• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.871-880
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• 1999

The effects of dry roasting (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$ for 15, 30, 45 min) on potential ruminant protein nutritional values in terms of: a), rumen bypass protein (BCP); b), rumen bypass starch (BST); c), fermented organic matter (FOM); d), true absorbed bypass protein (ABCP); e) microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available energy (E_MP); f), microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on available nitrogen (N_MP); g), true protein supplied to the small intestine (TPSI); h), true absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (AMP); i), endogenous protein losses (ENDP); j), true digested protein in the small intestine (DVE); k), degraded protein balance (OEB) of whole lupin seeds (WLS) and faba beans (WFB) were evaluated by the new Dutch DV/OEB protein evaluation system. Dry roasting significantly increased BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP, DVE (p<0.001) and decreased FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB (p<0.001) with increasing temperatures and times except that when temperature was at $110^{\circ}C$. The values of BCP, BST, TPSI, ABCP and DVE at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were increased 2.2, 3.7; -, 2.0; 1.7, 1.7; 2.3, 3.7 and 1.7, 1.7 times and the values of FOM, E_MP, AMP, N_MP and OEB at $150^{\circ}C/45min$ for WLS and WFB were decreased by 15.3, 25.8; 18.1, 25.8; 18.7, 25.8; 54.6, 41.6 and 82.3% 54.7%, respectively, over the raw WLS and WFB. The results indicated that though dry roasting reduced microbial protein synthesis due to reducing FOM, TPSI didn't decrease but highly increased due to increasing BCP more than enough for compensation of the microbial protein decreasing. Therefore the net absorbable DVE in the small intestine was highly increased. The OEB values were significantly reduced for both WLS and WFB but not to the level of negative. It indicated that microbial protein synthesis might not be impaired due to the sufficient N supplied in the rumen, but the high positive OEB values in the most treatments except of $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min of WLS (The OEB values: 54.8 and 26.0 g/kg DM) indicated that there were the large amounts of N loss in the rumen. It was concluded that dry roasting at high temperature was effective in shifting protein degradation from rumen to intestines and it increased the DVE values without reaching the negative OEB values. No optimal treatment was found in WLS due to the too high OEB values in all treatments. But dry roasting at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 45 min might be optimal treatments for WLS due to the very lower OEB values.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.366-371
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• 1995

High performance magnetic materials are characterized by the combination of outstanding magnetic properties and optimized microstructures, e.g., nanocrystalline composites of multilayers and small particle systems. The characteristic parameters of the hysteresis loops of these materials vary over more than a factor of $10^{6}$ with optimum values for the coercive field of several Tesla and permeabilities of $10^{6}$. Within the framework of the computational micromagnetism (nanomagnetism) using the finite element method the upper and lower bounds of the coercive field of different types of grain ensembles and multilayers have been determined. For the case of nanocrystalline composites the role of grain size, exchange and dipolar coupling between grains and the degree of grain alignment will be discusses in detail. It is shown that the largest coercivities are obtained for exchange decoupled grains, whereas remanence enhancing requires exchange coupled grains below 20 nm. For composite permanent magnets based on $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B$ with an amount of ~ 50% soft $\alpha$-Fe-phase coercivities of ${\mu}_{0}H_{c}=0.75\;T$, a remanence of 1.5 T and an energy product of $400\;kJ/m^{3}$ is expected. In nanocrystalline systems the temperature dependence of the coercivity is well described by the relation ${\mu}_{0}H_{c}=(2\;K_{1}/M_{s}){\alpha}-N_{eff}{\mu}_{0}M_{s}$, where the microstructural parameters $\alpha$ and $N_{eff}$ take care of the short-range perturbations of the anisotropy and $N_{eff}$ is related to the long-range dipolar interactions. $N_{eff}$ is found to follow a logarithmic grain size size dependence ${\mu}_{0}H_{c}=(2\;K_{1}/M_{s}){\alpha}-N_{eff}(\beta1nD){\mu}_{0}M_{s}$. Several trends how to achieve the ideal situation $\alpha$->1 and $N_{eff}$->1->0 will be discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1999

In order to predict thermodynamic performance of refrigeration system, it is required to know the oil concentration of the refrigerant/oil mixture. The current method to measure the oil concentration is to extract the working mixture and then to measure the oil weight. However, it is Quite necessary to estimate oil concentration without any extraction of the working fluid. In this study a new method and working equation is presented as follows. It is based on the measurement of spedific gravity and temperature : $$C=a+b{\times}t+c{\times}t^2+(d+e{\times}t+f{\times}t^2){\times}SG$$ C is oil concentration, t is temperature($^{\circ}C$), SG is specific gravity of mixture and a~f is coefficients. The oil concentration ranges over 0~12 wt% and the temperature ranges over $20{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The specific gravity and temperature are measured using the on-line densimeter and thermometer. This working equation enables to predict the oil concentration without any extraction of the mixture. This equation can be applied for R-12/Naphthenic oil and R-134a/POE oil oiquid mixtures.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자 분야
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• pp.145-147
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• 2000

The secondary electron emission coefficient y of MgO single crystal according to the gas mix-ture ratio of Xe, $N_2$ to Ne have been investigated by $\gamma$-focused ion beam system. It is found that the MgO single crystals of (111) crystallinity has the highest $\gamma$ for operating Ne(Xe) ions ranging from 50eV to 200eV throughout this experiment. And it is found that the $\gamma$ for gas mixtures are much smaller than pure Ne ions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.555-567
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• 2022

With the introduction of the tele-monitoring system (TMS) in South Korea, monitoring of the concentration of pollutants discharged from nationwide water quality TMS attachments is possible. In addition, the Ministry of Environment is implementing a smart sewage system program that combines ICT technology with wastewater treatment plants. Thus, many institutions are adopting the automatic operation technique which uses process operation factors and TMS data of sewage treatment plants. As a part of the preliminary study, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) analysis method was applied to TMS data to identify predictability degree. TMS data were designated as independent variables, and each pollutant was considered as an independent variables. To verify the validity of the prediction, root mean square error analysis was conducted. TMS data from two public sewage treatment plants in Chungnam were used. The values of RMSE in SS, T-N, and COD predictions (excluding T-P) in treatment plant A showed an error range of 10%, and in the case of treatment plant B, all items showed an error exceeding 20%. If the total amount of data used MLP analysis increases, the predictability of MLP analysis is expected to increase further.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2009

We estimated site productivity for unstocked land based on the relationship between site index (i.e., average height of dominant trees at fixed age) and soil physico-chemical properties of Pinus densiflora stands. Site index relates to a direct method of determining a tree's response to a specific environment such as forest soil and climate conditions. We selected 78 sites in 22 P. densiflora stands of central temperate forest zone, and sampled soils for physicochemical analyzing. And 13 properties of soils were statistically treated by stepwise regression. In the degree of contribution of the variables to site index, the highly effective variables in A horizon were OM, clay content, sand content, available $P_2O_5$, and Exch. $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ inorder, and in B horizon T.N., O.M., Soil pH, cation exchange capacity(C.E.C.), and sand content in order. In both A and B horizon of the soil for P. densiflora stands, the variables commonly contributed to the site index were sand content and OM. These results may be useful to provide not only important criteria for establishment of Pinus densiflora stand sespecially in unstocked land but also aguidance for reforestation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that body composition, nutrient intake, and biochemical indices have on skin status, as well as their associations with skin health status, by assessing 44 female university students. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to skin sensitivity: sensitive skin (n=11), slightly sensitive skin (n=24), and normal skin (n=9). The study included anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses, dietary intake evaluations, blood chemical analyses, and skin health status assessments. Based on % body fat, the results indicated the subjects were moderately obese (29.6%). Obesity indices were not different among the groups, but the sensitive skin group tended to have higher skinfold thickness. Dry skin was determined as the skin type of all subjects. In the sensitive skin groups, U-zone and T-zone sebum were significantly lower (p<0.05), and spots were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the normal skin group. In terms of nutrient intakes, the sensitive skin groups consumed significantly lower amounts of P and vitamins A and E (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum lipid fractions or total antioxidant status among the groups. In correlation coefficients analysis, skin elasticity had significant negative correlations with subscapular and midaxillary skinfold thickness, body protein, and body minerals (p<0.05). Wrinkling had positive correlations with triceps and thigh skinfold thickness (p<0.05). Skin evenness had negative correlations with energy intake, vitamins A, $B_1,\;B_2$, C, E, niacin, and zinc (p<0.05), as well as folate and P (p<0.01) and vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.001). A similar correlation tendency was observed for spots and nutrient intake, showing negative correlations with vitamins A, $B_6$, and E, as well as folate, Fe, and P. U-zone sebum showed significant positive correlations with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. From these findings, skin health status appears to be affected by both nutrient intake and body composition. Therefore, having a proper balance between dietary intake and body composition may influence skin health status in females with sensitive skin.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

The coat protein (CP) of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) was analyzed for presentation of the antigenic peptide of animal virus, Canine parvovirus (CPV), in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The 45 nucleotides fragment coding for the 15-aa peptide epitope of the CPV-VP2 protein was either inserted into the PRSV-cp gene at the 5', 3' ends, both 5' and 3' ends or substituted into the 3' end of the PRSV cp gene. Each of the chimeric PRSV cp genes was cloned into the pRSET B vector under the control of the T7 promoter and transformed into E. coli. The recombinant coat proteins expressed from different chimeric PRSV-cp genes were purified and intraperitoneally injected into mice. All of the recombinant coat proteins showed strong immunogenicity and stimulate mice immune response. The recombinant coat proteins containing the CPV epitope insertion at the C terminus and at both N and C termini elicited ten times higher specific antisera in immunized mice compared with the other two recombinant coat proteins which contain the CPV epitope insertion at the N terminus and substitution at the C terminus.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1992

In this study, corrosion fatigue test of SAPH45 steel was performed by the use of plane behavior of base metal (BM) and heat affected zone (HAZ) of SAPH45. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) The more aspect ratio (b/t) of corner crack decreases, the more aspect ratio (b/a) takes greatly effect by corrosion. 2) The correlation between the stress intensity factor range ($\Delta$k) and crack growth rate (da/dN) for weldment in seawater is given by Paris rule as follow: da/dN=C($\Delta$K) super(m). Where m is constant, and the value is 3.82-3.84. 3) The accelerative factor ($\alpha$) of BM and HAZ under seawater is about 1.1-1.9, and ($\alpha$) of HAZ increases more and more under the low $\Delta$K region. 4) HAZ is more susceptible to corrowion than BM because of potential of electrode (E sub(c)) of HAZ becomes more less noble potential than that of BM.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.863-866
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• 2003

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized on glass substrates in the different ramp-up heating ambient of vacuum, He, Ar, and $N_{2}$ by thermal chemical vapor deposition. CNTs with higher crystallinity were developed in the buffer gases with faster growth rates than in vacuum. Field emission characteristics were strongly related to the relative position of CNT emitters to the cathode electrodes. The areal-spread emission and instability were overcome by locating the emitters far away from the edges of cathode electrodes. The electrical conditioning of emitters improved their emission uniformity over a large area although it decreased the emission current. This study also discussed the long-term stability of CNT emitters.