• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.104-110
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• 2017

In order to determine the possibility of artificial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, a study was carried out to optimize the medium composition used for bed culture. Sawdust spawn of medium composition for optimal growth was found to be the combination of 75% oak-sawdust, 10% cotton-seed meal, and 15% beet pulp. The optimal conditions for the formation of fruiting bodies were shown to be a temperature of $28-30^{\circ}C$, light intensity of 1,000-1,500 lux, and $CO_2$ concentration of 1%.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 1985

Extracellular amylase from tile filtrate of the submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and its properties were studied. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme activity were 5.5 and 5$0^{\circ}C$. respectively. This enzyme was most stable at pH 5.0 and stable up to 3$0^{\circ}C$, but it lost completely the activity when it was treated at 6$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The enzyme was activated by the addition of M $n^{++}$, $C^{++}$ and C $u^{++}$, but inhibited by H $g^{++}$, A $g^{++}$ And various enzyme inhibitors and chemical reagents did not affect the enzyme activity. The enzyme hydrolyzed the boiled amylaceous polysaccharides, but it hydrolyzed raw starches very slowly. The activation energy of the enzyme for soluble starch was calculated and found to be 7.06 Kcal per mole. The Km values of the enzyme for soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin and glycogen were 0.16, 0.37, 0.19, and 0.16mg/$m\ell$, respectively. Maltose was found to inhibit the enzyme activity and kinetic analysis revealed a competitive type of inhibition.n.n.n.n.n.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2015

This study investigated the anti-amnesic effect of fermented Ganoderma lucidum water extracts (GW) on scopolamine- induced memory impairment in rats. GW were fermented by the lactic acid bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum (FGWB), followed by Lactobacillus sakei LI033 (FGWBL). To induce amnesia, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats 30 min before the behavioral tests. Step-through latencies of rats treated with primary fermented extracts (300 mg/kg, FGWB) and secondary fermented extracts (300 mg/kg, FGWBL) were significantly longer than those of rats treated with GW (300 mg/kg) in the retention trial of the multiple trial passive avoidance test. In the Morris water maze task, FGWBL significantly shortened escape latencies in training trials. Furthermore, swimming times within the target zone during the probe trial with FGWBL were significantly higher than the GW and FGWB treatments. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activities were lower in the brains of scopolamine-treated rats treated with FGWBL. These results suggest that FGWBL could be useful to enhance learning memory and cognitive function via cholinergic dysfunction.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1987

ABSTRACT - To examine antihypertensive components of Ganoderma lucidum in Korea, two kinds of fruiting bodies (J and K) were used for extraction with water and the extracts were purified by ethanol precipitation and dialysis. Three fractions, i.e., the aqueous total extract(A), the ethanol supernatant(B} and the purified precipitate(C), were compared for antihypertensive activity in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SUR). Although fractions A and B showed the activity, fraction C did not. Particularly, fraction B of sample K produced 44.3% reduction in diastolic blood pressure and 30.6% reduction in heart rate after i.v. administration of a dose of 10 mg/kg. Direct effects of this fraction B to the heart were observed in the isolated blood perfused heart preparation of the dog. It induced positive chronotropic and inotropic responses dose-dependently in the case of sample J. In the case of sample K, marked chronotropic and inotropic effects on atrial muscle but not on ventricular muscle were induced. In both samples, coronary blood flow (CBF) was dose-relatedly increased.reased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1016-1024
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• 2011

The concentrations of bioactive material (polyphenolics and flavonoids) and the biological activities of antioxidative (DPPH [${\alpha},{\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl] free radical scavenging activity, peroxidation of rat liver microsome, and Fe/Cu reducing power), ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, and fibrinolytic activity were tested by in vitro experimental models using 70% methanolic extract from Ganoderma lucidum, Momordica charantia, Fagopyrum tataricum and their mixtures. The highest yield and the concentrations of polyphenolics and flavonoids were shown in the mixture extract. Mixture extract was shown to have the highest activities of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition and tyrosinase inhibition, fibrinolytic, DPPH free radical scavenging, and Fe/Cu reducing power in a concentration-dependent manner. From these results, mixture methanol extract was shown to have the most potent bioactive properties and to contain large amounts of biological materials such as polyphenolics and flavonoids. This mixture could be a good dietary supplement material candidate, such as for antidiabetic functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1986

To examine safety of Ganoderma lucidum, it was extracted with hot water (Fraction A). After the extract was dialyzed and freeze-dried, a polysaccharide fraction (Fraction B) was obtained and examined for acute and subacute toxicity. In the acute toxicity tests of Fr. A and Fr. B on mice, both agents did not show any serious and lethal effects. The results showed that 50% lethal doses were higher than 5,000 mg/kg. The experiments of oral administration of Fr. A (5,000 mg/kg) to mice for 30 days showed that there were no changes in body weight, hematological features and organ weight.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.72-87
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• 2014

Objectives This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) and microneedle therapy system (MTS) on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6N mice. Methods Five-week old mice were depilated and separated in 4 groups ; CON (50% EtOH), MXD (5% Minoxidil), MTS and GLE + MTS. The treatments were applied twice a week for 3 weeks. The hair growth was determined photographically, the hair density, thickness and length were identified by Folliscope and the weights of body and organs were measured. In dorsal skin tissue, the expression of hair growth-related gene and protein was analyzed by RT - PCR or Western blot. In addition, the hair follicles in the dermis were observed by H&E staining. Results The promotion of hair growth was observed in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. The hair density, thickness and length were also improved in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. The mRNA expression of TGF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, IGF-1, PRL and PL and the protein expression of VEGF and IGF-1 were increased in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. The hair follicles and hair root growth were improved in GLE + MTS and MTS compared to CON. In the above results, GLE + MTS were more effective than MTS. Conclusions These results suggest that GLE and MTS has a hair growth activity and can be useful for the treatment of alopecia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.432-436
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the functional characteristics of diethylether and butanol extracts from Ganoderma lucidum, Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes. Electron donating abilities of diethylether and butanol extracts from Ganoderma luculum were 95.07% and 97.75%, respectively. Electron donating abilities of butanol extracts from Agaricus bisporus was 94.33%, and that of Lentinus edodes was 96.09%. Antioxidative activities of diethylether and butanol extracts from Canoderma lucidum were higher than those of BHA. All extracts of Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes showed lower antioxidative activity than that of BHA. Nitrite-scavenging abilities of diethylether and butanol extracts from Ganoderma lucidum were 68.34% and 44.44%, respectively. Nitrite-scavenging abilities of butanol extracts from Agaricus bisporus were 43.39%, and those of Lentinus edodes were 68.23%.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.129-132
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• 2005

A new functional mushroom cultivated variety "Jangsaeng" of Fomitella fraxinea was developed by crossing monokaryons derived from collected strains for contribution to mushroom farmers. The major characteristics of this mushroom were compared to Yeongji 2ho of Ganoderma lucidum because of their morphological similarities. The optimal temperature of mycelial growth and fruitbody sprouting and growth were 30 and 25~30, respectively. The surface color of fruitbody pilus was reddish brown and the fruitbody was flat kidney-shaped like Ganoderma lucidum except that the stipe was absent. Its texture was so tough and rigid that the yield per 1,000 ml bottle might be as high as 136 g. The hot water extract of this medicinal mushroom is fit to drink just like Ganoderma lucidum but its taste is not bitter.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

Objectives : Alcohol-related liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture(GLP) could protect against chronic liver injury induced by ethanol intoxication in rats. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: normal, control, normal saline pharmacopuncture(NP), and GLP, with 8 animals in each. Each group, except normal, received ethanol orally. The NP and GLP groups were treated daily with NP and GLP respectively. The control group was not treated. All rats except the normal group were intoxicated for 4 weeks by oral administration of EtOH(6 g/kg BW). Two acupuncture points were used: Qimen($LR_{14}$) and Taechung($LR_3$). Body weight, histopathological analysis, liver function, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and immunohistochemistry were assessed. Results : GLP reduced the histological changes due to chronic liver injury induced by EtOH and significantly reduced the increase in the alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) enzymes. It significantly reversed the superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the catalase activities(CAT). It also significantly decreased BAX and increased Bcl-2 immunoreactivity expression. Conclusions : This study showed the protective efficacy of GLP against EtOH-induced chronic liver injury in SD rats by modulating ethanol metabolizing enzymes activity, attenuating oxidative stress, and inhibiting mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis.