• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2020

This study analyzed, the characteristics of ambulatory care sensitive conditions(ACSCs) in patients visiting emergency departments(EDs) and compared characteristics according to two age groups (adults aged 19-64 years and, elderly people aged ≥65 years). By accessing data from the National Emergency Department Information System(NEDIS) from January 1 to December 31, 2018, we examined the proportions of different ED types and ACSCs, length of stay(LOS) in the ED, LOS hospital, and hospital admission rates. Regarding the types of EDs, we found that the proportion of local emergency medical centers was high(P<0.001). Regarding the rates of different ACSCs, 31.7% of adults were treated for gastroenteritis, a high proportion of the elderly people(48.2%) were diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia(P<0.001). The LOS in the ED was longer in elderly people for all diseases categories, except for congestive heart failure and diabetes(P<0.001). The LOS in the hospital was also significantly longer in elderly people for all ACSCs(P<0.05), and the admission rate was significantly higher in elderly people for all diseases, except for diabetes(P<0.01). Thus, analyzing the ED visits made by patients with ACSCs will need to strengthen the health-care policy to induce treatment centered on outpatient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1605-1611
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• 2017

Objective: Following a previous report, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of increasing level of dried stoned olives pomaces (DSOP) in the diet of lactating buffaloes on milk and mozzarella cheese yield and characteristics. Methods: Sixteen pluriparous buffaloes distributed into two groups were fed an isoenergetic (0.9 milk forage unit/kg) and isoprotein (149 g/kg dry matter [DM] of crude protein) diet, with or without DSOP. Each animal received 17 kg DM/d. Samples of forages and concentrates were weekly collected and used for duplicate chemical analyses. Individual milk samples from each control were analyzed for chemical and coagulating parameters and daily production of mozzarella cheese was estimated. At the end of the trial, bulk milk of each group was processed to produce mozzarella cheese and chemical (fat, protein, ash, pH) composition, fatty acids composition, carotenoids and tocopherols content were determined. A sensory test was also performed. The oxidative stability was measured on mozzarella cheese and on governing liquid. Results: No significant differences were observed, neither for milk yield and body condition score, nor for milk characteristics. The fat was higher (p<0.05) in mozzarella of DSOP fed group but, saturated fatty acids were lower and unsaturated higher (p<0.01). Furthermore, lower atherogenic (p<0.01), and thrombogenic (p<0.05) indices were found in mozzarella cheese of DSOP fed group. In addition, the administration of DSOP did not affect the mozzarella cheese oxidative stability and no negative effect was found in the sensory properties. Conclusion: No contraindications appeared for the inclusion of DSOP in the diet of lactating buffaloes. Besides, important effects on mozzarella cheese quality were obtained, such as a modification of fat content and attributes with an increment in the mono-unsaturated. Additionally, a lower saturated/unsaturated ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices suggest an improvement of dietetic and nutritional characteristics of mozzarella cheese.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activities of the extracts from various parts of three pinus species, P. densiflora, P. rigida and P. koraiensis to pathogenic fungus Collectotrichum gloeosporioides. The EtOAc fraction from the bark of P. koraiensis stem and root showed 98.8 and 100% of activity, respectively to the fungus. Median effective doses $(ED_{50})$ of above two fractions were 469 and 588 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively in the bioassay with the fungus. $ED_{50}$ of the EtOAc fraction from the bark of P. koraiensis stem against Alternaria brassicicola and Fusarium oxysporum was 533 and 2,277 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. This means that the fraction was more sensitive to the C. gloeosporioides and A. brassicicola than the fungus F. oxysporum. The EtOAc fraction from the leaves of P. densiflord showed 39.6% of activity to C. gloeosporioides, but all the fractions from the leaves of two species showed no activity. The active compounds in the bark of P. koraiensis stem and root are being identified.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of a trauma team's management. Methods: A total of 181 patients with severe trauma were retrospectively divided into two groups. Of these 181 patients, 81 patients without a trauma team admitted between April and October 2008 were assigned to Group 1, and 100 patients with a Trauma team admitted between April and October 2009 were assigned to Group II. We compared general characteristics, the length of stay in the emergency department (ED) and treatment outcomes (24-h packed RBC transfusion, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, 24-h mortality) between these two groups. Results: The length of stay in the ED was significantly reduced in Group II compared to Group I ($p$=0.025). No significant differences were found in mean arterial pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, Revised Trauma Score, Injury Severity Score, in-hospital mortality and 24-h mortality between the two groups. However, Group II had a lower amount of 24-h packed RBC transfusion and a shorter length of ICU and hospital stay than Group I, although these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Through the establishment of a trauma team, the length of stay in the ED can be reduced remarkably. Furthermore, the need for 24-h packed RBC transfusions and the length of stay in the ICU and hospital were found to be decreased in patients managed by a trauma team.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

To evaluate the effect of intervals of bromobenzene treatment on the liver damage, the bromobenzene (400 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to rats at either one day or two days interval at three times. All the experimental animals were sacrificed at 24 hours after the last injection. Liver morphological changes were observed under a light microscopic examination and liver functional changes were determined by the measurement of alaine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The experimental to examine the cause of liver damage were cytochrome P45O, glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. The results are summarized as follows; Based on the liver morphological and functional findings, the daily bromobenzene-treated rats (ED) showed the more severe liver damage than every other day bromobenzene-treated rats (EOD). The hepatic cytochrome P45O content was higher in EOD group than that in ED group. And the increasing rate of hepatic GST activity and decreasing rate of GSH content to the control were higher in EOD group than that in ED group. In conclusion, the treatment of bromobenzene intermittently to the rats may lead to more reduced liver injury compared with the continuously treated animals when both cases are treated with the same dose and frequency, and it may be caused by the enhancement of bromobenzene metabolism.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

RADCONS Ver. 1.0 (RADiological CONSequence Assessment Program) was developed for radiological risk assessment in this study. A Gaussian plume model was used to analyze the fate and transport of radionuclides released into the air in case of accidents. Both single meterological data and time series meterological data can be used in RADCONS. To assess the radiological risk of the early phase after an accident, ED (Effective Dose) estimated by both deterministic and probabilistic approaches are presented. These EDs by deterministic and probabilistic will be helpful to efficient decision making for decision makers. External doses from deposited materials by time are presented for quantifying the effects of mid and late phases of an accident. A radiological risk assessment was conducted using RADCONS for an accident scenario of 1 Ci of Cs-137. The maximum of ED for radii of 1,000 meters from the accident point was 8.51E-4 mSv. After Monte-Carlo simulation, considering the uncertainty of the breathing rate and dispersion parameters, the average ED was 8.49E-4, and the 95 percentile was 1.10E-3. A data base of the dose coefficients and a sampling module of the meteorological data will be modified to improve the user's convenience in the next version.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

Among the next generation memory, MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory) is worthy of notice for substituting the preexisting memory thanks to its non-volatile property and other advantages. Recently perpendicular MRAM and spin transfer torque MRAM techniques are under active investigation to realize a high density and low power consumption. As a result, there are increasing of patents applications for high density, low current density for magnetization switching and high thermal stability. In this paper, we analyze the trend of patent applications and registrations about MRAM and propose a direction of future investigation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 1996

A series of N-Cbz${alpha}$-aminosucinimides (1), combining common moieties of various anticonvulsants such as N-CO-C-N and cyclic imide in a single molecule, were synthesized from the corresponding (R)- and (S)-N-Cbz-aspartic acid (2). And their in vivo anticonvulsant evaluations in MES and PTZ test were investigated. And also the rotorod test for neurotoxicity was investigated. All the tested compounds (1), except 1c and 1f, showed significant anticonvulsant activities in both MES and PTZ test. And the most active compound among them in MES test was (R)-N-Cbz-${alpha}$-amino-N-methylsuccinimide (1b) $(ED_50/=52.5 mg/kg)$ and (S)-N-Cbz-aminosuccinimide((1d) was most active in PTZ test $(ED_50/=78.1 mg/kg)$. And the $TD_50$ values of the tested compounds were above 117.5 mg/kg. These pharmacological data were comparable to those of currently available anticonvulsants. And also we found that the pharmacological effects were dependent on their N-substituted alkyl chains and their stereochemistry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.235-237
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• 2009

변전자동화시스템이 IEC 61850 규격도입 이후 통신에 대한 적합성 시험과 함께 보호계전기의 보호 및 제어기능에 대한 시험도 통신과 결부되어 자동화하려는 추세에 있다. 기존에 변전소에 적용된 디지털 보호계전기는 IEC 61850 통신서비스와 접목되어 IED(Intelligent Electronic Device)로 불려진다. 기존의 보호계전기와 달리 IED의 경우 변전자동화시스템으로 통합구현되기 때문에 IED 단위시험 보다는 시스템 수준의 성능시험을 요구하게 된다. 따라서 CMC 256 전용프로그램을 가지고는 변전자동화시스템의 성능시험을 완벽하게 다루게 어렵게 때문에 사용자가 CMC 256 장비를 자유롭게 다룰 수 있는 환경개발을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 CMC 256 장비의 운용을 사용자 정의로 구현할 수 있는 CM Engine을 소개하고 실제 구현사례를 통해 변전자동화시스템의 성능시험을 위한 기반 자료를 다루고자 한다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2002

Interfacial and microfailure properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites were evaluated using both tensile fragmentation and compressive Broutman tests. A monomeric and two polymeric coupling agents were applied via the electrodeposition (ED) and the dipping applications. A monomeric and a polymeric coupling agent showed significant and comparable improvements in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) compared to the untreated case under both tensile and compressive tests. Typical microfailure modes including cone-shaped fiber break, matrix cracking, and partial interlayer failure were observed under tension, whereas the diagonal slipped failure at both ends of the fractured fiber appeared under compression. Adsorption and shear displacement mechanisms at the interface were described in terms of electrical attraction and primary and secondary bonding forces.