basis, was higher than that $(20.5\~24.5\%)$ fed to the broilers. Heavy metal concentration of the dust also had high levels compared with that of the feed.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

This study was conducted to measure Nitrogen(N), Phosphate($P_2O_5$), Potassium ($K_2O$), Organic matter(OM) and Moisture content of liquid pig manure by Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS) and to develop an alternative and analytical instrument which are used for measurement of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, OM, and Moisture contents for liquid pig manure. The liquid pig manure sample's transmittance spectra were measured with a NIRS in the wavelength range of 400 to 2,500 nm. Multiple linear regression and partial least square regression were used for calibrations. The correlation coefficient(RSQ) and standard error of calibration(SEC) obtained for nitrogen were 0.9190 and 2.1649, respectively. The RSQ for phosphate, potassium, organic matter and moisture contents were 0.9749, 0.5046, 0.9883 and 0.9777, and the SEC were 0.5019, 1.9252, 0.1180 and 0.0789, respectively. These results are indications of the rapid determination of components of liquid pig manure through the NIR analysis. The simple analytical instrument for liquid pig manure consisted of a tungsten halogen lamp for light source, a sample holder, a quartz cell, a SM 301 spectrometer for spectrum analyzer, a power supply, an electronics, a computer and a software. Results showed that the simple analytical instrument that was developed can approximately predict the phosphate, organic matter and moisture content of the liquid pig manure when compared to the analysis taken by NIRS. The low predictability value of potassium however, needs further investigation. Generally, the experiment proved that the simple analytical instrument was reliable, feasible and practical for analyzing liquid pig manure.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

This study was carried out to develop the modified cyclone dust collector in windowless broiler building measuring 12 m wide, 46 m long, with a side wall height of 3 m and a capacity of 12,800 birds. Ventilation rate in windowless broiler building was $0.014{\sim}0.015\;and\;0.158{\sim}0.181cmm$ in second weeks and fifth weeks of age, respectively. Ammonia concentration was $13{\sim}16\;and\;20{\sim}24\;ppm$ in first and second weeks of age, respectively. Amount of dust collected in dust collector each week was 104.1, 274.7 and 388.6g in first, second and third weeks of age. But it was decreased from fourth weeks of age because of the increased ventilation rate. Total suspended particulate(TSP) of polluted air was $3,111.7{\sim}8,745.2{\mu}g/m^3$, but it was decreased to $530.8{\sim}2,264.4{\mu}g/m^3$ when it passed through the dust collector. Collecting efficiency was $54.2{\sim}82.9%$ in TSP. But collecting efficiency of Particulate matter smaller than $1{\mu}g$ (PM1.0) was $7.6{\sim}33.8%$, and lower than TSP. TSP concentration in control broiler house was 1,387.6 and $4,210.1{\mu}g/m^3$ in first and fourth weeks of age, respectively. But it was decreased to 876.3 and $2,535.3{\mu}g/m^3$ in broiler house operated dust collector in first and fourth weeks of age, respectively. Dust collecting efficiency for TSP was $36.8{\sim}39.8%$, and it was decreased to $11.4{\sim}39.8%$ in smaller dust size.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 1983

PraziquantEI ($Distocide^{\circledR}$), the KcrEan product, was tEstEd for its safety and Efficacy in treatmEnt of Clonorchis sinensiJ infccticn during the period from April to SeptembEr, 1983 in Korea. A total of 55 egg positive cases were selected and treated with the regimen of 25 mg/kg t.i.d. for 1 day (total 75 mg/kg). The follow-up stool examination was done in 47 cases by cellophane thir;k smear and Stoll's egg counting techniques. The 8 uncured cases were treated again with the same regimen. The laboratory tests for blood picture and liver function were done in 27 cases and compared before and after the treatment. The results obtainEd are as follows: 1. After single course treatment, the cure and egg reduction rates were 83.0 and 99.1% respectively. With the second treatment, excellent results of 100% in both rates were obtained. 2. Several kinds of side effects such as dizziness, headache, etc. were complained by 29 cases (61.7 %), however, those were so mild and transient that no special treatment was necessary. 3. No significant change in laboratory findings was recognizable before and after the treatment. From the above results, it is concluded that $Distocide^{\circledR}$ is as effective and safe as $Biltricide^{\circledR}$ and highly recommendable in treatment of C. sinensis infection.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2004

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of nitric oxide scavenger (hemoglobin) and inhibitor (L-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; L-NAME) with or without cumulus cell on the development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos. When CR/sub 1aa/ medium were supplemented with different dosage (lug/m, 5ug/m and 10ug/ml) of hemoglobin at 48hrs for in vitro culture, the proportion of embryos developing beyond morulae stage in 0, 1ug/ml and 5ug/ml with or without cumulus cell were 23.8%, 33.3 % and 26.8%, and 39.5%, 54.8% and 48.8%, respectively. There was a significantly difference the developmental rate of 1ug/ml hemoglobin intact cumulus cells to any other groups (P<0.05). On the other hand, when added to hemoglobin at 96 hrs, 1 ug/ml hemoglobin with cumulus cell group was significantly increased the percentage of developing into morulae and blastocysts to any other groups (P<0.05), and similar trend that of added at 48hrs. The overall means of the percentage of developing into morulae and blstocysts in 1ug/ml hemoglobin group was significantly increased than those of any other groups (P<0.05) and cumulus co-culture with hemoglobin was increased the in vitro developing rate of IVM/IVF embryos. In CR/sub 1aa/ medium treated with L-NAME 0, 10, 50 and 100mM, the developmental rate of morula plus blastocysts were 55.6%, 64.9%, 58.8% and 66.7%, respectively. The L-NAME did not affect the developmental rate and the cell numbers of blastocysts in all treated groups. These results indicate that hemoglobin and cumulus co-culture can increase the proportion of embryos that developed into morulae and blastocysts, but cell numbers of blastocysts were not affect in all groups.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effects of demecolcine-assisted enucleation and recipient cell cycle stage on the development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. In vitro cultured oocytes for $16\~20$ h were classified by first polar body (1st PB) extrusion and cell cycle stage (MI and MII) and treated $0.4\;{\mu}L/mL$ demecolcine for 40 min before enucleation. Enucleated oocytes were fused electrically with bovine ear skin cells, activated by Ca-ionophore+DMAP, and cultured in vitro. Most of eggs ($86.2\%$) treated with demecolcine protruded a chromosome mass and enucleated efficiently ($98.8\%$, (P<0.05). Demecolcine did not have a deteriorative effect on the development of NT embryos. Developmental rate of NT embryos reconstituted with oocytes extruded 1st PB significantly higher than that of NT embryos produced by oocytes without 1st PB ($18.2\%\;vs.\;4.6\%\cdot$, P<0.05). Cleavage and blastocyst formation rate of embryos reconstituted with MI oocytes ($69.4\%\;and\;5.9\%$, respectively) were significantly lower than those of embryos reconstituted with MII oocytes ($96.7\%\;and\;23.9\%$, respectively, P<0.05). From the present result, it is suggested that domecolcine is useful for the enucleation of recipient oocytes in bovine NT procedures, and MII oocytes rather than MI oocytes are more appropriate for recipient cytoplasm. Although, the potential to develop into blastocysts of NT embryos produced by 1st PB-nonextruded and MI oocytes was very low, these oorytes could be used for NT.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2011

Purpose : To evaluate the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) according to the timing of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in infantile urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : The data of 134 infants (1-12 months) with renal cortical defect in $^{99m}Tc$-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid ($^{99m}Tc$-DMSA) scan with a diagnosis of UTI in two hospitals from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The VCUG was performed after 2 weeks from the diagnosis of UTI in Group I (n=68), and the VCUG was performed within 2 weeks from the diagnosis of UTI in Group II (n=66). Results : There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of fever, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein levels, and abnormalities in ultrasonography (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the prevelence of VUR, bilateral VUR, and severe VUR. VCUG-induced UTI was detected 16 (23.5%) of patients in whom the procedure was performed 2 weeks after the diagnosis, and none of VCUG-induced UTI occurred in those in whom the procedure was performed 2 weeks within the diagnosis. Conclusion : We conclude that the prevalence of VUR according to the timing of VCUG did not differ between the two groups in infantile UTI with renal cortical defect in DMSA scan. We also found that performing VCUG with antibiotics can decrease risk of VCUG-induced UTI.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2004

This study was performed to examine the effects of catalase and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol ($\beta$ME) on the establishment of clonal lines from porcine fetal fibroblast cells. Fibroblasts derived from a pig fetus (Day 50) were passaged two times before use. A single cell was seeded in 96-well plates and cultured in medium supplemented with or without catalase or $\beta$ ME. Cell colonies were passaged two times into 4-well dish. Cell lines with proliferating potential were classified as an established clonal cell line. In experience 1, the establishment efficiencies were examined by addition of catalase (100ng/$m\ell$) or $\beta$ME (100 uM) in culture medium. The establishment efficiency of $\beta$ME-added group (8.3％) was significantly higher than that of control group (3.2％, P<0.05). However, catalase did not have a positive efffct on the establishment efficiency. In experience 2, the establishment efficiencies were examined by addition of different concentrations of catalase (0-1,000 ng/$m\ell$) in culture medium. However, establishment efficiencies were not different among the different concentrations of catalase (0-2.6％). In experience 3. the establishment efficiencies were examined by addition of different concentrations of $\beta$ME(0-1,000 uM) in culture medium. The establishment efficiency was significantly higher in 100 uM $\beta$ME-added group (9.4％) compare to others (0-1.6％). The result of present study shows that the establishment efficiency of clonal cell lines can be enhanced by the culture in media supplemented with 100uM $\beta$ME. However, catalase did not have a positive effect on the establishment efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

An understanding of soil-structure interaction is the key to rational and economical design for laterally loaded drilled shafts. It is very difficult to formulate the ultimate lateral capacity into a general equation because of the inherent soil nonlincarity, nonhomogeneity, and complexity enhanced by the three dimensional and asymmetric nature of the problem though extensive research works on the behavior of deep foundations subjected to lateral loads have been conducted for several decades. This study reviews the four most well known methods (i.e., Reese, Broms, Hansen, and Davidson) among many design methods according to the specific site conditions, the drilled shaft geometric characteristics (D/B ratios), and the loading conditions. And the hyperbolic lateral capacities (H$_h$) interpreted by the hyperbolic transformation of the load-displacement curves obtained from model tests carried out as a part of this research have been compared with the ultimate lateral capacities (Hu) predicted by the four methods. The H$_u$ / H$_h$ ratios from Reese's and Hansen's methods are 0.966 and 1.015, respectively, which shows both the two methods yield results very close to the test results. Whereas the H$_u$ predicted by Davidson's method is larger than H$_h$ by about $30\%$, the C.0.V. of the predicted lateral capacities by Davidson is the smallest among the four. Broms' method, the simplest among the few methods, gives H$_u$ / H$_h$ : 0.896, which estimates the ultimate lateral capacity smaller than the others because some other resisting sources against lateral loading are neglected in this method. But it results in one of the most reliable methods with the smallest S.D. in predicting the ultimate lateral capacity. Conclusively, none of the four can be superior to the others in a sense of the accuracy of predicting the ultimate lateral capacity. Also, regardless of how sophisticated or complicated the calculating procedures are, the reliability in the lateral capacity predictions seems to be a different issue.