• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

본 연구는 대한민국 성인을 대상으로 대사증후군(metabolic syndrome, MetS) 유·무에 따른 빈혈과 추정 사구체여과율(estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) 및 요 미세 알부민/크레아티닌 비율(urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio, uACR)의 관련성을 평가하기 위하여 2012년 국민건강 영양조사(KNHNES V-3) 자료를 활용하여 20세 이상 성인 4,943명을 대상으로 데이터를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 몇 가지 중요한 발견이 있었다. 첫째, 비 MetS 그룹에서는 정상군(eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m² 및 uACR<30 mg/g)의 빈혈(남성, 헤모글로빈[hemoglobin, Hb]<13 g/dL; 여성, Hb<12 g/dL)의 발생률에 비하여 감소된 eGFR 그룹(eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m²; odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90~7.00) 및 감소된 eGFR+증가된 uACR 그룹(eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m² 및 uACR≥30 mg/g, OR, 6.00; 95% CI, 2.61~13.80)의 빈혈 발생률이 높았다. 둘째, MetS 그룹에서는 정상군에 비하여 증가된 uACR 그룹(OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.11~4.27), 감소된 eGFR 그룹(OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.09~12.75) 및 감소된 eGFR+증가된 uACR 그룹(OR, 18.17; 95% CI, 6.16~53.63)의 빈혈 발생률이 높았다. 결론적으로, 비 MetS 그룹에서는 빈혈은 eGFR의 감소와 관련이 있었고, MetS 그룹에서는 빈혈은 eGFR 감소 및 uACR 증가와 관련이 있었다. 추가적으로, 비 MetS 그룹과 MetS 그룹 모두에서 eGFR의 감소 및 uACR의 증가가 동시에 나타날 때 빈혈의 발생률이 크게 증가하였다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to investigate isolation and antimicrobial resistance ratio of E. coli, E. faecium and E. faecalis from feces(l50 samples) and carcasses (150 samples) on slaughtered pigs from 6 slaughterhouse of 13 cities in the Gyeongnam during the period from January 2009 to December 2009. Isolation ratio of E. coli from feces and carcasses were 98 (65.3%) and 110(73.3%), respectively, and simultaneously, E. faecalis and E. faecium from feces and carcasses were isolated 21 (14%), 52(34.7%) and 18(12%), 14 (9.3%), respectively. All E. coli isolated from feces and carcasses except cefepime (0%) and ceftiofur (0%) were exhibited 2.4~83.6% of resistance to teteracycline (83.6%), ampicillin (68.2%), streptomycin (60%), chloram-phenicol (53.8%) and cephalothin (2.4%). All E. faecalis isolated from feces and carcasses except penicillin(0%) and vancomycin (0%) were exhibited 2.7~80.8% of resistance to teteracycline (80.8%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (78%), erythromycin (56.1%), streptomycin (43.8%) and bacitracin (2.7%). All E. faecium isolated from feces and carcasses except gentamicin (0%), vancomycin (0%), florfenicol (0%), linezloid (0%) and bacitracin (0%) were exhibited 3.1~53.1% of resistance to rifampin (53.1%), erythromycin and tetracycline (25%), penicillin (15.6%), ciprofloxacin (9.3%), and streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and quinupristin/dalfopristin (3.1%). According to the heard size, resistance ratio of E. coli strains isolated from feces and carcasses in slaughtered pigs-breeding farms over 1,500 heard to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol showed higher resistance ratio (1.0~16.8%) than those of farms-breeding under 1,500 heard. From the our results, we suggest that a few of antimicrobials were used in the Gyeongnam than the other cities.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.171-178
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• 1999

Despite of decrease in shear and moment strengths, most steel structural designers use web openings in beams because of economical benefit and requirement. The purpose of this study is to suggest the method of reinforcement of H-shape steel beams with a rectangular web opening. If shear predominates over bending, it is necessary to consider all possible combinations of shear force and bending moment acting at the opening. In this paper, the ultimate strength and behavior of perforated beams have been investigated according to parameters (ratio of M/V, opening width within opening height ratio D/h, various reinforcing types A/B/C/D/M/N/W). The results of this study are as follows ; 1. Deformation of H-shape steel beams with a rectangular web opening was greatly affected by not only bending but also shear. 2. SB1-2/3 series have little difference in the reinforced efficiency, but SB1-2E/3E series have difference in the reinforced efficiency according to the reinforcement type. 3. Efficiency of SB1-2E/3E series is determined by reinforcing types, which RB1-2E-B/M/C and RB1-3E-M/D/C specimens have good efficient. Reinforcing type of perforated beams chooses efficient method according to ratio of M/V and D/h.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 1997

Apo E polymorphism(e2, e3, e4) was among the first reported genetic polymorphism that explained part of the normal vairation in plasma cholesterol concentrations. Both alleles E2 and E4 are significantly more frequent in patients with mixed forms of hyperlipidemia and contribute on the observed differences in CHD risk among different populations. Effects of apo E polymorphism on the distribution of plasma lipid profiles were studied in 89 normolipidemic healthy females, aged 19 up to 22 years. The relative frequencies of E3/3 was 0.787, E3/2 was 0.101, E3/4 allele was 0.112 and no E2/2, E2/4 and E4/4 were found. Weight, height and %LBM were elevated in E2 than those in E3&E4. No differences in the blood pressure among apo E isomers were found, otherwise the pulsation was higher in E4 than that in the others. There were no differences in plasma total-, total DL-, HDL$_3$-, HDL$_2$ cholesterol, apo B-100 and apo A-I, However, phenotype means rank E3/2>E3/3>E3/4 in average TG levels(p<0.0001) significantly, and rank E3/4>E3/3>E3/2 in LDL cholesterol levels. These results were related to the correlation between atherogenic indiced (AI) such as LDL/HDL, (TC-HDL)/HDL, HDL$_3$/HDL$_2$. The ratio of HDL$_3$& HDL$_2$was significantly increased in E2 & E4 than that in E3(P=0.043). LCAT activity was not different between E2 and E3 but was highly increased in E4 (p<0.0001 among apo E isomers), but CETP was not different. Since the negative correlation between LCAT and CETP in apo E2(r=-0.491) was stronger than that in apo E3, E2 allele impacts the clearance of plasma apo E mediated lipoproteins. In conclusion firstly, E4 mediated alteration through LDL or E receptors results in lower TG or higher $\beta$-lipoprotein levels and E2 shows reciprocal effects of E4, respectively. Second, E4 allele was more atherogenic than E2 allele because the higher levels of AI such as HDL$_3$/HDL$_2$ were criticized.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2005

경남진주의 콩포장과 대학 캠퍼스에서 톱다리개미허리노린재의 집합페로몬을 사용하여 난기 생봉인 Ooencyrtus nerarae(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)의 발생소장을 조사하였다. 2003년과 2004년에 대학 캠퍼스에 설치된 트랩에 유살된 암컷의 수는 수컷 유살수의 317.5배와 103.4배이었고, 2004년 콩포장에서는 12.6배이었다. 콩포장에서 O. nezarae의 암컷은 8월 하순부터 유살되기 시작하여 9월 20일 전후에 가장 많이 유살되었다. 2003년과 2004년에 대학 캠퍼스에서는 8월 중하순부터 밀도가 증가하여 9월 상중순에 최성기를 나타내었다. 두 조사지역에서 모두 10월 이후에는 거의 발생하지 않았다. 톱다리개미허리노린재의 집합페로몬 세 성분, 즉 (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate(E2HZ3H)와 (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate(E2HE2H) 및 myristyl isobutyrate(MI) 중에서 E2HZ3H 만이 O. nerarae에 대해 유인력을 나타내었다. E2HZ3H:E2HE2H:MI를 7:36:7로 배합한 것보다는 20:20:10이나 16.7:16.7:16.7으로 배합한 트랩에 더 많은 수가 유인되었는데, 이는 배합된 E2HZ3H의 량 때문인 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국 성인에서 고혈압(HTN), 추정사구체여과율(eGFR) 및 소변미세알부민/크레아티닌 비율(ACR)과의 연관성을 평가하기 위한 연구이다. 제 6차 국민건강영양조사(2013~2014)에서 20세 이상 8,922명(남자 3,941명, 여자 4,981명)을 대상으로 관련변수를 보정한 후, 신기능저하(eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡) 및 알부민뇨(ACR ≥30 mg/g)에 따른 고혈압의 위험률을 분석하였다. 남자의 경우 HTN [수축기 혈압(SBP) ≥140 mmHg, 이완기 혈압(DBP) ≥90 mmHg 또는 HTN 약물 사용]의 위험비(ORs)가 정상 그룹(eGFR ≥60 mL/min /1.73 ㎡ 및 ACR <30 mg/g)에 비하여 저하된 eGFR 그룹(eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.21~3.24), ACR 상승 그룹(ACR ≥30 mg/g, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.54~2.69), eGFR이 감소하고 ACR이 증가된 그룹(eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 ㎡ 및 ACR ≥30 mg/g, 6.03; 95% CI, 2.82~12.92)에서 유의하게 높았다. 여자에서 HTN의 위험률은 정상 그룹보다 eGFR 저하 그룹(2.29, 95% CI, 1.27~4.13), ACR 상승 그룹(2.22, 95% CI, 1.68~2.94)과 eGFR이 저하되고 ACR이 증가된 그룹(10.77, 95% CI, 3.89~29.82)에서 유의하게 높았다. 결과적으로 HTN은 한국 성인에서 eGFR 저하, ACR 상승과 관련이 있으며, eGFR 저하와 ACR 상승이 동시에 발생했을 때 HTN의 유병률이 크게 증가했다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.647-654
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• 2000

During consolidation, the permeability of clay decreases with void ratio because of the reduction in total void space. After Kozeny(1927) and Carman(1956), many researchers have proposed the relations between void ratio and permeability. Most of the relations are expressed in the following forms as : (1) log e - log k(1+e), (2) e - log k, or (3) log e - log k. These relations have been found valid for a large number of normally consolidated clays. From laboratory test(CRS and I $L_{CON}$) results, the relation between void ratio and permeability of Kimhae clay was well defined in all of the three forms. Permeability change index, $C_{k}$, of Kimhae clay was in the range of 0.64~1,03 and average value of $C_{k}$ was 0.821. And the test results satisfied the experimental correlation between $C_{k}$ and e, $C_{k}$=0.5e. In log e - log k(1+e) relation, constant C was in the range of 1.91~4.74$\times$10$^{-8}$ cm/sec and n was in the range of 3.74~4.60.c and n was in the range of 3.74~4.60.74~4.60.0.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2009

The reduction of excess activated sludge from petrochemical plant was investigated by the electro fenton (E-Fenton) process using electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals which lead to mineralization of activated sludge to $CO_2$, water and inorganic ions. Factors affecting the disintegration efficiency of excess activated sludge in E-Fenton process were examined in terms of five criteria: pH, $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio, current density, initial MLSS (mixed liquid suspended solids) concentration, $H_2O_2$ feeding mode. TSS total suspended solid and $TCOD_{cr}$ reduction rate increased with the increasing $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio and current density until 42 and $6.7 mA/cm^2$, respectively but further increase of $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+}$ molar ratio and current density would reduce the reduction rate. On the other hand, as expected, increasing pH and initial MLSS concentration of activated sludge decreas TSS and $TCOD_{cr}$ reduction rate. The E-Fenton process was gradually increased during first 30 minutes and then linearly proceed till 120 minutes. The optimal E-Fenton condition showed TSS reduction rate of 62~63% and $TCOD_{cr}$ (total chemical oxygen demand) reduction rate of 55~56%. Molar ratio $H_2O_2/Fe^{2+} = 42$ was determined as optimal E-Fenton condition with initial $Fe^{2+}$ dose of 5.4 mM and current density of $6.7{\sim}13.3 mA/cm^2$, initial MLSS of 7,600 mg/L and pH 2 were chosen as the most efficient E-Fenton condition.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.906-910
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• 1996

Ferroxplana N $i_{2}$Y(B $a_{2}$N $i_{2}$F $e_{12}$ $O_{22}$ ) magnetic particles, which is one of the hexagonal ferrite were synthesized by a coprecipitation method. The coprecipitates were prepared by adding aqueous solution of BaC $I_{2}$ - 2 $H_{2}$O, NiC $I_{2}$ - 6 $H_{2}$O and FeC $I_{3}$ - 6 $H_{2}$O(of which the mole ratio is $Ba^{+2}$ : N $i^{+2}$ : F $e^{3+}$= 1 : 1 : 6) to a mixture of NaOH and N $a_{2}$C $O_{3}$. The shape of Ferroxplana N $i_{2}$Y magnetic particles obtained at 1, 100(.deg. C) was hexagonal plate-like, average particle size and aspect ratio were 2(.mu.m) and 7, respectively.y.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2021

본 연구는 19세 이상 성인에서 비타민E와 대사증후군 및 대사증후군 요인과의 관계를 알아보기 위한 연구로 제7기 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 활용한 단면조사 연구이다. 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0을 이용하여 가중치를 적용한 복합표본설계로 Chi-sqaure, t-test, ANOVA, 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 자료분석에 포함된 전체 대상자는 6,425명으로 ABIM (American Bord of Internal Medicine) laboratory reference range에 따라 비타민E 수준을 높음, 정상, 낮음으로 구분하였다. 비타민E가 높은 그룹 882명, 정상 그룹 5,498명, 낮은 그룹 45명이었다. 로지스틱회귀분석 결과 비타민E 수준이 정상인 그룹에 비하여 높은 그룹이 대사증후군(Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.889, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.550-2.303, p<.001), 복부비만(AOR: 1.444, CI: 1.205-1.730, p<.001), 고중성지방(AOR: 3.182, CI: 2.641-3.835, p<.001), 수축기혈압(AOR: 1.711, CI: 1.446-2.026, p<.001), 이완기기혈압(AOR: 1.806, CI: 1.521-2.144, p<.001), 저고밀도지단백콜레스테롤(AOR: 1.558, CI: 1.060-2.290, p=.024)의 오즈비가 증가함을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 비타민E와 대사증후군 및 대사증후군 요인과 연관성이 있음을 나타내므로 대사증후군 대상자 간호중재 시 비타민E에 대한 교육이 적극적으로 포함되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.