• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.719-732
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• 2003

A kojic acid derivative, kojic acid 7-O-$\beta$-D-tetraacetylglucopyranoside(KTG) was synthesized. Regio-and stereo-selective glycosylation at 7-postion in kojic acid with $\beta$-D-pentaacetylglucose was achieved with high yield(80％) by the use of Lewis acid and organic base in nonpolar solvent. KTG was hydrolyzed in methanol by the aid of sodium methoxide to give kojic acid 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside(KGP). KGP is freely soluble in water and soluble in methanol and ethanol. Its structure was comfirmed by $^1$H-NMR and $^{13}$ C-NMR. Tyrosinase activity inhibition of KGP was measured with mushroom tyrosinase compared with ascorbic acid, kojic acid and arbutin. KGP showed higher tyrosinase inhibition activity($IC_{50}$/=33.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) than ascorbic acid(63.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and arbutin(91.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) but lower inhibition activity than kojic acid(8.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). To test free-radical scavenging activity, we used 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) as a free-radical source. Free-radical scavenging activity of KGP was very low($SC_{50}$/>1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) compared with ascorbic acid($SC_{50}$/=2.68 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and arbutin($SC_{50}$/=180$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). Melanin formation inhibition of KGP was measured in B16 melanoma, compared with kojic acid, arbutin and Vitamin C. Inhibition activity of KGP for melanin formation was not found within test concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1996

The studies was carried out to investigate ripening degree and functional properties of EMC produced with pancreatic protease and palatase ML. During production of EMC, the amounts of free amino acid and free fatty acid were increased with increasing the reaction time. The amount of total nitrogen(T-N) and water soluble nitrogen(WSN) were increased with increasing time. EMC had contents of 1.79eA T-N and 0.52o WSN at 60 min of hydrolysis time. SRI and FRI value had also a similar correlationship. On the gel filtration, 2 kinds of soluble proteining capacity was also shown in alkali solution. Furthermore the foaming stability had the same result as that of the solubility. The water absorption of EMC showed the highest level at pH 4.0 and 5.0.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1953

The leaves of prunus padus L. var. Seoulensis Nakai distributed widely in Korea, were extracted with boiling alcohol(95%) after being mixed with calcium carbonate. The aqueous solution distilled off alcohol from the above filtered extract under the reduced pressure was evaporated to the dryness. The residue was extracted with acetic ether on the water-bath and the acetic ether solution extract was allowed to stand for a weck after removing out of acetic ether almostly, then a colorless necdles were Crystalized out which has the following characteristics : $C_{14}$ $H_{17}$ $O_{6}$ N, began to melt at 138-139.deg. bitter taste [.alpha.]$_$ $D^{20}$ ]=-26.99.deg. soluble in water, alcohol acetone acetic ether etc. slightly soluble in chloroform. It was proved to be identical with prunasine due to above characteristics and determination of Benzal-dehyde HCN and glucose respectively which was obtained on hydrolysis of this glycoside with emulsine.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2003

The atmospheric aerosols collected at the 1100 site located in Mt. Halla have been analyzed to investigate their compositions and chemical characteristics . The average concentrations of water-soluble cations were in the order of N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > N $a^{+}$ > $K^{+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ during the spring, showing high increase of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration with the value of 0.60 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ $m^3$, and N $H_{4}$$^{+}$> N $a^{+}$> $K^{+}$> $Ca^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ during the other seasons. The average concentrations of anions have shown in the order of S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$ > N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ >C $l^{[-10]}$ for all seasons, and S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$ and N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ had higher concentrations in spring with the values of 4.84 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ $m^3$ and 1.08 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ $m^3$, respectively. From the analytical data of size-segregated particles by cascade impactor sampling, the components of N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$, N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ and $K^{+}$ were distributed mainly in fine particles, but $Ca^{2+}$, N $a^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and C $l^{[-10]}$ were included mostly in coarse particles. The correlation coefficients of nss-S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$/N $H_{4}$$^{+}$, nss-S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$/ $K^{+}$ and N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ /nss-C $a^{2+}$ showed quite high values with 0.871, 0.857 and 0.654, respectively Based on the study of enrichment factors, it is considered that N $a^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ components were delivered from oceanic and soil sources, but S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$, N $O_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ and N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ might have other source origins. The factor analysis study showed the aerosol at the 1100 site was influenced mainly by anthropogenic factors, followed by oceanic and soil factors. followed by oceanic and soil factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.915-921
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• 1996

An alkaline pretense Producing microorganism was isolated from Korean traditional soy sauce and identified as Bacillus subtilis CCKS-111. The optimum culture condition of Bacillus subtilis CCKS-111 for the production of alkaline pretense was as follow: 2% soluble starch, 0.2% peptone, 0.1% (NB$_4$)$_2$S$_2$O$_{8}$ , 0.2% MgSO$_4$, pH 7.0, 35$^{\circ}C$ and 24hrs. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity of alkaline pretense producing Bacillus subtilis CCKS-111 were pH 9.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was relatively stable at pH 6.0~11.0 and at temperature below 4$0^{\circ}C$. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by $K^{+}$ and Hg$^{2+}$, whereas Cu$^{2+}$ exhibited rather activating effects on the enzyme activity. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride inhibited the enzyme activity. This indicates that this is serine pretense which requires metal ion group for the enzyme activity. Km value was 2.313$\times$10$^{-4}$ M/L, V$_{max}$ value was 39.216$\mu\textrm{g}$/min. This enzyme hydrolyzed casein more rapidly than the hemoglobin.lobin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 1960

Quantitative determination of Arsenic acid by precipitation of Arsenic acid as ZnNH$_{4}$AsO$_{4}$ and titration of Zn in the precipitate by EDTA has been investigated. Conclusion are as follows; 1) ZnNH$_{4}$AsO$_{4}$ was Soluble in NH$_{4}$Cl-NH$_{4}$OH buffer solution of pH lo and back-titration was unnecessary as in the case of MGNH$_{4}$AsO$_{4}$. 2) The end point was clear whether AsO$_{4}$$^{-3}$ present or not. 3) More simple and rapid method than that of Gravi metric method. 4) Could be determined within 0.3% error.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1881-1890
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• 2016

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a vital enzyme that protects cells from free radicals through eliminating superoxide radicals ($O^{2-}$). Hirudin, a kind of small active peptide molecule, is one of the strongest anticoagulants that can effectively cure thrombus diseases. In this study, we fused Hirudin to the C terminus of human MnSOD with the GGGGS linker to generate a novel dual-feature fusion protein, denoted as hMnSOD-Hirudin. The hMnSOD-Hirudin gene fragment was cloned into the pET15b (SmaI, CIAP) vector, forming a recombinant pET15b-hMnSOD-Hirudin plasmid, and then was transferred into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta-gami for expression. SDS-PAGE was used to detect the fusion protein, which was expected to be about 30 kDa upon IPTG induction. Furthermore, the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein was heavily detected as a soluble form in the supernatant. The purification rate observed after Ni NTA affinity chromatography was above 95%. The hMnSOD-Hirudin protein yield reached 67.25 mg per liter of bacterial culture. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by western blotting. The hMnSOD-Hirudin protein activity assay evinced that the antioxidation activity of the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein obtained was $2,444.0{\pm}96.0U/mg$, and the anticoagulant activity of the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein was $599.0{\pm}35.0ATU/mg$. In addition, in vitro bioactivity assay showed that the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein had no or little cytotoxicity in H9c2, HK-2, and H9 (human $CD_4{^+}$, T cell) cell lines. Transwell migration assay and invasion assay showed that the hMnSOD-Hirudin protein could suppress human lung cancer 95-D cell metastasis and invasion in vitro.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.843-848
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• 2011

In Korea, China, and Japan, Paeonia lactiflora Pall (PL) has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, and fever for more than 1200 years. It has been reported that PL has protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and LPS-induced liver inflammation. However cellular and molecular mechanism of PL protection against oxidative stress has not fully been elucidated. Here, we describe that the water-soluble extract of PL decreased $H_2O_2$-induced hepatotoxicity. This hepatoprotective effect of PL is reason to decrease the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increase expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) which proteins are involved in protecting the cells from stress like as oxidative stress. We also elucidated that hepatoprotective effect of PL was abolished by knock down of HO-1 and HSP72 by siRNA. These results suggest that the increasing of HO-1 and HSP72 protein by PL treatment might be participated in hepatoprotective effect against oxidative stress such as $H_2O_2$.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2009

The effect of organic acids on the adsorption of U(VI) onto oxide surfaces ($TiO_2)$(anatase), $SiO_2$(amorphous) and $Al_2O_3$(amorphous)) has been investigated. Two different organic acids, salicylic and picolinic acids, were used. Changes of adsorption ratio of U(VI), which depend on the existence of organic acids in a sample, were measured as a function of pH. Quantities of adsorbed organic acids, which depend on the existence of U(VI) in a sample, were also measured as a function of pH. It is confirmed that the soluble complex formation of U(VI) with organic acids can deteriorate the adsorption of U(VI) onto $TiO_2$ surface. It is noteworthy that salicylic acid does not affect the adsorption of U(VI) onto $SiO_2$ surface, however, picolinic acid enhances the adsorption of U(VI) onto $SiO_2$ surface. The latter effect can be understood by considering the formation of a ternary surface complex on $SiO_2$ surface, which was confirmed by the co-adsorption of picolinic acid with U(VI) and the change in a fluorescence spectra of U(VI) on surface, In the case of $Al_2O_3$, organic acids themselves were largely adsorbed onto a surface without deteriorating the adsorption of U(VI). This would support the possibility of a ternary surface complex formation on the $Al_2O_3$ surface, and an additional spectroscopic study is required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.408-413
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• 2007

The dried bark of Platycarya strobilacea were ground, extracted with 95% EtOH, concentrated, and one of EtOH extracts was fractionated with a series of n-hexane, dichloromethane and another was fractionated with a series of petroleumether, $Et_2O$, ethyl acetate on a separatory funnel. A portion of dichloromethane soluble was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column ($72.0{\times}5.0cm$) using EtOH-$CHCl_3$ (7:3, v/v) as eluent and A portion of $Et_2O$ soluble was chromatographed on a silica gel column ($42.0{\times}3.5cm$) using $CHCl_3$-MeOH (9:3, v/v) as eluent. The isolated compounds were identified by TLC, $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR, HMBC and EI-MS. Two flavonoids and three flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the bark of P strobilacea. The structures were determined to quercetin (compound 1), myricetin (compound 2) as flavonol compounds and afzelin (compound 3), quercitrin (compound 4), myricitrin (compound 5) as flavonol glycosides, respectively, on the basis of spectrosopic data.