• Title/Summary/Keyword: $GB_{34}$

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A Study on the Effect of Herbal-acupuncture with Artemisiae Capillaris Herba at GB34 on Hyperlipidemia in Rat (양릉천 인진 약침이 흰쥐의 고지혈증에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jung-Tae;Lee, Byung-Ryul;Yang, Gi-Young;Lee, Hyun;Yim, Yun-Kyoung
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.107-123
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    • 2010
  • Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba herbal-acupuncture (ACH-HA) at GB34 (Yangleungchean) on hyperlipidemia induced with alloxan injection and high fat diet in rats. The author performed several experimental items to analyze the levels of various components and enzymes in serum, liver, as well as the histological changes of liver and aorta. Results: 1. ACH-HA solution increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity in rat liver cells. 2. ACH-HA at GB34 significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI), while significantly increased the ratios of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/total cholesterol and phospholipid/total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats. 3. ACH-HA at GB34 significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level in hyperlipidemic rats. 4. ACH-HA at GB34 significantly increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion: From the above results, it is suggested that ACH-HA at GB34 may have therapeutic and preventive effects on hyperlipidemia.

Comparison Study for Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture on Surgical Ankle Sprain Model Classified as Grade 3 in Rats (수술적 방법으로 유도된 3단계 고도(高度) 발목염좌 모델에서 혈위(穴位)에 따른 전침효과의 비교)

  • Yang, Seung-Bum;Sohn, In-Chul;Lee, Sung-Ho;Cho, Sang-Hoon;Kim, Jaehyo
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine whether electroacupuncture(EA) is effective in reducing pain on the severe ankle sprain classified as grade 3 in rats. Methods : The severe(grade 3) ankle sprain model was induced surgically by ankle ligament injury(the anterior talofibular, the calcaneofibular and the posterior talofibular) in the Sprague-Dawley rats(180~250 g). The effects of EA on weight bearing forces(WBR) of the affected foot were examined in a rat model of ankle sprain. EA was applied to either SI6, ST37, GB34, GB39 or GB42 acupoints by trains of electrical pulses(2 Hz, 1 ms pulse width, 2 mA intensity) for 15 min. Results : Cutting of the lateral ankle ligament complex produced the severe ankle sprain symptoms as grade 3. EA of the contralateral SI6 resulted in more analgesic effect than one of ipsilateral SI6 even though there was significant effect. EA of the ipsilateral GB34 and GB39 produced potent analgesic effects on the surgical ankle sprained pain behaviors. However, there were no significant analgesic effects in the contralateral GB34 and GB39 EA groups. In addition, both side of ST37 and GB42 did not result in analgesic effect on the surgical ankle sprained rat. Conclusions : The data suggest that EA induced analgesia shows point specificity on the severe ankle sprained pain model classified as grade 3.

Effect of GB 34-GB 39 Electro-acupuncture on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Stroke Patients and Normal Volunteers Evaluated by $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ SPECT (양릉천-현종 전침치료가 뇌경색환자 및 정상인의 뇌혈류에 미치는 영향 - SPECT와 SPM을 이용한 연구 -)

  • Han, Jin-An;Jeong, Dong-Won;Bae, Hyung-Sup;Park, Sung-Uk;Jung, Woo-Sang;Park, Jung-Mee;Ko, Chang-Nam;Cho, Ki-Ho;Kim, Young-Suk;Kim, Deok-Yoon;Moon, Sang-Kwan
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.27 no.3 s.67
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    • pp.187-200
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    • 2006
  • Objectives: Acupuncture has been applied in Asia for thousands of years, especially to rehabilitation after stroke. It has been reported that acupuncture increased cerebral blood supply and stimulated the functional activity of brain nerve cells shown by using brain imaging techniques. This study was to evaluate the effect of GB 34-GB 39 electro-acupuncture (EA) on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in stroke patients and normal volunteers using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: The study procedure was divided into two parts: patients and volunteers studies. For the patients study, ten ischemic stroke patients (3 males, 7 females, mean age $68.5{\pm}8.9$ years old) were selected. Baseline brain SPECT was done with triple head gamma camera (MultiSPECT3, Siemens, USA) after intravenous administration of 1,110 MBq of $^{99m}Tc-ECD$. Fifteen-minute EA at GB 34 and GB 39 were applied on the affected limb. The same dose of $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ was injected during the EA, and the second set of SPECT images wasobtained. Using the computer software (ICON 7.1, Siemens, USA), 3 SPECT slices (upper, middle, lower) surrounding the brain lesion were selected and each slice was divided into 10-16 brain regions. Asymmetry indexes (AI) were analyzed in each brain region. We regarded over 10% changes of AI between before and after EA as significance. For the volunteers study, 10 healthy human volunteers (5 males, 5 females, mean age $28.1{\pm}6$ years old) were selected. In the resting state, $^{99m}Tc-ECD$ brain SPECT scans were performed. On the 7th day after the resting examination, 15 minute EA was applied at GB 34 and GB 39 on the right side of the subjects. Immediately after EA, the second SPECT images were obtained inthe same manner as the resting state. Significant increases and decreases of rCBF after EA were estimated by comparing their SPECT images with those of the resting state using paired t statistics at every voxel, which were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping with a threshold of p = 0.01, uncorrected (extent threshold: k=100 voxels). Results: In stroke patients, six of the eight (75%) had significantly increased perfusion in post-acupuncture scans compared to their baseline state. In normal volunteers, GB 34-GB GB EA increased rCBF in both hemispheres including right ventral posterior cingulate (Brodmann area (BA) 23), left superior temporal, anterior transverse temporal (BA 22, 41), left parastriate, peristriate (BA 18, 19), right occipitotemporal, angular (BA 37, 39), left rostral postcentral, caudal postcentral and preparietal (BA 2, 3, 5). However GB 34-GB 39 EA decreased rCBF in the right hemisphere including triangular and middle frontal lobes. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that OB 34-GB 39 EA increased cerebral perfusion in ischemic stroke patients and increased rCBF grossly in temporal lobes of normal volunteers. It is also suggested that there may be a correlation between the GB meridian and the territory of the middle cerebral artery.

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Acupuncture stimulation for motor cortex activities: Evidence from 3T functional MRI study

  • 최보영;전신수;유승식;최기순;박상동;임은철;정성택;이형구;서태석
    • Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.85-85
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: To investigate whether or not acupuncture of GB34 produces a significant response of the modulation of somatomotor areas by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Materials and methods: The acupoint, GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MRI scanner, functional MR imaging of the whole brain was peformed in 12 normal healthy subjects during two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB34 and sham points. This study investigates the activation of the motor cortex elicited by a soft and an intensified stimulation of GB 34.Three different paradigms were carried out to detect any possible modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) response in the somatomortor area to motor stimulation through acupuncture.

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Clinical Application of Functional MRI : Motor Cortex Activities by Acupuncture

  • Choe, Bo-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.89-93
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    • 2002
  • We report a preliminary fMRI evidence of modulation of somatomotor areas by acupuncture in GB34 acupoint. GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MR scanner, functional MR imaging was performed in five normal volunteers in two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB34 and sham points. Group analysis form five individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. Our results suggest that acupuncture fMRI study can be safely conducted in 3T environment and stimulation in GB34 modulate the cortical activities of the somatomotor area in human.

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Clinical Application of Functional MRI : Motor Cortex Activities by Acupuncture

  • Choe, Bo-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Conference
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    • 2002.08a
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2002
  • We report a preliminary fMRI evidence of modulation of somatomotor areas by acupuncture in GB34 acupoint. GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MR scanner, functional MR imaging was performed in five normal volunteers in two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB34 and sham points. Group analysis from five individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. Our results suggest that acupuncture fMRI study can be safely conducted in 3T environment, and stimulation in GB34 modulate the cortical activities of the somatomotor area in human.

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Analgesia of Electroacupuncture and Radio-Frequency Warm Needling in Acupoint Combination on Ankle Sprain in Rats (발목염좌에 배혈에 따른 전침과 고주파온침의 진통효과)

  • Yang, Seung-Bum;Kim, Min-Su;Kim, Jae-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) and radio-frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulation in acupoint combination on ankle sprained pain in rats. Methods : The lateral ligaments of the Sprague-Dawley rats ankle were injured surgically resulting in sprain, of which was divided into EA, RFWN treatment groups and control group without treatment. The level of pain was measured through foot weight bearing force ratio followed by calculating pain relief. To stimulate proximal or distal area in ankle sprain, combination of proximal acupoints(GB34-GB39) and distal acupoints(GB39-GB42) from sprain area were applied, respectively, to either EA or RFWN stimulation. In addition, naltrexone or phentolamine was injected intraperitoneally before the stimulation to observe the pathway of analgesic effects. Results : In the proximal combination of GB34-GB39, EA and RFWN significantly increased pain relief compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, in distal combination with GB39-GB42, both EA and RFWN stimulation did not relieve pain due to ankle sprains. In the combination of GB34-GB39, the analgesia of EA was inhibited by blockade of the ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor receptor. The analgesia of RFWN was inhibited by blockade of the ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor receptor as well as ${\mu}$-opioid receptor. Conclusions : We observed that the proximal combination was effective in relieving pain when the treatment by acupoint combination was applied to the ankle sprain pain. Also, it was confirmed that this analgesia was also related to the pathways of ${\mu}$-opioid receptors and/or ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors.

Effects of Electro and Laser Acupuncture Treatment with $GB_{39}$ and $GB_{34}$ on Neuropathic Pain in Rats Induced by Tibial and Sural Nerve Ligation (현종(懸鍾)($GB_{39}$).양릉천(陽陵泉)($GB_{34}$)의 전침(電鍼) 및 레이저침이 백서(白鼠)의 신경병리성(神經病理性) 동통(疼痛)에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Yong Se;Lee, Ju Hee;Lee, Sang Hyun;Na, Chang Su;Cho, Myoung Rae
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : We studied the effects of electro and laser acupuncture treatment with $GB_{39}$ and $GB_{34}$ on neuropathic pain in rats induced by tibial and sural nerve ligation. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic pain, the tibial and sural nerves of rats were ligated by a 6-0 silk thread. Three days after the neuropathic surgery, only electro acupuncture(EA), electro acupuncture and 830 nm laser acupuncture(EA-LA-1), and electro acupuncture and 904 nm laser acupuncture(EA-LA-2) were treated with $GB_{39}$ and $GB_{34}$ twice a week for 8 weeks. We observed the withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. We also observed c-fos and nocieptin on the central gray area in the midbrain of neuropathic rats. Results : As we observed the effect of mechanical allodynia, the EA and EA-LA-1 groups in 5 and 6 weeks and the EA-LA-2 group in 6 weeks increased significantly compared with the control group. As for the effect of c-fos activity in the central gray region, the EA, EA-LA-1, and EA-LA-2 groups decreased significantly compared with the control group. The EA-LA-2 group increased significantly compared with the control group as regards the effect of nociceptin activity in the central gray region. Conclusions : We noticed the synergic effect of electro and laser acupuncture treatment because the EA-LA-1 and EA-LA-2 groups had more controllable effect compared with the control group. This study can be used in clinical therapy for neuropathic pain.

Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture, Warm Needling and Radio Frequency Warm Needling on Surgical Ankle Sprain Model in Rats (흰쥐의 발목염좌에 대한 전침, 온침 및 고주파온침 자극별 진통 효과의 비교)

  • Yang, Seung-Bum;Kim, Min-Su;Choi, Suck-Jun;Kim, Jae-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.20-29
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : The objectives of this study is to compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA), warm needling(WN) and Radio Frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulations on the acupoints at the artificially damaged ankles of Sprague-Dawley rats, which could be classified as the Grade 3. Methods : The foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBFR) of ankle sprain was measured first at 24 hours after without any other stimulations. Pain Recovery Index(PRI) represents the analgesic level, and modified Pain Recovery Index(mPRI) shows the accumulated recovery level. PRI was measured at 2 hours after each stimulus on GB34, GB39 and GB42, and mPRI was during 7 days. Results : EA stimulation of GB34 and GB39 acupoint in grade 3 ankle sprain showed a marked analgesic and recovery effect. RFWN of GB42 exhibited significant analgesic and pain recovery effect. RFWN of GB34 resulted in pain recovery effect but not analgesic effects, and RFWN of GB39 resulted in analgesic effect 2 hours after but not pain recovery. However, WN did not affect the pain recovery among three acupoints at all. Conclusions : In the Grade 3 ankle sprain model, the difference of analgesic effects were explained by the acupoints and the stimulation methods according to the accumulated recovery effects during 7 days. It is insufficient to determine that a certain acupoint has a specific analgesic effect depending on the stimulation method by the results of this study. Therefore, the effects of each stimulation on the acupoints in any other meridians at the sprained ankle should be compared and analyzed.

The Mechanism for Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture on Surgical Ankle Sprain Model Classified as Grade 3 in Rats (수술적 방법으로 유도된 3단계 발목염좌에 대한 전침의 진통기전 연구)

  • Yang, Seung-Bum;Choi, Suck-Jun;Lee, Sung-Ho;Kim, Min-Su;Sohn, In-Chul;Kim, Jae-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.220-229
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : Electroacupuncture(EA) has been used effectively in producing analgesia on ankle sprain pain of humans and animals. Currently to examine the underlying mechanisms of the EA-induced analgesia, the effects of EA on weight-bearing forces(WBR) were examined at ankle sprain classified as grade 3 in rats. Methods : The severe ankle sprain classified as grade 3 was induced surgically by ankle ligament injury in the Sprague-Dawley rats. WBR of the affected foot were examined to evaluate effects and mechanism of EA(2 Hz, 1 ms pulse width, 2 mA intensity, for 15 min) which was applied to either SI6, GB34, or GB39 acupoints. The rats were pretreated with naltrexone(10 mg/kg, i.p.) as an opioid receptor antagonist or phentolamine(5 mg/kg, i.p) as an ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor antagonist at 30 min before EA. Results : The daily repeat EA at either SI6, GB34, or GB39 showed significant analgesic effects on the severe ankle sprain. Particularly, daily EA at GB34 showed more potent analgesic effect than the others. In addition, the naltrexone pretreatment completely blocked the analgesic effect of EA at GB34, indicating the involvement of the endogenous opioid system in mediating the effect of EA at GB34. However, the phentolamine pretreament blocked analgesic effects of EA at either SI6 or GB39, indicating the involvement of ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors in mediating the effect of EA at either SI6 or GB39. Conclusions : These data suggest that EA-induced analgesia on ankle sprain pain is mediated through either endogenous opioids or ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptors dependant on acupoint specific pattern.