• 유기물자원화
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2018

톱밥 깔짚우사에서 채취한 젖소 분으로부터 바이오가스를 생산하는 효율을 분석하기 위하여 반 건식혐기소화 실험을 수행하였다. 첫 번째 실험으로서 젖소 분과 돈분 슬러리 그리고 두 가지 축분을 일정비율로 혼합한 재료를 대상으로 메탄 발생 잠재량(BMP; Biochemical Methane Potential) 실험을 수행하였다. 혐기소화 실험기간 동안 발생된 메탄가스의 누적량은 젖소 분이 포함된 처리구에서 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 실험으로서 깔짚우사에서 채취한 젖소 분을 단독으로 소화조에 투입하여 반 건식 혐기소화 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, TS (Total Solids) 농도가 13%인 젖소 분의 적정 HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time)는 25일인 것으로 분석되었으며, TS 농도가 13%인 반응조에서의 바이오가스 발생량은 1.36~1.50v/v-d의 범위였고 평균은 1.44v/v-d 수준이었다. 젖소 분의 TS 농도를 15% 수준으로 설정한 혐기소화조에서의 적정 HRT는 30일이었으며 반응조에서의 바이오가스 발생량은 1.50~1.61v/v-d 수준이었고 평균은 1.47v/v-d 수준이었다. TS 농도가 17% 수준인 혐기소화조에서의 최적 HRT는 30일인 것으로 분석되었다. 이 반응조에서의 바이오가스 발생량은 1.50~1.61v/v-d 이었고 평균은 1.55v/v-d 수준이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1479-1487
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• 2015

A total of 420 day-old male Ross chicks were weighed at d 1 of life and assigned to test diets to assess the efficacy of a new Buttiauxella spp. phytase expressed in Trichoderma reesei. Diets were: positive control (PC) adequate in nutrients and negative control (NC) diet (40% and 17% less available phosphorous (P) and calcium (Ca), respectively) supplemented with 6 levels of phytase 0, 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 2,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of diet. All diets had titanium dioxide as digestibility marker and each diet was allocated to ten cages (6 birds/cage). Diets were fed for 3 wk to measure growth performance, apparent retention (AR) on d 17 to 21 and bone ash and ileal digestibility (AID) on d 22. Growth performance and nutrient utilization was lower (p<0.05) for NC vs PC birds. Phytase response in NC birds was linear (p<0.05) with 2,000 FTU showing the greatest improvement on body weight gain (20%), feed conversion (7.4%), tibia ash (18%), AR of Ca (38%), AR of P (51%) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (5.1%) relative to NC. Furthermore, phytase at ${\geq}750FTU$ resulted in AID of total AA commensurate to that of PC fed birds and at ${\geq}1,000FTU$ improved (p<0.05) AR of P, dry matter, and N beyond that of the lower doses of phytase and PC diet. In conclusion, the result from this study showed that in addition to increased P and Ca utilization, the new Buttiauxella phytase enhanced growth performance and utilization of other nutrients in broiler chickens in a dose-dependent manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2001

Twelve indigenous male goats, comprising of six intact and six castrated (2.5-3 years; $24.4{\pm}0.62kg$) were assigned evenly into two dietary treatments, viz. $I_0$ and $I_{100}$ and were used to study the effect of supplementation of iodine on the nutrient utilization when their diet contained Leucaena leaf meal. They were offered a conventional concentrate mixture along with Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, the latter to meet 50% of their crude protein (CP) requirements, and supplemented with either no iodine ($I_0$) or 0.1 mg of iodine ($I_{100}$)/day/animal as potassium iodide for a period of 105 days. Wheat straw given ad libitum was the sole source of roughage. A metabolism trial of 8 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. It was observed that the overall dry matter (DM) intake during experimental period was higher (p<0.05) in $I_{100}$ group as compared to $I_0$ group (508.6 vs. $443.7g\;d^{-1}$). The intake of CP, digestible crude protein (DCP) and metabolisable energy (ME), although non-significant, tended to be higher in the iodine supplemented group, $I_{100}$. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract and crude fiber (CF) did not differ (p>0.05) between the treatments. However, nitrogen retention was higher (p<0.01) in $I_{100}$ than $I_0$ with the values being 2.63 and $1.70g\;d^{-1}$, respectively. No difference (p>0.05) was evident in the retention of calcium and phosphorus between the two groups. The castrated animal exhibited lower DM intake concurrent with higher digestibility of DM and crude fibre (p<0.05), and organic matter and total carbohydrates (p<0.01) when compared to intact ones. It was concluded that supplementation of iodine to leucaena based ration may help in improving the DM intake and nitrogen utilization by goats.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2011

타이어 인너라이너(innerliner)는 타이어 내부의 고무층으로 타이어의 공기압 유지 및 내구성능을 유지하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 일반적으로 인너라이너용 고무는 공기 투과속도가 낮은 halogenated butyl rubber(HIIR)를 가장 많이 사용하고 있다. 수년 전부터 chloronated butyl rubber(CIIR), brominated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene)(BIIR), brominated polyisobutylene-co-paramethylstyrene(BIMS) 고무와 높은 종횡비를 지닌 충전제를 복합화하여 고무기질내의 공기 투과 거리를 증가시켜 공기 차단 특성을 향상시키는 나노복합체 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 인너라이너의 고차단화 기술은 인너라이너의 두께 조절이 가능하고, 일정한 공기압 유지를 통한 타이어의 내구성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 고무 소재의 공기 차단 특성을 부여할 수 있는 차단성 소재 및 나노복합체 제조 기술에 대해서 살펴보았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.499-509
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wearing disposable diaper with the endothermic agent on thermoregulatory response of infant. Five healthy female infants aged about 5 months were taken as a subject of this experiment. Experimental diapers were six kinds of disposable diaper constructed of nonwoven tissue, fluff pulp, super absorbent polymer, back sheet film, leg elastic, and 0g urea(A) 1g urea(B) , 2g urea(C), 3g urea (D), 4g urea(E) 5g, urea(F) respectively. Urea(98% or over purity) was used as an endothermic agent. Experiment was proceeded while infants were sleeping at 27.5$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R.H, 0.04m/sec. Each disposable diaper's properties was tested. During the experiment rectal temperature skin temperature of 9 areas temperature inside the disposable diapers were measured, the results were as follows : 1) There was not significant difference among the diapers in absorption capacity retention capacity and rewet(p=0.05). The absorption under load was showed to A, B,

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary onion (Allium cepa) extract (OE) supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract retention (ATTR), blood profile, carcass characteristics and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Four hundred male broiler chicks (Ross 308, 3-d old) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments for 28 d feeding trial. Each treatment has five replications with 20 birds each. Four dietary treatments were designated according to the OE supplementation levels (0 as control, 5, 7.5, and 10 g of OE per kg of basal diet respectively). On d 28, a total of 20 birds from each treatment were subjected for ATTR, serum biochemical assay, carcass characteristic and organ weight measurement. Results: Overall weight gain of OE 7.5 g/kg group was higher (p = 0.04) than control group. The ATTRs of dietary energy (p<0.01) and ether extract (p = 0.04) linearly increased with increasing levels of dietary OE. However, no difference in ATTR of dry matter and crude protein was evident. Furthermore, serum IgG concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p = 0.03) with increasing OE supplementation. No differences in carcass dressing weight and amount of abdominal fat by treatments were observed. Also, the weight of organ including immune organ was not different among the treatments. The TBARS values of 10 d stored breast meat decreased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing dietary OE levels. The meat color was also affected, with lower (p<0.01) redness score in meats from OE supplemented groups. This study showed that dietary OE improved broiler weight gain presumably by increasing feed intake and ATTR of both energy and ether extract. The dietary OE increased serum IgG level and meat anti-oxidation capacity. Conclusion: This study implies that the recommended level of dietary OE supplementation could be beneficial for improving broiler performance and meat quality.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.16-37
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• 1988

A new quaternary ammonium compound, hydrolyzed ginseng-sapoin quaternary (HGSQ), from hydrolyzed Korean ginseng-saponin and 2, 3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride has been developed as a conditioning agent for hair care products. This structure has the hydrophilic group from the introduced cationic and the hydrophobic group from the aglycone of ginseng saponin. Its properties: surface tension, conductivity, critical micelle concentration, eye irritation, sorption onto hair, force reduction (%) for 20% extension and moisture retention effect comparing with the commercial standards. Also half-head tests of HGSQ-containing shampoo were carried out to compare the conditioning effects in shampoos.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2019

This work experimentally determined the effect of microaerobic condition on anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge in semi-continuous mesophilic digesters at hydraulic retention time of 20 days. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was $7{\pm}2ppm$ at the microaerobic condition and $14{\pm}2ppm$ at the anaerobic condition. Removal efficiency of volatile solid was not significantly different between microaerobic ($40{\pm}8%$) and anaerobic ($38{\pm}8%$) conditions. There was no important difference between microaerobic ($1,352{\pm}98ml/d$) and anaerobic ($1,362{\pm}104ml/d$) conditions in the biogas production, either. Therefore, it could be concluded that the application of the microaerobic condition was an efficient method of the hydrogen sulfide removal from the biogas.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 양돈폐수의 전처리 공정으로 부유성 세라믹 담체로 충진한 Anaerobic Filter (AF)을 이용하여 신재생에너지 메탄가스의 생산 가능성과 전처리 후 유출수의 후속 고도처리 적정성을 평가하였다. 유입 COD 농도가 14,000 mg/L인 양돈폐수를 Anaerobic Filter에 점진적으로 유기물부하(OLR)를 증가시키면서 혹은 수리학적 체류시간을 짧게 유지하면서 $35^{\circ}C$에서 운전한 결과는 다음과 같다. Anaerobic Filter는 HRT 0.5일(OLR 28 g TVS/L-d)에서 최대 메탄발생량 1.74 v/v-d를 달성하였으며, Biogas 기준 TVS 제거효율은 HRT 3일(OLR 4.67 g TVS/L-d)로 운전하였을 때 63%를 얻었다. 반면 유출수 분석에 의한 TCOD 제거효율은 75%를 상회하였다. 유출수의 알카리도는 모든 운전 조건에서 2,050~2,980 mg/L as $CaCO_3$로서 후속 질소제거 시 야기될 수 있는 알카리도 파괴를 상쇄할 수 있을 것이다. HRT 2일 이하의 운전조건에서 Anaerobic Filter 유출수의 COD/TKN 비는 10~35 범위로서 고도처리 시 적정비인 8 이상을 만족하였으며 COD/TP 비는 38~56범위로서 적정비 33 이상 유지가 가능하였다.