• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.463-467
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• 2009

Allium 속 근연종인 파와 양파간 종간교잡을 이용하여 양파로부터 새로운 형질을 도입하는 과정에서 유래되는 종간교잡 F1과 여교잡 세대들의 게놈크기의 변화를 flow cytometry를 이용하여 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양파와 파의 종간교잡 F1의 식물학적 특성은 양친의 중간형을 보였으나 여교잡이 진전됨에 따라 반복친인 파의 표현형이 우세하였다. flow cytometry를 이용하여 2C nuclear DNA content을 측정한 결과 $F_1$은 양친에 비해 오히려 증가하였으나 여교잡이 진행됨에 따라 급속히 감소하여 $BC_2F_1$에서는 반복친과 비슷한 수준으로 감소하였다. 여교잡세대의 자식인 $BC_1F_2$은 반복친과 비슷한 $23.1{\pm}1.0pg$으로 측정되었으나 $BC_2F_2$는 $22.9{\pm}0.4pg$으로 반복친의 2C nuclear DNA content인 $23.2{\pm}0.2pg$ 보다 오히려 감소하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to delineate 'admixed hybrid' and 'introgressive' Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating 'pure' F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.208-219
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• 2017

Heterosis or hybrid vigor describes a phenomenon that superior phenotypes compared to the two parents are observed in the heterozygous $F_1$-hybrid plants. Identification and characterization of heterosis-related genes (HRGs) will facilitate hybrid breeding in crops. To identify HRGs in Brassica rapa, we analyzed transcriptome profiling using a Br300K microarray in non-heading Chinese cabbage at three developmental stages. A large number of genes were differentially expressed in $F_1$ hybrids and non-additive expression was prominent. Genes that are expressed specifically for $F_1$ hybrid at all three stages were Brassica-specific uncharacterized genes and several defense-related genes. Expression of several photosynthesis- and stress-related genes were also $F_1$ hybrid-specific. Thirteen NBS-LRR class genes showed high and specific expression in $F_1$ hybrid Shulu: some of them were characterized as defense genes in Arabidopsis, but most have not been. Further characterization of these defense-related genes in Brassica species and its application will be helpful for understanding the role of defense responses in heterosis. In addition, results obtained in this study will be valuable to develop molecular markers for heterosis and disease resistance in B. rapa.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1992

The present study examined various environmental and cultural media conditions for in vitro "rescue" of cross-fertilized ovules formed through sexual crosses between Nicotiana rustica and N. tabacum cv. BY4. The response ovules to two cultural procedures was compared; ovules were cultured either separately or left attached to the placenta. Total yield of seedlings and percent of normal seedlings were increased by culturing individual ovules separately, rather than on excised placenta. Total yield of seedlings and number of normal seedlings were produced following in vitro culture of individual fertilized ovules of N. rustica X M tabacum cv. BY4 at four days post-pollination on NN medium containing 2% sucrose. In the in vitro culture of fertilized ovules, high sucrose concentration increased the frequency of seedlings of abnormal appearance. Therefore, sucrose should be supplied to developing ovules at gradually decreased concentrations. Culture of fertilized ovules from three to eight days after pollination gave increased number of seedlings, but with delayed cultral time the number of morphologically normal seedling were decreased. Hybrids were uniform in appearance and showed vegetative heterosis but flower characteristics were generally intermediate between those of the parents. All hvbrids evaluated were self-sterile.f-sterile.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1192-1196
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• 2004

In order to detect the molecular mechanism of heterosis in pigs, the mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences in gene expression of pig's Longissimus dorsi between the high-parent heterosis cross combination Landrace${\times}$Large White and the mid-parent heterosis cross combination Large White${\times}$Meishan. Three pig purebreds, Large White, Meishan, and Landrace and four types of reciprocal $F_1$ hybrids were analyzed using nine 3'-end anchored primers in combination with ten 5'-end arbitrary primers and nearly 7,000 reproducible bands were examined. The patterns of gene expression of each cross combination were analyzed and eight common patterns (fifteen kinds) were found. When the results from the two cross combinations were put together and compared, eight different typical expression patterns were observed, these indicated that the patterns of gene expression of these two cross combinations had obvious differences. Gene expression correlation and cluster analyses of the two cross combinations indicated that the gene expression of the mid-parent heterosis cross combination was correlated with maternal effect, but in the high-parent heterosis cross combination, paternal effect acted in the gene expression of the hybrids or the gene expression of the hybrids was biased towards one parent.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

The cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major vegetable crop in the world wide and fast-growing species that grows inhabitats of six continents. It is very important to determine hybrid seed purity in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for evaluating seed purity in $F_2$-hybrid radish cultivars demonstrated. One hundred eighty seeds from the F1 male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 13 primers. The 13 primers result in 17 cultivar-specific bands and 23 variable RAPD bands scored for cultivar. RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the harvest revealed 128 seeds tested except underdevelopment and decayed seeds were sibs. Especially, $F_2$ hybrids of radish, OPC13, OPD20 were presented clear hybrid bands. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. RAPD amplification of DNA extracted from germinated individuals from the female harvest reveal that 10 of 208 seeds tested were self-inbred (4.8%). RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the male harvest revealed 7 of the 208 seeds tested were sibs (3.4%). The RAPD may lead to a better insight in to the hybrid seed purity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2004

본 연구는 교잡종자 형질의 특성을 살펴보고 발아과정중 온도가 배의 신장에 미치는 영향과 종간의 종자내 배유의 단백질 함량 및 발아 과정중 종자 LOX 활성에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 종자의 무게는 $F_{1}>BC_{1}F_{1}>$ 미국삼 > 고려인삼 순으로 종간에 큰 차이가 있었고, 배생장율은 $F_{1}$의 종자가 미국삼이나 고려인삼보다 양호하였다. 고려인삼, 미국삼 및 $F_{1}$ 종자는 $5^{\circ}C$에서 60일간 저온처리한 종자가 $90{\%}$내 외의 배신장을 하였고, $BC_{1}F_{1}$ 종자는 배생장율은 $79.2{\%}$로 다소 불량하였다. 온도 처리별 고려인삼과 미국삼의 배생장율은 $5^{\circ}C$에 파종한 종자들이 $25^{\circ}C$에 파종한 종자보다 양호하게 신장되었다. 종간의 LOX의 효소(specific activity)활성은 저온처리 종자$5^{\circ}C$에의 경우 고려인삼 종자의 활성이 $0.106({\Delta}A234/min/ml)$, 미국삼 0.092, 잡종 $F_{1}\;0.107,\;BC_{1}F_{1}\;0.066$이었다. 종간의 LOX의 특정 효소 반응은 저온처리받은 종자$(5^{\circ}C)$가 $25^{\circ}C$에 파종한 종자보다 두 품종 모두 활성이 2배정도 높았다. $5^{\circ}C$ 파종후 60일 처리 종자는 0.106, 70일 처리 종자는 0.123, 80일 처리 종자는 0.179로서 종자가 발아하는 과정에서 활성이 높았다. 종자내의 단백질 함량은 $5^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에서 전반적으로 고려인삼 종자가 미국삼 종자 보다 단백질 함량이 높았다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1994

본 시험은 사초용으로 생산성이 우수한 수수$\times$수단그라스 잡종을 선발할 목적으로 도입 9품종의 생육특성과 생산성을 비교 검토하였다. 시험은 3년간(1989-1991)건국대학교 자연과학대학 부속 사료포장에서 실시하였으며 그 결과를 용약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 3년간 평균초장은 $NC^+855$, Sordan79와 T.E. haygrazer가 다른 품종에 비해 길었으며, Super grazer는 173cm로 가장 짧게 나타났다(p<0.01). 1차예취시 생육단계에 있어서는 $NC^+855$와 Pioneer988이 빨랐으며, G83F, FP5, Super grazer는 늦은 품종으로 나타났다. 2. Super grazer와 Sordan79는 경이 굵은 품종인 반면, $NC^+855$, Garst757과 FP5는 타 품종에 비해 경이 가늘은 품종으로 나타났다. 3. 평균 벽자수는 3.1~4.0개이며, $NC^+855$와 PF5는 4.0개로서 가장 높게 나타났으나 고사솔은 Sordan79가 4.0%로 가장 낮은 반면, Super grazer가 9.8%로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 4. GW9110G, G83F, T.E. gaygrazer는 도복성이 심하며(pM0.01), 붉은 반점 출현은 Grarst757, $NC^+855$, Sordan79에서 특히 심하였고(P<0.05), 서리피해도 전 품종에서 높게 나타났다. 5. 상대기호성은 GW9110G, Sordan79, Garst757이 높았으나 G83F와 Super grazer는 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 나머지 4품종은 이들 중간이였다(73-78%). 6. 건물수량에 있어서는 공시 품종간에 유의차는 없었으나 Pioneer988과 Sordan79가 높은 경향을 보였으며, 모든 품종이 연작에 의한 감수현상을 나타냈다. 이상 수수$\times$수단그라스의 9품종중 생육특성 및 건물수량면에서는 Pioneer988과 Sordan79가 가장 좋았으나 GW9110G와 Garst757은 기호성이 타 품종에 비하여 높은 반면 다소 수량이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1988

Hybries which was made up by chromosome of L. longiflorum and L. x elegans, using root-tip individual which was obtained through ovary slice culture, and root-tip of these parents, with hoirugen staining, gimsa staining and Q-H staining inaccordance with the location and the existence of secondary construction which waslocating near short arm centromere of No, 1,2,6,9. In metaphase of meiosis ofhybrid which was made up by univalent from 2 individuals to 10 individuals wasobserved, and nuclear plate which was having abnormal type's synthesis amounted to91% of all cells whieh were observed. This result showed the fact that someobstacle arose annormal progress of the divission after that time. 63% of the cellshad micronucleus from 1 individlial to 4 individuals in tetrad phase of meiosisdivision. The peroxidase and $\alpha$ -estelase zymogram phenotypes of parents andhybrids were determined using agarlose IEF gel. Crosses were performed betweenparents bearing dissimilar allelomorphs in orther to discern the genetic control ofthe resolved enzymes. Genetic variation of hybrids were detected at all but 2 plant progenies.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2012

KC00256, KC00406, KC00462, KC00463, KC00820, and KC00821, the genetic resources that have previously been reported as moderately resistant to Phytophthora capsici, as well as the line KC01322, a new source of moderate resistance introduced from Laos, were tested against two strains (Pc003 and Pc005) of P. capsici. We also determined the nuclear restorer genotypes of these lines, in regards to their interaction with cytoplasmic male sterility, through crossing the resources with cytoplasmic male sterile Punggok-A (Srfrf) and determining the fertility of the $F_1$ hybrids. The studied lines exhibited a low level of resistance to both the strains of P. capsici compared to highly resistant CM334, but their response was fairly consistent for both P. capsici strains. KC00406, KC00462, KC00463, and KC01322 produced stable, male fertile $F_1$ plants indicating that they are restorers with genotype N(S)RfRf. KC00821 produced male sterile $F_1$ plants and was identified as a maintainer with genotype Nrfrf. The $F_1$ plants of the KC00820 cross, however, set a few male fertile flowers in the greenhouse at seedling stage, then became male sterile after being transplanted to the plastic greenhouse soil in May and remained so to the end of the growing season. Therefore, KC00820 is an unstable maintainer with genotype Nrfrf. The moderate resistance exhibited by these genetic resources may be integrated into breeding programs aimed at promoting higher levels resistance via recurrent selection or hybridization.