• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.252-252
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• 2017

Nowadays water shortage is becoming one of the biggest problems in the Korea. Many different methods are developed for conservation of water. Soil water management has become the most indispensable factor for augmenting the crop productivity especially on soybean (Glycine max L.) because of their high susceptibility to both water stress and water logging at various growth stages. The farmers have been using irrigation techniques through manual control which farmers irrigate lands at regular intervals. Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, especially for those who need to travel. If automatic irrigation systems are installed and programmed properly, they can even save you money and help in water conservation. Automatic irrigation systems can be programmed to provide automatic irrigation to the plants which helps in saving money and water and to discharge more precise amounts of water in a targeted area, which promotes water conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the possible effect of automatic irrigation systems based on soil moisture on soybean growth. This experiment was conducted on an upland field with sandy loam soils in Department of Southern Area Crop, NICS, RDA. The study had three different irrigation methods; sprinkle irrigation (SI), surface drip irrigation (SDI) and fountain irrigation (FI). SI was installed at spacing of $7{\times}7m$ and $1.8m^3/hr$ as square for per irrigation plot, a lateral pipe of SDI was laid down to 1.2 m row spacing with $2.3L\;h^{-1}$ discharge rate, the distance between laterals was 20 cm spacing between drippers and FI was laid down in 3m interval as square for per irrigation plot. Soybean (Daewon) cultivar was sown in the June $20^{th}$, 2016, planted in 2 rows of apart in 1.2 m wide rows and distance between hills was 20 cm. All agronomic practices were done as the recommended cultivation. This automatic irrigation system had valves to turn irrigation on/off easily by automated controller, solenoids and moisture sensor which were set the reference level as available soil moisture levels of 30% at 10cm depth. The efficiency of applied irrigation was obtained by dividing the total water stored in the effective root zone to the applied irrigation water. Results showed that seasonal applied irrigation water amounts were $60.4ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SI), $47.3ton\;10a^{-1}$ (SDI) and $92.6 ton\;10a^{-1}$ (FI), respectively. The most significant advantage of SDI system was that water was supplied near the root zone of plants drip by drip. This system saved a large quantity of water by 27.5% and 95.6% compared to SI, FI system. The average soybean yield was significantly affected by different irrigation methods. The soybean yield by different irrigation methods were $309.7kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SDI $282.2kg\;10a^{-1}$ from SI, $289.4kg\;10a^{-1}$ from FI, and $206.3kg\;10a^{-1}$ from control, respectively. SDI resulted in increase of soybean yield by 50.1%, 7.0% 9.8% compared to non-irrigation (control), FI and SI, respectively. Therefore, the automatic irrigation system supplied water only when the soil moisture in the soil went below the reference. Due to the direct transfer of water to the roots water conservation took place and also helped to maintain the moisture to soil ratio at the root zone constant. Thus the system is efficient and compatible to changing environment. The automatic irrigation system provides with several benefits and can operate with less manpower. In conclusion, improving automatic irrigation system can contribute greatly to reducing production costs of crops and making the industry more competitive and sustainable.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2010

경상대학교 농장 벤로형 유리온실($280m^2$)에 적외선등 난방 시스템을 설치하였다. 분식물 호접난, 홍콩야자나무, 무늬고무나무, 장미에 대한 적외선등 난방 시스템의 가열효과를 알아보고자 열화상 카메라를 이용하여 온도변화를 측정하였다. 그리고 난방의 효과를 적외선등 난방시스템 'On'과 'Off'로 달리하여 실험을 수행하였고 적외선등 난방 시스템의 경제성을 분석하였다. 온실 내부 설정온도가 $18^{\circ}C$일 때 식물체의 엽온도는 $22.8{\sim}27^{\circ}C$, 화분에 담겨 있는 배지의 온도는 $21.3{\sim}24.3^{\circ}C$이었다. 관엽식물과 같이 키가 큰 작물은 상부의 온도가 홍콩야자나무와 무늬고무나무 각각 $24.0^{\circ}C$와 $26.9^{\circ}C$로 가장 높았고, 아래 로 내려오면서 점점 온도가 내려가는 경향을 보였다. 열화상 카메라를 이용한 온도 변화 관찰을 통하여 적외선등 난방 시스템을 이용한 온실내 작물의 가열 효과는 충분함을 알 수 있었다. 장미의 경우 적외선등 난방 시스템을 이용한 난방의 경우 밤과 새벽 사이 외부 기온이 많이 떨어지는 시점에도 설정온도($18^{\circ}C$)에 가깝게 유지되고 있었다. 특히 'On' 상태에서 근권부 평균온도는 $21.8^{\circ}C$이었고, 엽의 평균온도는 $17.8^{\circ}C$이었다. 'Off' 상태의 경우 근권부 평균온도가 $20.4^{\circ}C$이었고, 엽의 평균온도는 $15.5^{\circ}C$로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 난방부하량은 약 $24,850{\sim}35,830kcal{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 정도로서 이 때 난방비를 경유로 환산 하면 약 27,000~40,000원 정도였다. 소비전력량과 전력요금은 각각 330~560 kWh 및 8,600~14,800원 정도였다. 즉 전체적으로 단순비교해 볼 때, 적외선등 난방 시스템을 사용할 경우 경유 온수보일러에 비해 난방비용이 약 35%정도 밖에 소요되지 않는 것을 알 수 있다. 적외선등 난방시스템을 이용한 난방의 경우 야간 시간대에 공기온도가 설정온도 보다는 다소 낮게 유지되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 즉, 유리온실의 경우 밀폐성이 좋지 않아서 공기온도를 설정한 온도수준으로 유지되지 못하는 것으로 판단되어 향후 유리온실에서 적외선등 난방 시스템을 이용하는 경우 설치간격, 센서 부착위치 및 공기대류 등에 대한 연구가 더 필요하다고 생각된다.