• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.74-87
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• 2001

Evidence shows that the serum level of cholesterol (CH) is decreased with increasing green tea (GT) consumption. This presentation summarizes our recent findings on the effect of GT extract on intestinal absorption of [$^{14}C$-labeled CH and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Ovariectomized (OX) adult rats were infused intraduodenally with lipid emulsions containing radiolabeled lipids [$^{14}C$-CH or $^{14}C$-phosphatidylcholine (PC)] in the presence of GT extract or catechins to determine the rates and amounts of CH absorption and the intestinal hydrolysis and lymphatic output of PC. During lipid infusion, lymph was collected hourly for 8 h. The lymphatic absorption of $^14C$-CH was drastically lowered by infusion of GT extract at two dosage levels (GTl =5.4 mg catechins/h and GT2 = 15.1mg catechins/h). The cumulative lymphatic absorptions of $^{14}C$-CH in rats infused with GT1 and GT2 were 20.7$\pm$4.3 and $4.8{\pm}4.1{\%}$ dose, respectively, whereas the absorption of $^{14}C$-CH in rats infused with no GT extract (GT0) was $36.3{\pm}1.1{\%}$ dose. GT extracts also significantly lowered the absorption of-tocopherol (TP) in a dose dependent manner ($29.6{\pm}4.9{\%}$ dose in GT0, $20.8{\pm}5.8{\%}$ dose in GTl, and $7.9{\pm}5.4{\%}$ dose in GT2 groups). Both (+)-catechin and EGCG significantly lowered the lymphatic outputs of $^{14}C$-radioactivity after intraduodenal $^{14}C$-PC infusion. A significantly higher amount of $^{14}C$-PC remained unhydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen of the EGCG rats ($22.8{\%}$) compared with the (+)-catechin ($15.8\%$) and control groups ($11.9\%$). GT extracts, (+)-catechin, and EGCG significantly reduced the absorption of TP. The inhibitory effect of GT extract and catechins on lipid absorption may be mediated in part through the inhibition of pancreatic PLAz. The findings provide the first direct evidence that green tea and catechins have a profound inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of CH in OX rats. Results suggest that green tea and catechins may be used as a dietary or pharmacological means of lowering cholesterol absorption.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1316-1320
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• 2018

녹차(GT) 추출물의 효과를 인간 유방암 유래 세포인 MCF-7 세포를 사용하여 조사 하였다. GT추출물의 세포 독성 효과를 MTT 방법을 사용하여 관찰한 결과, MCF-7 세포는 현저한 세포 독성 효과를 보였고, 이 독성 효과는 GT추출물 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. p53과 관련 단백질인 p21/cip1과 CDK2의 연관성을 조사하기 위해 GT추출물 처리 후 웨스턴 분석법을 통해 이들 단백질의 발현을 조사하였다. GT추출물 처리 후, MCF-7 세포에서 p53 단백질의 양은 농도에 따라 현저하게 증가 하였다. p21/cip1 단백질의 발현은 낮은 농도의 GT추출물에서 증가되며, 고농도에서도 감소하지 않았다. 그러나 CDK2의 단백질의 양은 높은 농도의 GT추출물에서 CDK2 발현의 급격한 감소가 관찰되었다. 이 결과는 GT추출물의 처리는 MCF-7 세포에서 p53와 p21/cip1를 증가시켜, 그 결과로 활성화 된 p21/cip1는 CDK2의 발현을 억제 함을 나타내고 있다. GT추출물이 MCF-7 세포의 세포주기에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 확인하기 위하여 FACS 분석으로 관찰한 결과, MCF-7 세포에서 세포주기의 G1 단계가 점차 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 이 결과는 GT추출물의 유방암 세포에서의 항암 효과는 세포주기의 G1 단계에서 MCF-7 세포를 정지시키는 p53에 의해 조절된다는 사실을 명확하게 보여 주고 있다.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Green tea has attracted attention with respect to its potential for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disease. The neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), was used to produce experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea diet on behavioral changes, striatal dopamine content, and hepatic antioxidant parameters of PD model rats. In this study, we used male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $200\sim220g$ and injected 6-OHDA into the right substantia nigra and medial forebrain bundle of the brain. The supply of green tea diet was started at 2 weeks before 6-OHDA lesion and continually supplied during 0, 2, and 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion (GT-0, GT-2, GT-4). Behavioral disturbance was measured by the stepping and d-amphetamine drug-induced rotation tests. Then, we assayed the striatal dopamine content and the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The percentage of lesioned forepaw to non-lesioned forepaw step scores was the highest in GT-4 group among all groups at both 3 and 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion. At 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion, the rotation score was the lowest in GT-2 group (p<0.05). However, increasing rate of the rotation score from 2 to 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion was the lowest in GT-4 group. The striatal dopamine content was not significantly different among four groups by green tea diet. The hepatic MDA level was the lowest in GT-4 group among four groups. The hepatic SOD activity was increased with the prolongation of green tea diet period These results suggest that green tea diet affects behavioral changes in rats of PD model. It seems that continuous green tea supplementation has an influence on the reduction of behavioral disturbance and the hepatic MDA level. Accordingly, continuous green tea supplementation was recommended for the prevention and treatment of PD. However, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms and efficacy of green tea in PD.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제17권1_2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2010

Background: In recent days, Taping has introduced developing to improve our muscle power and sustaining power more than a fixed idea that taping only functions for muscles and protection of the articulation. Method: This study were conducting in two weeks - 2009 September 1 to September 14 - investigating at random 24 normal adults in H university located at Jinju Korea and the result of experimentation how the application of kinesio taping and Bang-gue taping(B-GT) to rectus abdominal muscle has an effect on the improvement of abdominal muscle strength. Results: the following conclusion was drawn up: 1. As a result of each experience man and woman with abdominal muscle strength, each experience all man and woman with abdominal muscle strength(p=0.01) came out to have interrelation difference. 2. As a result of comparing B-GT with age-abdominal muscle strength, B-GT(p=0.02) came out to have interrelation difference. 3. As a result of comparing after before kinesio taping and after before B-GT with abdominal muscle strength, after before kinesio taping and after before B-GT(p=0.00) came out to have interrelation difference. Also, as a result of comparing after kinesio B-GT, after kinesio B-GT(p=0.03) came out to have interrelation difference. Conclusion: As mentioned above, this study showed how the application of kinesio taping and B-GT to affected the improvement of abdominal muscle strength.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2021

Background: A pressure ulcer is common in soft tissue over the greater trochanter (GT) in side-lying position, and sustained tissue deformation induced by the prolonged external force is a primary cause, which can be discussed with soft tissues' viscoelastic properties (i.e., stress relaxation, creep response). Objects: Using an automated hand-held indentation device, we measured the viscoelastic properties of soft tissue over the hip area, in order to examine how the properties are affected by site with respect to the GT. Methods: Twenty participants (15 males and 5 females) who aged from 21 to 32 were participated. An automated hand-held indentation device was used to measure the stress relaxation time and creep response. Trials were acquired for three different locations with respect to the GT (i.e., right over the GT, 6 cm anterior or posterior to the GT). For each location, five trials were acquired and averaged for data analyses. Results: Soft tissues' stress relaxation time and creep response were associated with site (F = 23.98, p < 0.005; F = 24.09, p < 0.005; respectively). The stress relaxation time was greatest at posterior gluteal region (19.22 ± 2.49 ms), and followed by anterior region (15.39 ± 2.47 ms) and right over the GT (14.40 ± 3.18 ms). Similarly, creep response was greatest at posterior gluteal region (1.16 ± 0.14), and followed by anterior region (0.95 ± 0.14) and right over the GT (0.89 ± 0.18). Conclusion: Our results showed that the stress relaxation and creep were greatest at the posterior gluteal region and least at right over the GT, indicating that the gluteal soft tissue is more protective to the prolonged external force, when compared to the trochanteric soft tissue. The results suggest that a risk of pressure ulcer over the GT may decrease with slightly posteriorly rotated side-lying position.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1339-1343
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• 2005

The N-inversion energies and nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of N-substituted aziridine compounds are investigated using B3LYP/6-31+$G^*$ methods, where substituents (R) on the nitrogen atom has been H (1), Me (2), Ph (3), Bn (4), CHMePh (5), $CO_2Me$ (6), COPh (7) and $SO_2Ph$ (8). The N-inversion energy with X group are decreased as the following order: R = CHMePh (17.06 kcal/mol) $\gt$ Me (16.97) $\gt$ Bn (16.70) $\gt$ H (16.64) $\gt$ $SO_2Ph$ (12.18) $\gt$ Ph (8.91) $\gt$ COPh (5.75) $\gt$ $CO_2Me$ (5.48). For reactivity of the ring opening toward cyanide ion, the aziridine 6 (R=$CO_2Me$) is shown to be the most reactive one. During the ring opening of aziridine 6 by CN$^{\ominus}$, the torsional OCNC angle becomes near to $180^{\circ}$, where the geometry allows for the effective incorporation of electrons of the nitrogen atom to the C=O bond. It would be a possible driving force for nucleophilic ring opening reaction as well as decreasing the N-inversion energy barrier. Regarding to the regioselectivity, the orientation of nucleophile in ring opening reaction appears to be different in the case of 9 and 10. The results are discussed in terms of steric/electronic effect of the $C_2$-substituents.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage has been recognized as one of the major cause of complications in diabetes. Hepatic complications are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that gamma-tocopherol (GT) supplementation ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome associated hepatic inflammation in diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg. BW) in ICR mice. All mice were fed with a control diet (AIN-76A). After diabetes was induced (fasting glucose level ${\geq}250mg/dL$), the mice were treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil or GT-supplemented (35 mg/kg) corn oil, respectively, by gavage for 2 weeks. RESULTS: GT supplementation reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice relative to non-treated diabetic mice. Moreover, GT supplementation ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage by regulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome associated inflammation represented by NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, caspase-1, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ pathway as well as oxidative stress demonstrated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1, catalase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that GT supplementation ameliorated hepatic damage by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, GT could be a beneficial nutrient that can ameliorate inflammatory responses associated with NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage.

• 산업공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1995

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1988

본 시험은 연초의 생육작황에 따라서 적심시기와 정도를 두어 처리하였을 때 잎담배의 품질형질에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 수행하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 책상조직 및 발달은 적심시기에 따라 발뢰기＆gt;개화시＆gt;개화만기＆gt; 만기 순으로 적심정도에 따라서는 치엽 4매＆gt; 치엽 2매＆gt; 화뢰 적심 순으로 발달되었다. 2. A급작황에서는 개화만기 B급작황에서는 개화시 치엽 2매를 적심할 때 끽미에 관련있는 전당/니코틴의 비는 9.0, 9.7로 가강 양호하였으며, 방향성 물질인 석유에텐추출물을 9.9%, 8.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 3. 품질에 크게 영향하는 요인은 생태조직과 건조엽중 내용성분으로 생태조직의 구성형질들이 품질에 직접 영향하는 효과를 보면 책상조직 43.2%, 해면조직 26.5%, 조직비 17.7%, 엽후 6.7%, 세포간극율 3.1 %, 엽형지수 2.8% 순이며, 내용성분 형질은 니코틴 40.6%, 전당/니코틴 35.7%, 전당 10.0%, 전질소/니코틴 7.0% 전질소 4.6%, 석유 에텔추출물 2.1% 순으로 품질에 영향을 미쳤다. 4. 양질엽 생산을 위해서는 수량이 10a당 250∼280kg 생산되는 A급작황에서는 개화만기에 치엽 2매 적심을, 200kg 내외 생산되는 B급작황에서는 개화시 치엽 2매를 붙여 적심하는 것이 가장 바람직 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.429-440
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• 1996

A global carbon cycle model (GCCM), that incorporates interaction among the terrestrial biosphere, ocean, and atmosphere, was developed to study the carbon cycling aid global carbon budget, especially due to anthropogenic $CO_2$ emission. The model that is based on C, 13C and 14C mass balance, was calibrated with the observed $CO_2$ concentration, $\delta$13C and $\Delta$14C in the atmosphere, Δ14C in the soil, and $\Delta$14C in the ocean. Also, GCCM was constrained by the literature values of oceanic carbon uptake and CO, emissions from deforestation. Inputs (forcing functions in the model) were the C, 13C and 14C as $CO_2$ emissions from fossil fuel use, and 14C injection into the stratosphere by bomb-tests. The simulated annual carbon budget of 1980s due to anthropoRenic $CO_2$ shows that the global sources were 5.43 Gt-C/yr from fossil fuel use and 0.91 Gt-C/yr from deforestation, and the sinks were 3.29 Gt-C/yr in the atmosphere, 0.90 Gt-C/yr in the terrestrial biosphere and 2.15 Gt-C/yr in the ocean. The terrestrial biosphere is currently at zero net exchange with the atmosphere, but carbon is lost cia organic carbon runoff to the ocean. The model could be utilized for a variety of studies in $CO_2$ policy and management, climate modeling, $CO_2$ impacts, and crop models.