• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.804-809
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• 2005

The EtOAc-soluble fraction from a methanolic extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. exhibited neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. The neuroprotective activity-guided isolation resulted in 8 phenolic compounds (1-8), such as vanillic acid (1), ferulic acid (2), 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (3), (+)-aromadendrin (4), methyl vanillate (5), (-)-catechin (6), 2,3,4-trihydrobenzoic acid (7), and (+)-afzelechin (8). Among these, compounds 6 and 8 had a neuroprotective effect on the glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Furthermore, compound 6 had a DPPH free radical scavenging effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $57.7{\mu}M$, and a superoxide anion radical scavenging effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $8.0{\mu}M$. Both compounds 6 and 8 had ABTS cation radical scavenging effects with $IC_{50}$ values of $7.8{\mu}M\;and\;23.7${\mu}M$, respectively. These results suggest that compounds 6 and 8 could be neuroprotectants owing to their free radical scavenging activities.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

Objectives : A previous study demonstrated that the connecting points of three yang meridians attenuated changes of nNOS, and Norepinephrine(NE) in rats. The current study investigated the changes in nNOS, NO and NE upon the needle insertion at varying depths at the connecting point of three yin meridians of the hand. Methods : Needles were inserted into rats, on both left and right sides of the connecting point, including the LU7, HT5 and PC6 acupoints which are three yin meridians of the hand. After insertion, needles were retained for five minutes. Each acupuncture groups were treated acupuncture at each acupoint and at the depths of superficial, middle and deep layer. After the retention, blood was drawn via cardiac puncture, and tissues of each point near meridian vessel was extracted to examine the changes in the expression of nNOS, NO and NE. Results : Compared with the superficial layer group, nNOS production significantly decreased in the middle and deep layer at LU7 acupoint group and in the deep layer at HT5, PC6 acupoint group. The tissue NE decreased in the deep layer on PC6 acupoint and the plasma NE increased at the middle layer at LU7 acupoint group but decreased at the deep layer on at LU7 acupoint group. Conclusions : Acupuncture at connecting points of three yin meridians of the hand can regulate the activities of nNOS, and NE.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3113-3121
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• 2014

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate effects of DuP-697, an irreversible selective inhibitor of COX-2 on colorectal cancer cells alone and in combination with a promising new multi-targeted kinase inhibitor E7080. The HT29 colorectal cancer cell line was used. Real time cell analysis (xCELLigence system) was conducted to determine effects on colorectal cell proliferation, angiogenesis was assessed with a chorioallantoic membrane model and apoptosis was determined with annexin V staining. We found that DuP-697 alone exerted antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. For the antiproliferative effect the half maximum inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) was $4.28{\times}10^{-8}mol/L$. Antiangiogenic scores were 1.2, 0.8 and 0.5 for 100, 10 and 1 nmol/L DuP-697 concentrations, respectively. We detected apoptosis in 52% of HT29 colorectal cancer cells after administration of 100 nmol/L DuP-697. Also in combination with the thyrosine kinase inhibitor E7080 strong antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells were observed. This study indicates that DuP-697 may be a promising agent in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Additionally the increased effects observed in the combination with thyrosine kinase inhibitor give the possibility to use lower doses of DuP-697 and E7080 which can avoid and/or minimize side effects.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권3C호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2003

시공간 부호(space-time coding)는 무선통신 시스템의 성능 개선을 위한 효율적인 송신 다이버시티를 위해 설계된 부호화 방식이다. 이러한 시공간 부호를 이용한 송신 다이버시티의 경우 수신기에서는 각 송신 안테나에 대응되는 채널을 추정하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 시공간 부호를 이용하는 OFDM 시스템에서 삼각다항식에 기반한 채널 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 채널 추정 방법은 주어진 채널의 지연확산에 대해 기존의 방법 보다 계산의 복잡도 면에서 효율적이다 즉, QAM 변조방식의 경우 FFT 크기가 128일 때, 기존의 방법은 significant tap caching으로 Ｊ=7을 고려하면 TU, HT, BV 채널 각각에 대해 요구되는 복소곱의 수는 9852로 동일한 반면에 제안한 방법은 TU, HT, BU 채널 각각에 대해 2560, 7680, 3584의 복소곱을 요구한다. 제안한 방법은 최대 지연 확산이 작을수록 BER 성능과 계산의 복잡도의 개선을 동시에 가져온다. 부가적으로 채널의 지연 확산을 정확히 알지 못하는 경우에 대해 최대 지연 확산 추정을 위한 방법의 성능을 분석한다. 채널 추정 기법의 성능은 다양한 무선 채널에 대해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션에 의해 BER을 통해 분석한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.234-240
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• 1997

부유세포인 K-562 임체 혈액암세포 및 부착세포인 인체 AGS 위암세포, HT-29 결장암세포 및 MG-63 골육암세포를 이용하여, 10종의 십자회과채소들로부터 추출한 메탄을 추출물의 암세포 성장저해효과를 연구하였다. 모든 십자화과 채소시료는 K-562 인체혈액암세포에 대히 70% 이상의 암세포 증식억제효과를 보였는 데, 특히 브로콜리가 92.9%의 증식억제효과를 나타내 가장 효고가 좋았다. 위암세포인 AGS세포에서는 모든 시료들이 50%이상의 암세포성장 억제효과를 가졌는데, 이 경우 케일, 브로콜리, 냉이가 각각 93.5%, 93.5%, 96.3%의 매우 높은 위암세포의 중식억제효과를 보였다. 또한 사람의 결장암 세포인 HT-29의 경우 양배추, 배추, 케일, 냉이가 각각 82.4%, 72.1%, 79.4%, 95.6$\mid$의 증식억제효과를 보였고, MG-63 골육암세포에 대해서는 케일, 냉이가 각각 79.2%, 88.7%로 가장 높은 저해효과를 보여 일반적으로 십자화과 채소들은 인체암 세포의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으나 그중 케일과 냉이가 가장 효과가 좋았다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.125-142
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of neuronal activities for the acupuncture and laser acupuncture application. Methods: The subject were divided into 7 groups as control group without acupuncture, acupuncture treatment with tonify manipulation with the direction of channel at HT9, LR1(AT-A), acupuncture treatment with purge manipulation against the direction of channel at HT3, Kl10(AT-B), acupuncture treatment with tonify manipulation with the direction of channel at HT9, LR1 and purge manipulation against the direction of channel at HT3, KI10(AT-C), laser acupuncture treatment with red light 658 nm at HT9, LR1(LAT-A), laser acupuncture treatment with green light 532 nm at HT3, KI10(LAT-B), laser acupuncture treatment with red light 658 nm at HT9, LR1 and green light 532 nm at HT3, KI10(LAT-B). Antiapopotic effect of acupuncture was observed by Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome C. Neuroprotective effect of acupuncture was observed by cresyl violet and ChAT. Results: AT-A, AT-B, AT-C, LAT-A, LAT-B and LAT-C groups were significantly increased comparing the control groups in expression ChAT and in neuroprotective effect by cresyl violet. AT-A, AT-B, AT-C, LAT-A, LAT-B and LAT-C groups were significantly decreased comparing the control groups in expression Bax. AT-C, LAT-A, LAT-B and LAT-C groups were significantly increased comparing the control groups in expression Bcl-2. AT-A, AT-B, AT-C, LAT-A, LAT-B and LAT-C groups were significantly decreased comparing the control groups in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. LAT-B and LAT-C groups were significantly decreased comparing the control groups in expression cytochrome C. Conclusions: The acupuncture with tonify and purge manipulation and laser acupuncture with red and green light could be effective for antiapopotic and neuroprotective effect in focal brain ischemia.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HT008, a multi-herbal mixture consisting of 3 herbs, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Angelica sinensis, and Scutellaria baicaleinsis on arthritic model in rats. Methods : The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were observed by utilizing the following models: carrageenan-induced edema of the hind paw of rats, acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. The perimeter of the paw was measured before injection and then at 1, 2, 4, 6 h after injection of 1% $\lambda$-carrageenan. The HT008 at five dose levels (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and distilled water given 30 min to treatment groups and control group, before $\lambda$-carrageenan injection. In the writhing test, the mice received 0.7% acetic acid solution in normal saline injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 ml/kg. The number of writhes was counted staring 10 min after injection. Results : HT008 at four dose levels (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema perimeter. E. senticosus and S. baicaleinsis extracts reduced acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Also A. sinensis extracts significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema perimeter. Conclusions : These results show that HT008, a multi-herbal mixture has both anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic effects in vivo arthritic model, and suggest that HT008 could be a good therapy to treat human osteoarthritis.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2014

국소 진행성 직장암 환자에서 수술 전 항암방사선동시요법으로 치료시 추가적인 고주파 온열치료 유무가 수술 후 부작용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 1996년부터 2007년 사이, 본원에서 수술 전 항암방사선동시요법과 근치적 수술을 시행한 환자 205명을 대상으로 급, 만성부작용을 분석하였다. 총 방사선치료선량은 39.6 Gy에서 45 Gy였고 1회 내지 2회의 항암약물치료(5-fluorouracil, leucovorin)를 동시에 시행하였다. 88명의 환자가 주 2회, 8-MHz 고주파 온열치료기를 이용한 국소 온열치료를 시행하였다. 외과적 수술은 수술 전 치료 완결 후 4~6주 경과하여 시행하였다. 환자군의 나이 중앙값은 59세(18세~83세)이고 추적관찰기간 중앙값은 61개월(2개월~191개월)이었다. 전체 환자에서 5년 전체생존율과 무합병증 생존율은 77.4%와 73.7%였다. 각각의 조기 누출, 지연 누출, 연결부 협착, 누공, 소장폐쇄의 발생빈도는 1.0%, 2.9%, 1.5%, 5.9%, 그리고 17.1%였다. 온열치료는 모든 종류의 부작용을 증가시키지 않았다. 온열치료를 실시하지 않은 군과 온열치료군 간의 5년 무합병증 생존율은 71.8%와 76.3%였다(p=0.293). 온열치료는 수술전 항암방사선동시요법 후 근치적 수술을 시행하는 국소 진행 직장암 환자의 수술후 부작용을 증가시키지 않는다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.296-306
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• 2020

수압식 파고계(WTG)로 관측한 파고가 저파랑 환경에서 저평가되는 문제가 제기되어 왔으며 이 자료를 보정하여 관측오차를 줄이는 것은 WTG 실측자료를 사용해 항만정온도 기준을 개선하는데 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 네 지점에서 관측한 AWAC 및 부이식 파고계(Waverider buoy) 자료를 사용하여 동일 지점에서 관측한 WTG 유의파고를 보정하였다. 먼저 저파랑 조건 하에서 WTG 유의파고(H_m0) 값이 저평가되는 경우에도 유의파고와 첨두주기의 곱인 WTG HT는 저평가되지 않고 AWAC 및 부이식 파고계의 HT와 선형관계를 유지함을 발견하였으며, 이 선형성을 적용하여 WTG HT와 H_m0 간의 분포를 대표하는 3차 함수를 각 지점 별로 산정하였다. 이 함수를 사용하여 저파랑 임계파고로 설정한 0.7 m 이하의 WTG H_m0를 보정하였으며, 그 결과 보정된 WTG H_m0와 AWAC 및 Waverider buoy H_m0의 선형관계가 향상되었고 저평가되었던 파고도 상당부분 개선되었음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 적용하면 HT의 선형성이 유지되는 타 지역의 WTG 관측 파고를 보정하는 일과, 나아가 보다 정확한 실측자료를 제공해 해당 항만의 개선된 정온도 기준을 마련하는 일에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2005

Objectives : The acupuncture has been used as treatment of disease in the oriental medicine. In this study, it was investigated at had an effects of Heart JEONGGYEOK(心正格) of SAAM five evolutive phase acupuncture techniques(舍岩五行鑛法) for appling deficiency in the heart induced by experimental focal ischemia. Materials and methods : The focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2hours. The groups divided into 6 groups, normal(intactness group), control(no therapy group after ischemia-induced), AT1(reinforcing acupoint of Heart JEONGGYEOK : acupuncture therapy group at LR1, HT9 after ischemia-induced), AT2(reinforcing acupoint of Kidney JEONGGYEOK : acupuncture therapy group at LU8, KI7 after ischemia-induced) AT3(combination of reinforcing acupoint of Heart JEONGGYEOK and Kidney JEONGGYEOK : acupuncture therapy group at LR1, HT9, LU8, KI7 after ischemia-induced) AT4(reinforcing and reducing acupoint of Heart JEONGGYEOK : acupuncture therapy group at LR1, HT9, HT3, KI10 after ischemia-induced), AT4(reinforcing and reducing acupoint of Heart JEONGGYEOK : acupuncture therapy group at LRI, HT9, HT3, KI10 after ischemia-induced). Acupuncture therapy was carried out during 3 weeks after focal ischemia-induced. Eight-arm radial maze was used for the behavioral task and neuropretective effect of acupuncture therapy was observed by Cresyl violet, AchE, ChAT-stain. Results : The error rate in the eight-arm radial maze task was significantly decreased in AT3 group on 3days, in AT1 and AT4 groups on 4days, in AT3 and AT4 groups on 5days compared to the control group. The rate of correct choice was significantly increased AT4 group compared to the control group. The density of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 were significantly increased in all experiment groups, AT1, AT2, AT3 and AT4 groups compared to the control group. The density of AchE in the hippocampal CA1 was significantly increased in AT4 group compared to the control group. The density of ChAT in the hippocampal CA1 were significantly increased in AT1 and AT3 group compared to the control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that reinforcing and reducing acupoint of Heart JEONGGYEOK could be used as a medication for controlling the stroke by deficiency in the heart.