• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.195-208
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• 2004

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aconiti Tuber on the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in mice stimulated by intracerebroventricular(I.C.V.) Injection of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Method: 6 mice were assigned to each of the normal group, the control group, and the experimental group. In the normal group only saline was administered intragastrically, and in the control group LPS was injected intracerebro-ventricularly 1 hr after intragastric administration of saline. In the experimental groups (Aconiti Tuber 0.5g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) each sample was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection. To measure the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level of mice, their blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$, and plasma was removed and stored frozen at $-83^{\circ}C$ for later determination of plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Result : 1. LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma IL-6 level significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with normal group(P<0.01). The plasma IL-6 concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level significantly in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). The plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). 2. Sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.0635), and sample B group (Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg) showed significant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P〈0.05), and sample C group (Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) showed significant lower IL-6 plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). 3. sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in 1 hr than control group(P>0.05), and Both sample B(1.0g/kg) and sample C(3.0g/kg) groups showed significant lower $TNF-{\alpha}$ plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). These data revealed that Aconiti Tuber might have the anti inflammatory effect by reducing the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in a dose dependent manner in mice LPS I.C.V. Injection.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

This paper proposes a balance-swap method for the dynamic economic load dispatch problem. Based on the premise that all generators shall be operated at valve-points, the proposed algorithm initially sets the maximum generation power at $P_i{\leftarrow}P_i^{max}$. As for generator i with $_{max}c_i$, which is the maximum operating cost $c_i=\frac{F(P_i)-F(P_{iv_k})}{(P_i-P_{iv_k})}$ produced when the generation power of each generator is reduced to the valve-point $v_k$, the algorithm reduces i's generation power down to $P_{iv_k}$, the valve-point operating cost. When ${\Sigma}P_i-P_d$ > 0, it reduces the generation power of a generator with $_{max}c_i$ of $c_i=F(P_i)-F(P_i-1)$ to $P_i{\leftarrow}P_i-1$ so as to restore the equilibrium ${\Sigma}P_i=P_d$. The algorithm subsequently optimizes by employing an adult-step method in which power in the range of $_{min}\{_{max}(P_i-P_i^{min}),\;_{max}(P_i^{max}-P_i)\}$>${\alpha}{\geq}10$ is reduced by 10; a baby step method in which power in the range of 10>${\alpha}{\geq}1$ is reduced by 1; and a swap method for $_{max}[F(P_i)-F(P_i-{\alpha})]$>$_{min}[F(P_j+{\alpha})-F(P_j)]$, $i{\neq}j$ of $P_i=P_i{\pm}{\alpha}$, in which power is swapped to $P_i=P_i-{\alpha}$, $P_j=P_j+{\alpha}$. It finally executes minute swap process for ${\alpha}=\text{0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001}$. When applied to various experimental cases of the dynamic economic load dispatch problems, the proposed algorithm has proved to maximize economic benefits by significantly reducing the optimal operating cost of the extant Heuristic algorithm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 1994

In the course of study of dendroids, Czuba [3] introduced a notion of $R^{i}$ -continua which is a generalization of R-arc [1]. He showed a new class of non-contractible dendroids, namely of dendroids which contain an $R^{i}$ -continuum. Subsecequently Charatonik [2] attempted to extend the notion into hyperspace C(X) of metric continuum X. In so doing, there were some oversights in extending some of the results relating $R^{i}$ -continua of dendroids for metric continua. In fact, Proposition 1 in [2] is false (see example C below) and his proof of Theorem 6 in [2] is not correct (Take Example 4 in [4] with K = [e,e'] as an $R^{1}$-continuum of X and work it out. Then one seens that K not .mem. K as he claimed otherwise.). The aims of this paper are to introduce a notion of w-regular convergence which is weaker than 0-regular convergence and to prove that the w-regular convergence of a sequence {Xn}$^{\infty}$$_{n=1}$ to $X_{0}$ of subcontinua of a metric continuum X is a necessary and sufficient for the sequence {C( $X_{n}$)}$^{\infty}$$_{n=1}$ to converge to C( $X_{0}$ ), and also to prove that if a metric continuum X contains an $R^{i}$ -continuum with w-regular convergence, then the hyperspace C(X) of X contains $R^{i}$ -continuum.inuum.uum.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.673-688
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• 2011

Let $n{\geq}2$ be an even integer. We investigate that if an odd mapping f : X ${\rightarrow}$ Y satisfies the following equation $2_{n-2}C_{\frac{n}{2}-1}rf\(\sum\limits^n_{j=1}{\frac{x_j}{r}}\)\;+\;{\sum\limits_{i_k{\in}\{0,1\} \atop {{\sum}^n_{k=1}\;i_k={\frac{n}{2}}}}\;rf\(\sum\limits^n_{i=1}(-1)^{i_k}{\frac{x_i}{r}}\)=2_{n-2}C_{{\frac{n}{2}}-1}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}f(x_i),$ then f : X ${\rightarrow}$ Y is additive, where $r{\in}R$. We also prove the stability in normed group by using shadowing property and the Hyers-Ulam stability of the functional equation in Banach spaces and in Banach modules over unital C-algebras. As an application, we show that every almost linear bijection h : A ${\rightarrow}$ B of unital $C^*$-algebras A and B is a $C^*$-algebra isomorphism when $h(\frac{2^s}{r^s}uy)=h(\frac{2^s}{r^s}u)h(y)$ for all unitaries u ${\in}$ A, all y ${\in}$ A, and s = 0, 1, 2,....

• 전기의세계
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.17-20
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• 1972

The magnetic properties of Ba-Ferrite ( $M^{+2}$O.nF $e_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is highly improved under the condition of composition ratio n=4.4 when B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is added to Ferrite, the adding amount and sintering temperature which affect the magnetic properties were investigated and the following results; were obtained; 1. Magnetic properties are varied with B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ content and singering temperature, and coercive force and residual induction can be improved with B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$. 2. The optimal content of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ amount is about 4 mol %, 3. Without the addition of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$, the optimal sintering temperature is about 1300.deg. C, but when 4 mol % of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$ is added, the optimal sintering temperature falls to the range of 900.deg. C to 1100.deg. C and it also improves magnetic properties. 4. Residual induction increases as the singering temperature is raised to 1100.deg. C. Coercive force also increased as the sintering temperature is raised to 1000.deg. C, but it rapidly decreases when sintering temperature goes beyond 1000.deg. C. 5. Only a negligible change may be noticed in the decrease of Curie temperature by the addition of about 4 mol % of B $i_{2}$ $O_{3}$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.265-267
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• 2002

This paper deals with an I/O simulator design for performance evaluation of reactor protection systems in nuclear power plants. The I/O simulator provides input signals for the reactor protection system, and acquires output signals from the initiation circuits. The simulator is based on VMEbus system, and all VMEbus boards are developed within the country.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 1964

The linear combination of bond orbitals method is used to investigate the reactivity of halomethanes in abstraction reactions by atoms. The activation energy is evaluated on the assumption that, in an activated complex, two electrons in a bond to be broken become completely isolated from the rest of the ${\sigma}$-electron systems. Such a model leads to an intuitively attractive concept that the interactions between the reactive bond and the neighboring bonds govern the reactivity of ${\sigma}$-electron systems. The resulting equation for the activation energy, ${\varepsilon},\;is:\;{\narepsilon}= ${\varepsilon}={\zeta}+$$${\sum}_{i=1}^3$${\eta}c-I,$ c-4 Here, subscript C-4 indicates the bond to be broken, while C-i represents the other three bonds surrounding the reactive bond; ξ is the activation energy of a hypothetical reaction of an isolated C-4 bond and an attacking atom; and ${\eta}$C-i,C-4 stems from the stabilizing interacting of C-4 bond with neighboring C-i bonds. A choie of η′s consistent with bond strength data simplifies the above equation to a form ${\varepsilon}={\zeta}\;+\;N{\eta}c$-H, C-4 where N denotes the number of C-H plus C-F bond in halomethanes. In agreement with this equation, experimental -values increase linearly with increasing N.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.660-671
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• 2003

A chemical investigation of Peucedanum praeruptorum has resulted in the isolation of 3 khellactone derivatives, which have inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cell lines. The khellactone derivatives were isolated from the crude extract of the roots of Pecedanum praeruptorum by a combination of adsorption chromatography and HPLC. The structures of isolated compounds were identified as 3', 4'-diangeloyl-cis-khellactone, 3'-angeloyl-4'-senecioyl-cis-khellactone and, 3', 4'-disenecioyl-cis-khellactone by $^1$H NMR, $^{13}$ C NMR and mass spectral studies and by comparisons of spectral data with reported literatures. These khellactone derivatives can be a good candidate for new skin whitening agent due to its strong inhibitory activity and safety.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.448-453
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• 1999

A Pd-SiC Schottky diode for detection of hydrogen gas operating at high temperature was explored. Hydrogen-sensing behaviors of Pd-SiC Schottky diode were analyzed as a function of hydrogen concentration and temperature by I-V and ${\Delta}I$-t methods under steady-state and transient conditions. The effect of hydrogen adsorption on the barrier height was investigated. Analysis of the steady-state kinetics using I-V method confirmed that the atomistic hydrogen adsorption process is responsible for the barrier height change in the diode.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

Ginseng total saponins (GTS) injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at doses from 0.1-1 vs inhibited the i.c.v. injection stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels in mice. The inhibitory action of GTS was blocked by co-administered NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1.5 us, i.c.v.), an. inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Of the ginsenosides Rbl, Rba, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rgl,20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)-Rg3 injected i.c.v. at doses from 0.01 to 0.3ug(or 1 uE),20(5)-Rg3 and Rc significantly inhibited the o.c.v. injection stress-induced Plasma corticosterone levels. The inhibitory actions of 20(S)-Rg3 and Rc were blocked by co-administered L-NAME (1.5 n, i.c.v.). These results suggest that G75, 20(S)-Rg3 and Rc may inhibit the i.c.v. injection stress-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal response by inducing NO production in the brain.