• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.344-351
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• 1996

Microorganisms growing alcoholic distillery wastes were isolated from soil. Of them, the selected strain EL-9 had a capability of accumulating poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) when grown in alcoholic distillery wastes. The strain EL-9 was identified as a genus Actinobacillus based on the morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. The strain EL-9 was named temporarily as Actino- bacillus sp. EL-9. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth of Actinobacillus sp. EL-9 were 30$\circ$C and 7.0, respectively. The optimal medium compositions for cell growth comprised glucose 2%, NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$ 0.15%, Na$_{2}$HP0$_{4}$-12H$_{2}$O 0.25%, KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$ 0.25%, MgSO$_{4}$4-7H$_{2}$O 0.15%, FeSO$_{4}$-7H$_{2}$O 0.005%, CaCl$_{2}$-2H$_{2}$O 0.003% and trace element solution 5m/l. To investigate the optimal conditions for PHB production, two-stage culture technique was used. The result showed that the optimal conditions for PHB production are identical those for cell growth. When propionic acid was added as a cosubstrate, PHB/HV copolymer was produced.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2002

A biosurfactant-producing microorganism was isolated from activated sludge by enrichment culture when grown on a minimal salt medium containing n-hexadecane as a sole carbon source. This microorganism was identified as Pseudomonas sp. and it was named Pseudomonas sp. EL-G527. It's optimal culture condition is 2% n-hexadecane, 0.2% NH$_4$NO$_3$, 0.3% KH$_2$PO$_4$, 0.3% $K_2$HPO$_4$, 0.02% MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$, 0.0025% CaCk$_2$ㆍ6$H_2O$, 0.0015% FeSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ in 1$\ell$ distilled water and initial pH 7.0. Cultivation was initiated with a 2% inoculum obtained from starter cultures grown in 30 $m\ell$ of the same medium in 250 $m\ell$ flask. They were cultivated at 3$0^{\circ}C$ in reciprocal shaking incubator and the highest biosurfactant production was observed after 4 days.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.1 s.36
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• pp.129-150
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• 2006

Mineral potential mapping is an important procedure in mineral resource assessment. The purpose of this study is to analyze mineral potential using weight of evidence model and a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to identify areas that have not been subjected to the same degree of exploration. For this, a variety of spatial geological data were compiled, evaluated and integrated to produce a map of potential mineral in the Gangreung area, Korea. for this, a spatial database considering mineral deposit, topographic, geologic, geophysical and geochemical data was constructed for the study area using a GIS. The used mineral deposits were non-metallic(Kaolin, Porcelainstone, Silicastone, Mica, Nephrite, Limestone and Pyrophyllite) deposits of sedimentary type. The factors relating to mineral deposits were the geological data such as lithology and fault structure, geochemical data, including the abundance of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, V, Zn, $Cl^-,\;F^-,\;{PO_4}^{3-},\;{NO_2}^-,\;{NO_3}^-,\;SO_{42-}$, Eh, PH and conductivity and geophysical data, including the Bouguer and magnetic anomalies. These factors were used with weight of evidence model to analyze mineral potential. Probability models using the weight of evidence were applied to extract the relationship between mineral deposits and related factors, and the ratio were calculated. Then the potential indices were calculated by summation of the likelihood ratio and mineral potential maps were constructed from Geographic Information System (GIS). The mineral potential maps were then verified by comparison with the known mineral deposit areas. The result showed the 85.66% in prediction accuracy.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.461-472
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of chemical components and precipitation at Kimhae area from March, 1992 to June, 1994. The pH values, concentration of soluble ions($Cl^-$, $NO_2^-}$ $NO_3^-}$, $NO_4^{2-}$-, $PO_4^{3-}$. $F^-$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $K^+) and non-soluble metals(Cr.Si. Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ad. V. Cal were measured by pH meter, IC (ion Chromatography) and ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma). The data were analyzed by the dally. hourly distribution characteristics of acidity and chemical components, as well as the correlation between them. The results are as follows. 1. The pH range of precipitation was from 3.45 to 6.80 in Kimhae area. and average value was pH 4.62 and main chemical components were $SO_4^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NO_3^-$. The highest pH value and concentration appeared in initial rain, which might result from urbanlzation and industrialization in this area and long term transportation from China. 2. The hourly correction distribution of main anions related to pH value In the rainwater showed $SO_4^{2-}$ > $NO_3^-$ > $Cl^-$. Hourly concentration of heavy metal and each ion was highly correlated with pH in the precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.173-179
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• 1973

Tobacco, which has nicotine for its main component, has been in medical use for a long time and in great demand for smoking throughout the world. The purpose of this study is to control nicotine amount and to increase yield more efficiently by the method of systematic variations. Nutrient solutions for tobacco culture were designed and prepared in 10 kinds with mineral ions: $NO_{3^-},\;SO_{4^{--},\;PO_4{^{-3},\;K,{^+}\;Ca,{^{++}\;Mg,{^{++}$, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Fe. Nicotiana tabacum L. Yellow Special A, grown for 50days from sowing, was replanted in plastic pot and cultured for 65 days supplying with prepared nutrient solutions. After harvest, their nicotine amount was determined by means of acid-base titrimetry and gas chromatography. The tobacco plants in KCa 4 and KMg 9 groups demonstrated the highest yield in total leaves weight and KMg 7 group in average nicotine amount. They have shown the increase of nicotine amount from lower leaf to 16th leaf, and thereafter decreased gradually. The author also pursued the optimum ionic proportions for the absolute nicotine amount in tobacco by means of systematic variations method.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.359-364
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• 2010

Lactobacillus acidophilus A12 was isolated from chicken feces for use as an immunostimulating livestock probiotic. The purpose of this study was to optimize the production of L. acidophilus A12 using response surface methodology (RSM). Initially, the influence of growth medium was studied in terms of carbon sources (glucose, fructose, lactose, glycerol, sucrose, ethanol, and mannitol), nitrogen sources (beef extract, yeast extract, malt extract, and tryptone), and inorganic salts ($CaCl_2$, $MgSO_4$, $KH_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $FeSO_4$, and NaCl). Through one factor-at-a time experiment, lactose, yeast extract, and $CaCl_2$ were determined to be the best sources of carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic salt, respectively. The optimum composition was found to be 17.7 g/L lactose, 18.6 g/L yeast extract, and 0.9 g/L $CaCl_2$. Under these conditions, a maximum cell density of 9.33 Log CFU/mL was produced, similar to the predicted value.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.137-140
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• 2000

Marine microorganism strain 96CJ10356 produced exopolysaccharides, designated as EPS-R. To optimize culture conditions for the production of EPS-R, carbon, nitrogen, mineral salt, temperature, and pH were examined. STN medium was suggested as follow; sucrose 20, tryptone 10, NaCl 10, $MgSO_4$ 5, $CaCl_2$ 1, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.0076, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.0083, $FeCl_2$ 0.005, $MnCl_2$ 0.001, $NaMoO_4$ 0.001, $ZnCl_2$ 0.001 (g/1) and pH 7.0 About 9.23 g/l of EPS-R was obtained from the STN medium after cultivation for 120 h at $25^{\circ}C$ in 5-liter jar fermentor with an aeration rate of 0.17 vvm. Apparent viscosity and flocculation activity of the culture broth were increased with the production of the EPS-R and the maximal values were reached to 415 cp and 1400 units/ml against 0.5 % activated carbon, respectively.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.180-186
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• 2010

$TiO_2$ nanotubes were formed on Ti by anodizing in 1 M $H_3PO_4$ + 0.3 M HF and 0.1 M $NH_4F$ + 2% $H_2O$ in ethylene glycol, and their surface and cross-sectional morphologies were observed using FE-SEM as a function of anodizing time and applied voltage. The cross-section of the $TiO_2$ nanotubes was readily observed from the small pieces of nanotubes remaining near the scratch lines after scratching of the anodized surface. $TiO_2$ nanotubes was observed to grow faster and thicker in non-aqueous solution than in aqueous solution. Diameter of $TiO_2$ nanotubes was proportional to the applied voltage, irrespective of the type of the electrolyte, and it is recommended to use non-aqueous solutions for the preparation of larger diameter of $TiO_2$ nanotubes.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 1995

A screening was performed to isolate exoploysaccharide-producing microorganisms, which synthesized specific exopolysaccharide for the substitutive of commercial polysaccharides, from natural sources. Soil bacterium, one of 378 mucoid isolates, was finally selected as potential producer of polysaccharides which made the culture broth very viscous and thus examined in detail for optimal medium composition. Isolated strain was identified as Xanthomonas sp. EPS- 1 from the results of morphological and biochemical characteristics. The composition of optimal medium for exopolysaccharide production was as follows: 50 g sucrose, 1.5 g peptone, 2 g KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, 2 g MgSO$_{4}$, -7H$_{2}$O, 3 g NaCl, 0.05 g CaCO$_{3}$, 0.07 g FeSO$_{4}$-7H$_{2}$O and 0.05 g MnSO$_{4}$-7H$_{2}$O in 1 liter of distilled water. From the experiments of temperature and pH dependence, the optimal conditions for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis seemed to be 30$\circ$C and 8.0, respectively. About 14.9 gram of maximum exopolysaccharide per liter was obtained at the initial pH 8.0, 30$\circ$C and 250 rpm in a flask culture. The exopolysaccharide EPS-1 had such potential as an emulsifying agent and a gelling agent in comparision with commercial exopolysaccharide.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2013

This research assessed the surface properties of modified activated carbons with three different acids and five different metals for ammonia gas removal. Raw bituminous coal-based activated carbon ($4{\times}8$ mesh) had low adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg $NH_3/g$ based on the analysis in the column adsorption experiment. Adsorption capacities of carbons modified with $CH_3COOH$, $H_3PO_4$, and $H_2SO_4$ increased up to 3.34, 21.00, and 35.21 mg $NH_3/g$, respectively. Those of carbons with Cu, Zn, Zr, Fe, and Sn were 9.63, 9.13, 7.09, 25.12 and 15.03 mg $NH_3/g$. Ammonia adsorption was enhanced by the presence of surface oxygen groups on carbon materials, which influenced pH of carbon surface. BET surface area of raw carbon was analyzed to be $1087m^2/g$, but it decreased by carbon surface modification. Fe-impregnated carbon showed $503.02m^2/g$ of surface area. These observations were mostly caused by chemical adsorption.