• 대한약침학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.191-212
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• 2000

Objective: This study was perfomled to examine the therapeutic effect of aqua-acupuncture solution of Hominis Placenta(HP) on kidney and liver intoxicated by $HgCI_2$ in rats. Methods: $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture were carried out everyday for 8 days on corresponding bilateral loci of Shinsu(BL23) and Kansu(BL18), respectively, after mercuric chloride intoxication in rats. Thereafter BUN, creatinine, GOT, GPT, ALP, ${\gamma}$-GT, albumin and total bilirubin were measured before intoxication, and at the 4th and the 8th experimental day. Histopathological and immunochemical observation were also carried out. Results: 1. It showed significant decreases of BUN in the group of $10\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu on the 4th experimental day as compared with the control group. 2. It showed significant decreases of creatinine in the group of $10\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu on the 4th and the 8th experimental days as compared with the control group. 3. There were not any significant changes of GOT, GPT, ALP,${\gamma}$-GT, albumin and total bilirubin in the HP aqua-acupuncture groups compared with the control group. 4. By the histopathological observations on kidney under a light microscope, alt the $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu showed the preventive effect on tubulo-interstitial necrosis and muItifocal calcification in tubular lumen respectively compared with the control group. 5. By the histopathological observations on liver under a light mIcroscope, the groups $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua--acupuncture into Kansu did not show any significant changes in the liver compared with the control group. 6. By the immunochemical analysis of heat shock protein(hsp) and glucose-regulated protein(grp) in rat renal cortex, the expressions of hsp70 and grp78 were decreased in the $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu respectively compared with the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that Hominis Placenta aqua-acupuncture have an effect on prevention and protection of renal intoxication by $HgCI_2$ in rats.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.3015-3020
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• 2016

Background: Numerous studies have investigated associations of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) -149 C>T and -579 G>T polymorphisms with gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility; however, the findings are inconsistent prompting the present meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Related studies were identified from PubMed, Google scholar, and SID until 10 October 2015. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations. Results: Eleven studies were included based on the search criteria for CRC and GC related to the DNMT3B 149 C>T (3,353 cases and 4,936 controls) and DNMT3B 579 G>T (1,387 cases and 2,064 controls) polymorphisms. There was no significant association overall between DNMT3B -149 and 579 polymorphisms and the risk of cancer. In the stratified analysis by cancer type, DNMT3B 579G>T polymorphism was associated with the risk of CRC and GC. While the DNMT3B -149C/T polymorphism was related with a significantly increased risk of CRC in two tested models, dominant (GG+GT vs. TT: OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.38-0.69; P = 0.00, Pheterogeneity=0.69, $I^2=0%$) and heterozygote (GT vs. TT: OR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.37-0.69; P=0.00, Pheterogeneity=0.41, $I^2=0%$), no evidence of any association with GC risk was observed as in the pooled analyses. Conclusions: More studies are needed to assess associations of DNMT3B -149C/T and DNMT3B 579G>T polymorphisms with cancer in different ethnicities with large population sizes to generate comprehensive conclusions.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to verify the effects of Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using high fat diet-fed male mice. Methods : Fifty four male C57BL/6N mice (age matched) were used for all experiments. Nine standard chow diet-fed mice were used as normal group and forty five high fat diet-fed obese mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, atorvastatin-10mg/kg, MMF(1)-62.5mg/kg, MMF(2)-125mg/kg and MMF(3)-250mg/kg. After all groups were treated with several kinds of diets for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, adipose tissue weights, plasma lipid and glucose metabolism, visceral organ weights, histological analysis for liver on the mice. Results : MMF-treated mice had lower body weight gain compared with controls. Among MMF-treated mice, the effect was magnified in MMF(2). MMF(3)-treated mice had lower blood plasma total cholesterol (TC) and glucose level compared with controls. MMF decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis and liver inflammation of mice compared with controls. The effects was maximized in MMF(2) and atorvastatin. Blood plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase (${\gamma}$-GT) concentrations tends to be decreased by MMF compared with controls. Blood plasma AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$-GT concentrations and organ weights were not changed by MMF, indicating that all three kinds of MMF do not show any hepatotoxicity. Conclusions : These results suggest that MMF improves NAFLD by reducing body weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis, liver inflammation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2009

We reported previously that overexpression of a salicylic acid (SA) methyltransferase1 gene from rice (OsBSMT1) or a SA glucosyltransferase1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSAGT1) leads to increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae due to reduced SA levels. To further examine their roles in the defense responses, we assayed the transcript levels of AtBSMT1 or AtSAGT1 in plants with altered levels of SA and/or other defense components. These data showed that AtSAGT1 expression is regulated partially by SA, or nonexpressor of pathogenesis related protein1, whereas AtBSMT1 expression was induced in SA-deficient mutant plants. In addition, we produced the transgenic Arabidopsis plants with RNAi-mediated inhibition of AtSAGT1 and isolated a null mutant of AtBSMT1, and then analyzed their phenotypes. A T-DNA insertion mutation in the AtBSMT1 resulted in reduced methyl salicylate (MeSA) levels upon P. syringae infection. However, accumulation of SA and glucosyl SA was similar in both the atbsmt1 and wild-type plants, indicating the presence of another SA methyltransferase or an alternative pathway for MeSA production. The AtSAGT1-RNAi line exhibited no altered phenotypes upon pathogen infection, compared to wild-type plants, suggesting that (an)other SA glucosyltransferase(s) in Arabidopsis plants may be important for the pathogenesis of P. syringae.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.552-564
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• 2017

본 연구는 20 ~ 60대의 성인 109명 (남 54명, 여 55명)을 대상으로 13가지 대표적 신체활동에 대한 에너지 소비량(EE)및 신체활동 강도 (METs)를 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기($K4b^2$)를 이용하여 측정하고 이를 기준으로 가속도계(Actigraph $GT3X^+$)의 정확성을 성별에 따라 평가하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기로 측정한 보통 달리기를 제외한 모든 트레드밀 활동의 단위체중당 에너지 소비량과 METs값은 여자가 남자 보다 유의하게 높았다. 13가지 대표 활동 중 눕기, 앉기 및 서기와 같은 움직임이 없는 활동은 에너지 소비량이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 남자는 계단 올라가기 (에너지 소비량 포함)에서 여자는 8 km/h 속도의 보통 달리기 (에너지 소비량값 포함)에서 에너지가 많이 소비되는 고강도 활동으로 나타났다. 2. 가속도계 및 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기로 측정한 EE와 METs값을 비교한 결과, 남자는 계단 내려가기, 보통 걷기와 빠르게 걷기 활동에서 여자는 계단 내려가기를 제외한 모든 활동에서, 가속도계가 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기 보다 과소추정 하였다. 3. Compendium 2011 기준에 따라 강도를 분류하였을 때 가속도계와 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기는 저강도 활동에서 일치하는 비율이 가장 높은 (남자 88.3%, 여자 91.3%) 반면, 고강도 활동에서 가장 낮은 일치율을 보였고 여자 (58.3%)보다는 남자 (75.2%)에서 일치율이 유의하게 높았다. 4. 가속도계를 이용하여 EE 및 METs값 추정 시 준거도구와의 차이를 성별에 따라 비교하면, 계단 내려가기를 제외한 모든 활동에서 여자 보다 남자에서 오차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 트레드밀 이외의 활동보다는 트레드밀 활동에서의 오차가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 다양한 연령대의 성인 남녀의 신체활동의 에너지 소비량 등을 휴대용 호흡가스 분석기로 측정하였다는데 큰 의의가 있으며 이와 같은 측정값은 한국인을 위한 활동분류표 개발 및 에너지 소비량 산출 시 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 추후 연구에서는 현재까지 개발된 다양한 가속도계 추정식의 정확성이 검증되어야 하며 향후 가속도계를 이용하여 EE 및 METs값 산출 시 필요한 추정식은 적용하는 신체활동 종류뿐만 아니라 성별에 따라 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

The Nramp1/Slc11a1 locus encodes a proton-coupled divalent cation transporter, expressed in late endosomes/lysosomes of macrophages, that constitutes a component of the innate immune response to combat intracellular pathogens and it was shown to play an important role in regulating inherent immunity. The previously identified Z-DNA forming polymorphic repeat(GT)n in the promoter region of the human Nramp1 gene does act as a functional polymorphism influencing gene expression. Research has shown that INF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and bacteria LPS increase the level of Nramp1 expression. However, the molecular mechanism for Nramp1 gene regulation is unclear. In this research, bovine Nramp1 5'-flanking region (-1748~+769) was cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics. Then to find the core promoter and the cis-acting elements, deletion analysis of promoter was performed using a set of luciferase reporter gene constructs containing successive deletions of the bovine Nramp1 5'-flanking regions. Promoter activity analysis by the dual luciferase reporter assay system showed that the core promoter of Nramp1 was located at +58~-89 bp. Some positive regulatory elements are located at -89~-205 bp and -278~-1495 bp. And the repressor elements were in region -205~-278 bp, intron1 and -1495~-1748 bp. LPS-responsive regions were located at -1495~-1748 bp and -278~-205 bp. The present study provides an initial effort to explore the molecular mechanism of transcriptional activation of the bovine Nramp1 gene and should facilitate further studies to decode the complex regulatory process and for molecular breeding for disease resistance in bovines.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2016

A growing number of studies have demonstrated that ABCB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the variability of responses to imatinib. However, the effects of ABCB1 polymorphisms on imatinib response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations between ABCB1 polymorphisms and imatinib response in CML. A systematic literature review was performed. The databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for all published studies from inception to December 2015. The following terms were used with functions of 'AND' and 'OR': 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML', 'ABCB1', 'MDR1', 'polymorphism', 'SNP', and 'imatinib'. Using the Review Manager 5, odds ratios (ORs) were pooled to estimate the effect of ABCB1 polymorphisms on imatinib response in CML. The pooled analysis showed that ABCB1 2677 G allele was significantly associated with poor response to imatinib in African and Asian patients (GG vs TT, OR: 0.32, p<0.0001; GG+GT vs TT, OR: 0.44, p=0.0005). In subgroup analyses, African patients carrying ABCB1 1236 C allele exhibited higher risk for worse response, whereas Asian patients with 1236 C allele showed better response (CC+CT vs TT, OR: 0.41, p=0.008 for African; OR: 1.65, p=0.03 for Asian). There was no association between C3435T polymorphisms and imatinib response in African, Asian, and Caucasian CML patients.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and mutations in the BRCA1 gene produce increased susceptibility to these malignancies in certain families. In this study, the forward 1-13 exons of breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 were cloned from breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30 by RT-PCR method. Sequence analysis showed that nine BRCA1 splice forms were isolated and characterized, compared with wild-type BRCA1 gene, five splice forms of which were novel. These splice isoforms were produced from the molecular mechanism of 5' and 3' alternative splicing. All these splice forms deleting exon 11b and the locations of alternative splicing were focused on two parts:one was exons 2 and 3, and the other was exons 9 and 10. These splice forms accorded with GT-AG rule. Most these BRCA1 splice variants still kept the original reading frame. Western blot analysis indicated that some BRCA1 splice variants were expressed in ZR-75-30 cell line at the protein level. In addition, we confirmed the presence of these new transcripts of BRCA1 gene in MDA-MB-435S, K562, Hela, HLA, HIC, H9, Jurkat and human fetus samples by RT-PCR analysis. These results suggested that breast cancer associated gene BRCA1 may have unexpectedly a large number of splice variants. We hypothesized that alternative splicing of BRCA1 possibly plays a major role in the tumorigenesis of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Thus, the identification of cancer-specific splice forms will provide a novel source for the discovery of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and tumor antigens suitable as targets for therapeutic intervention.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2005

Major Royal Jelly Protein cDNAs of Apis cerana (AcMRJP) were cloned and characterized. The open reading frames (ORFs) of the AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 genes were 1302 and 1392 nucleotides, encoding 433 and 463 amino acid residues, respectively. The sequence divergences between AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 and their corresponding protein families in A. mellifera were 0.0618 and 0.0934 at the nucleotide level and 0.0912 and 0.1438 at the protein level, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis supports the orthologous similarity between these proteins. The deduced amino acids indicated high essential amino acid contents of AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 (47.5 and 44.8%, respectively). The genomic organization of both AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 was determined. Both the AcMRJP1 (3663 bp) and AcMRJP2 (3963 bp) genes contained six exons and five introns, where all boundaries conformed to the GT/AG rule. AcMRJP1 and AcMRJP2 cDNAs were cloned into pET17b, and both the recombinant (r) AcMRJP1 (47.9 kDa) and rAcMRJP2 (51.7 kDa) were expressed in the insoluble form. Western blot analysis and N-terminal sequencing of the solubilized proteins revealed successful expression of rAcMRJP1 and rAcMRJP2 in vitro. The yields of the purified rAcMRJP1 and rAcMRJP2 were approximately 20 and 8mg protein per liter of the flask culture, respectively.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.6-10
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• 1987

한국 근해에서 조업하는 트로올선에 알맞은 중층 트로올어구를 개발하기 위하여 부산수산대학 실습선 부산 404호(160 GT, 750Ps)로서 조업하기에 알맞게 설계된 어구로서 어구의 유체저항을 측정하고, 그것으로부터 어구의 유체저항을 추산할 수 있는 식을 유도하고, 또한 전개판의 전개력계수와 항력계수를 구한 것을 요약하면 대략 다음과 같다. 1. 어구의 전항력 T=2.15 v 상(1.12), 그물의 항력 R 하(N)=1.96 v 상(1.01)으로서 v의 지수는 1에 가까워서 그물이 물을 잘 여과시켜줌을 시사한다. 2. 소산의 저항의 식에 따라 구한 그물의 유체저항의 추산식은 R 하(N)=4.3$\times$d/l$\times$abv 라고 표현할 수 있다. 3. 전개판의 전개력은 그물의 항력의 19~22%이고, 전개력계수는 1.5정도이며, 항력은 그물의 항력의 5~7%이고, 항력계수는 0.42정도이다