• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.630-634
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the current(2003-2005) prevalence of anti-HBs and immunologic memory for Hepatitis B vaccine in children from the central area of Korea. Methods : Subjects were chosen from children and adolescents who received tests for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and anti-HBs at Dankook University Hospital from March 2003 to May 2005. Among these, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen(IgG anti-HBc) were checked. A single booster vaccination was performed on children whose anti-HBs titers were under 10 mIU/mL. One month after booster vaccination we rechecked the anti-HBs titer. Results : A total of 3,277 subjects were tested for HBsAg/anti-HBs, and 1,913(58.4 percent) of them were positive for anti-HBs. Of these, 29 subjects(0.9 percent) were positive for HBsAg. Positive results for anti-HBs by age were 78.6 percent for 6-12 months of age, 62.7 percent for 1-3 years of age, 51.9 percent for 4-6 years of age, 49.5 percent for 7-12 years of age, 63.4 percent for 13-15 years of age and 72.2 percent for 16-18 years of age. The 80 subjects who were tested negative for HBsAg/anti-HBs received a single booster vaccine, 71 subjects were tested positive for antibodies. IgG anti-HBc titer was checked for 169 of the subjects, 5 subjects were positive. Conclusion : In our study, a significant anamnestic response was observed in 88.8 percent of children. This is believed to be a result of the relatively long immunologic memory effect of the hepatitis B vaccination in children from the central area of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.842-844
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• 2000

Changes in respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory moisture loss (RML), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) were monitored in 2 adults female goats each of the Saanen (S) and Toggenburg (T) breeds during 60 min of exercise (walking at 3 km/h) on a moving-belt treadmill on each of 6 alternate days. A significant $time{\times}breed$ interaction was observed for RR; mean values in Sand T after 60 min of exercise were 130 and 223 /min ($p{\leq}0.01$). The observed time x breed interaction for RT indicated that S was less stressed by exercise than T; mean values after 60 min exercise were 40.4 and $40.8^{\circ}C$ respectively ($p{\leq}0.01$). For RML, the $day{\times}breed$ interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$) indicated that while S had higher values on day 1, thereafter the values for T were higher. The $time{\times}breed$ interaction for RML/breath indicated that values for T declined more rapidly (from 9.4 to 3.1 mgjbreath) than those for S (from 8.3 to 4.1 mgjbreath; ($p{\leq}0.01$). PCV declined during exercise ($p{\leq}0.05$) by 5.5 percentage points. The exercise imposed was stressful in that it led to increases in RR, RT and RML. S was most tolerant of exercise in that it recorded lower values of RT. The fact that the RML/breath was higher during exercies in S apparently allowed it to compensate for a lower RR. Despite higher RR and RML, T also had a higher RT, suggesting either higher muscular heat production during exercise in that breed, or higher sweating losses in S.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2007

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary botanicals (herbs and plant extracts) on the performance, nutrient metabolizability, small intestinal microflora, IgG level and blood parameters in broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, 1,000 (500 each sex) broiler chicks($Ross^{(R)}$) were divided into 20 groups of 50 chickens each(25 birds each sex). Four groups were assigned to each of five dietary treatments:control and diets containing antibiotics($Avillamix^{(R)}$, avillamycin-premix), Herb M(Herb $mix^{(R)}$), Plant extract B(BIOSTRONG $510^{(R)}$) and Plant extract A($APEX^{(R)}$). In Exp. 2, 240(120 each sex) broiler chicks($Ross^{(R)}$) were devided into six treatment groups:control and diets containing antibiotics($Avillamix^{(R)}$, avillamycin-premix), Plant extract D($Digestarom^{(R)}$), Plant extract P($Phellozyme^{(R)}$), Plant extract G($Galicin^{(R)}$) and Plant extract C(CRINA $POULTRY^{(R)}$). Each treatment consisted of four replicates of 10 birds each. In both experiments, birds had free access to diets and water for 5 wk on floor pens(Exp. 1) and cages(Exp. 2). In Exp.1, production index of groups fed diets supplemented with herbs and plant extracts was slightly higher than the control and those fed Herb M was highest. In Exp. 2, groups fed diets supplemented with herbs and plant extracts consumed more feed than the control during the period between 4 and 5 wk(P<0.05). Feed conversion(feed/gain) was lower in antibiotics group than other groups. The values of RBC, Hb and HCT were higher(P<0.05) in chicken fed diets supplemented with the additives than in the control in Exp. 1. BA value was lower(P<0.05) in groups fed diets supplemented with the additives than in the control in Exp. 2. Serum IgG were higher(P<0.05) in groups fed diets supplemented with the additives than in the control in both experiments. The cfu of intestinal microflora and metabolizability of nutrients were not significantly different among treatments in both experiments. It was concluded that the botanical supplements can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.206-215
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• 2011

Currently, metabolic surgery (Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, LRYGB) has an important role and should be recommended as an intervention in the management of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A successful outcome of surgery requires medical nutrition therapy. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study on 25 patients with T2DM who underwent LRYGB at Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital from October 2008 to May 2010. The patients were followed up for an average of 6 months after surgery (range: 2~19 months). Diabetes was resolved in 80% of the patients. Percentage of excess weight loss was (%EWL) was 56.2%. After surgery, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c were significantly reduced (123 mg/dl, A1c 6.7%, P<0.001) and triglyceride was also significantly reduced to 107.6 mg/dl (P<0.05). As diets of the patients progressed from liquid to soft to regular diet, energy, carbohydrates, and fat intakes increased significantly (P<0.001). But protein intake did not change significantly. Nutrient intake of the patients after the surgery was significantly lower than the recommended diet for the non-surgery group. Patients experienced side-effects related to the diets after surgery, including hair-loss (76%), smelly gas (52%), vomiting (48%), etc. A significantly positive correlation was observed between vomiting and FBS (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between side effects and the amount of nutrient intakes. Therefore, guide patients to a diet progression with treatment to minimize side effects, especially vomiting. And monitor their dietary life to be healthy and not to regain weight until remission of T2DM.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.386-399
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined whether the supply of healthy Korean diets for 12 weeks is effective in improving the risk factors related to serum GGT and cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods: This study selected 41 patients, who were treated with hypertension and diabetes. The Korean diet was composed of cooked-rice, soup, kimchi, and various banchan with one serving called bapsang, which emphasize proportionally high consumption of vegetables and fermented foods, moderate to high consumption of legumes and fish, and low consumption of animal foods. The control group was instead instructed to "eat and exercise as usual" while following the Korean Diabetes Association's dietary guidelines with an intake that can assist in glycemic control, maintain adequate weight, and meet the nutritional requirements. The Korean diet group (21 patients) were served three healthy Korean meals a day for 12 weeks, and the control group (20 patients, who trained in the diet guideline of diabetes) maintained their usual diabetic diet. The serum GGT, blood pressure, heart rate, glycemic control data, cardiovascular risk indicators, and changes in diet measured at the four visits (week 0, 4, 8, and 12) during the course of 12 weeks were compared and evaluated. Results: The serum GGT (p < 0.001), HbA1c (p = 0.004), heart rate (p = 0.007), weight (p = 0.002), Body Mass Index (p = 0.002), body fat mass (p < 0.001), body fat (%) (p < 0.001), and free fatty acid (p = 0.007) in the Korean diet group decreased significantly after the dietary intervention compared to the control group. The amount of intake of rice, whole grains, green vegetables, Kimchi, and soybean fermented food were increased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The Korean diet group showed significant decreases (p < 0.001) in the intake of animal protein, lipid, and cholesterol derived from animal foods compared to the control group but significant increases (p < 0.001) in the intake of total calories, folic acid, dietary fiber, sodium, potassium, and vitamins A, E, and C. Conclusion: In patients with hypertension and diabetes, it was confirmed that regular eating of a healthy Korean diet helps improve the risk factors for GGT and cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.294-300
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oxibustion on complications of Diabetes Millitus. We collected 23 patients with glycosurea complications in Songeui Oriental Hospital from April, 2003 to July, 2003, and then expremented Moxibustion, medical examinations and laboratory test for 4 weeks. At the symptons change : Among the symptons which the number over 5 persons of patients is reserved, dysaesthesia of limbs, neuralgic pain, urinary frequent urination, dpontaneous perspiration, thirst, decrease of body weight and malaise showed the improvement over 60%(n=23). Level of FBS was don't have the significant meaning however showed the tendency of the desent, and level of HbA1c significantly decreased after treatment(P&0.001)(n=19).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

The Allium tuberosum is a perennial herb. From the ancient times, it has been used for food or medical purpose. Allium tuberosum is widely distributed in Korea, China, Japan and other countries. As herbal medicine, the Allium tuberosum has medical effects on lumbago, sthenia, diuresis, nocturia, hematemesis, anemia, haemorrhoid, hiccups, diarrhea, eczema, sunstroke, pollution and so on. Recently, the Allium tuberosum has been studied on its components, anti-microorganism action, anti-fungal action, anti-arteriosclerosis action, anti-cancer action. However, there has not been any study on hematological effect of allium tuberosum extract on the blood in large dogs whereas the effects of excess garlic and onion on the blood of cattle, horses, dogs, cats and sheep has been reported by many researchers. Thus, this study was performed to observe the hematological effect of excessive Allium tuberosum extract administrated in large dogs. 1. The Red Blood Cell(R3C) count was significantly decreased(p<0.05), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) count were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and Reticulocyte count was significantly increased(p<0.05) 2. The White Blood Cell(WBC) count was significantly increased(p<0.05).3. The Hemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased(p<0.05) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) was increased. and Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) was significantly increased.(p<0.05). 4. The Reduced glutathione(GSH) and Met-Hemoglobin were significantly increased (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate health literacy, diabetic knowledge, and diabetic self-care among foreign diabetic patients at a hospital in South Korea. Methods: Participants was 134 foreign patients diagnosed with diabetes and who understand English. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Results: Health literacy significantly differed with HbA1c levels, whereas diabetic knowledge significantly differed with education levels, and time since diagnosed. Diabetic self-care significantly differed with time since the diagnosis. Health literacy significantly differed with diabetic knowledge and diabetic self-care. There was a correlation between health literacy and diabetic knowledge and between diabetic knowledge and diabetic self-care but not between health literacy and diabetic self-care. Conclusion: There are significant results on health literacy, diabetic knowledge and diabetic self-care. Subject with adequate health literacy had high scores on diabetic knowledge and self-care.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 1984

To investigate the factors influencing the artifical transformation in Escherichia coli, E. coli C600 was transformed by pBR322 DNA with tetracycline and ampicillin resistant gene purified by CsCl-Etbr equilibrium density gradient centrifugation from E.coli HB 101. The influencing factors in the transformation such as concentration of calcium chloride, time of ice incubation, temperature and time of heat shock, time of gene expression, effects of plasmid DNA concentration and adding time were examined in these experiments. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The highest transformation frequency was observed in the treatments of 100 mM $CaCl_2$ before heat shock and the treatment of $CaCl_2$ was essential step in the process of E. coli transformation. 2. The highest transformation frequency was observed in the treatment of heat shock at $42^{\circ}C$ for 4 min. or $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 min., but the prolonged heat shock resulted a decreased transformation frequency. 3. Treatments of ice incubation at $0^{\circ}C$ for 45 min. before heat stocks or at $0^{\circ}C$ for 30min. after heat shock resulted an increased transformation frequency. 4. There was a linear relationship between DNA concentration and transformation frequency at the concentration of $8{\times}10^3$ recipient cells. The highest transformation frequency reached in carte of 7 mcg of donor DNA, but above 1 mcg of DNA concentration, transformation frequency was not remarkably increased. Addition of donor DNA just after the treatment of $CaCl_2$ was the best. 5. The best condition of gene expression at $37^{\circ}C$ were 40min. for TC-resistant gene and 100min. for AP-resistant gene. TC-resistant gene was higher in the transformation frequency and faster in the gene expression time than AP-resistant gene. In these results, the best conditions for the transformation of E. coli C 600 with pBR322 DNA were: treatment with 100mM $CaCl_2$, ice incubation at $0^{\circ}C$ for 45 min, heat shock at $42^{\circ}C$ for 4 min., 30 min. of ice incubation and incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 100min. for gene expression in that order.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

HM41322 is a novel oral sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1/2 dual inhibitor. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic profiles of HM41322 were compared to those of dapagliflozin. HM41322 showed a 10-fold selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1. HM41322 showed an inhibitory effect on SGLT2 similar to dapagliflozin, but showed a more potent inhibitory effect on SGLT1 than dapagliflozin. The maximum plasma HM41322 level after single oral doses at 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg were 142, 439, and 1830 ng/ml, respectively, and the $T_{1/2}$ was 3.1 h. HM41322 was rapidly absorbed and reached the circulation within 15 min. HM41322 maximized urinary glucose excretion by inhibiting both SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the kidney. HM41322 3 mg/kg caused the maximum urinary glucose excretion in normoglycemic mice ($19.32{\pm}1.16mg/g$) at 24 h. In normal and diabetic mice, HM41322 significantly reduced glucose excursion. Four-week administration of HM41322 in db/db mice reduced HbA1c in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, HM41322 showed a favorable preclinical profile of postprandial glucose control through dual inhibitory activities against SGLT1 and SGLT2.