• 제목/요약/키워드: $D_{50}$

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Effect of Packaging Method on the Lipid Oxidation, Protein Oxidation, and Color in Aged Top Round from Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) during Refrigerated Storage

  • Kang, Sun Moon;Kang, Geunho;Seong, Pilnam;Park, Beomyoung;Cho, Soohyun
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.273-279
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    • 2014
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the packaging method on the lipid and protein oxidation, and color in aged top round from Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) for 14 d at $4^{\circ}C$. Catalase activity was the highest (p<0.05) in vacuum packaging (VP) treatment during storage, and was higher (p<0.05) in 50% Ox-MAP and 50% Ox-MAP+vacuum skin packaging (VSP) treatments than in other treatments at d 14. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher (p<0.05) in VP, 50% Ox-MAP, and 50% Ox-MAP+VSP treatments than in other treatments at d 14. During storage, total antioxidant activity was the highest (p<0.05) in VP treatment and was higher (p<0.05) in 50% Ox-MAP+VSP treatment than in 80% Ox-MAP treatment. TBARS value was the lowest (p<0.05) in VP treatment during storage and was lower (p<0.05) in 50% Ox-MAP and Ox-MAP+VSP treatments than in 80% Ox-MAP and Ox-MAP treatments, respectively. Carbonyl content was the lowest (p<0.05) in VP treatment from 10 d. From 7 d, the $a^*$ value was the highest (p<0.05) in VP treatment and was higher (p<0.05) in 50% Ox-MAP and 50% Ox-MAP+VSP treatments than in other treatments. The $b^*$ value was the highest (p<0.05) in VP treatment from 3 d, and was higher (p<0.05) in 80% Ox-MAP+VSP, 50% Ox-MAP, and 50% Ox-MAP+ VSP treatments than in 80% Ox-MAP treatment at d 14. Therefore, VP improved the oxidation and red color stabilities in stored-aged top round compared with Ox-MAP. In addition, 50% Ox-MAP improved the lipid oxidation and red color stabilities compared with 80% Ox-MAP, and its inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation was enhanced by combination with VSP.

한국 성인의 비타민D 섭취량과 혈중 25OHD 농도 및 골밀도와의 관련성 : 2011 국민건강영양조사 결과 재분석 (Vitamin D intake, serum 25OHD, and bone mineral density of Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2011))

  • 김미연;김미자;이선영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.437-446
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 5기의 2011년 자료를 이용하여 만 19세 이상 남녀를 대상으로 비타민D 섭취량과 혈중 25OHD 농도, 골밀도와의 관계를 분석하였다. 평균 비타민D 섭취량은 남성이 $3.84{\pm}0.23{\mu}g/day$, 여성은 $2.22{\pm}0.11{\mu}g/day$로 나타났으며, AI 미만 섭취 비율은 남성은 71.6~96.6%,여성은 80.2~98.5%로 모두 높게 나타났으며 여성이 남성에 비해 더 높았다. 혈중 25OHD 농도는 연령이 높아질수록 증가했으며, 혈중 25OHD의 결핍수준을 20 ng/mL 미만으로 보았을 때 남성은 47.8~81.1%, 여성은 59.4~92.8%의 결핍률을 보였고 젊은 층의 결핍률이 더 높았다. 50세 미만과 이상으로 나누어 비타민D 섭취량과 혈중 25OHD 농도, BMD와의 관계를 조사한 결과 50세 미만 연령층군에서는 비타민D 섭취량이 $10{\mu}g/day$ 이상인 군이 $5{\mu}g/day$ 이하인 군에 비하여 유의하게 혈중 25OHD 농도가 더 높았으며, 50세 이상 여성에서는 비타민D 섭취량이 $10{\mu}g/day$ 이상인 군이 $5{\mu}g/day$ 이하인 군에 비하여 골밀도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 즉, 한국 성인 남녀의 비타민D 섭취량 수준은 상당히 취약한 상태이나 식사를 통한 비타민D가 혈중 25OHD 농도를 상승시킬 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 그러므로 한국인이 비타민D 섭취량을 늘릴 수 있도록 강화식품 정책 등을 통해 비타민D 섭취량을 늘리는 방안을 모색하여야 한다. 특히, 2010년에 비해 2015년 한국인영양소섭취기준에서 19~49세 연령층의 비타민D 충분섭취량을 $5{\mu}g$에서 $10{\mu}g$으로 상향조정한 것은 바람직한 방향으로 개정된 것으로 판단된다.

실험적 지하철 소음에서의 지적활동이 혈액생리에 미치는 영향 (Effect of a Combinacon of Mental Activity with Experimental Subway Noise on Hematology)

  • 최석철;현경예;박재현;권헌영
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.1174-1180
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    • 2006
  • 이 연구는 지하철 소음 하에서 지적활동이 혈액생리에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 규명하기 위해 계획되었다. 56명의 건강한 지원자를 대상으로 지하철 소음노출 하에서 지적활동(암산)을 50분간 수행한 후 60분간의 휴식을 취하게 하였다. 스트레스 노출 전(기준치), 노출 50분, 노출 종료 후 60분의 휴식 등의 세 시기 때 정맥혈액을 채취하여 CBC, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 적혈구침강률, 섬유소원 농도, D-dimer 농도, 고감도 C-반응단백(H-CRP) 농도를 각각 분석하였다. 총 백혈구 수, 호중구 수, 림프구 수는 스트레스 종료 후 60분때는 모두 기준치보다 유의하게 상승하였다. 적혈구 수는 스트레스 노출 50분 때 기준치에 비해 유의한 증가를 보인 반면, 단구 수는 스트레스 노출 50분과 종료 후 60분 때 모두 기준치보다 유의하게 저하되었다. 혈소판 수와 적혈구침강률은 스트레스 종료 후 60분 때 기준치보다 낮았다. aPTT는 스트레스 노출 50분과 종료 후 60분 때 기준치보다 유의하게 단축되었는데 비해, PT는 스트레스 종료 후 60분때만 유의하게 단축되었다 D-dimer와 H-CRP 농도 둘 다 스트레스 50분과 종료 후 60분 때 유의한 상승을 보였다. 이 연구의 결과들은 지하철 소음과 병행된 지적활동이 백혈구수의 증가, 혈액농축, PT 및 aPTT의 단축, ESR의 감소, D-dimer 및 H-CRP 생성의 증가를 일으키며 이는 좋지 않은 지하철 환경이 잠재적으로 염증반응 및 혈전형성 반응의 발생 가능성을 유도할 수도 있음을 시사하는 것이다.

함량비례 개념에 의한 수분흡습 특성의 예측 (Prediction of Sorption Characteristics by Mass Balance Concept)

  • 윤회남;김호;신용달;유무영
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.77-81
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    • 1986
  • 이상혼합물(二相混合物)의 평형수분함량, 단분자충수분함량, Smith방정식의 절편 a와 기울기 b를 예측하고자 "성분의 함량 비례개념"을 이용하였다. 50 : 50인 옥수수전분과 분리대두단백의 이상혼합물(二相混合物)의 경우 평형수분함량은 절대오차평균이 2.29%이었으며, 단분자층수분함량은 2.95%, Smith 방정식의 a치(値)는 2. 15%, b치(値)는 0.51%의 오차를 나타내었다. 반면 50 : 50의 옥수수전분과 카제인으로 제조한 이상혼합물(二相混合物)은 평형수분함량은 2.66%, 단분자층수분함량은 -5.34%, a치(値)는 -0.80%, b치(値)는 단지 -2.27%의 오차를 보이고 있어 "성분의 함량비례 개념"에 의한 이상혼합물(二相混合物)의 수분흡습특성 예측은 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

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Increment in vitamin D level and bone mineral accrual in children with vitamin D deficiency

  • Rao, Yashwant Kumar;Midha, Tanu;Singh, Satyajeet;Bajpai, Anurag;Tilak, Amita
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제59권7호
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    • pp.292-297
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    • 2016
  • Purpose: To compare different regimens of vitamin D with respect to its serum increment levels and bone mineral accrual in vitamin D-deficient children. Methods: Children identified as being vitamin D deficient (serum levels<20 ng/mL) were divided into 3 treatment groups by stratified block randomization (group 1, 4,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium for 12 weeks; group 2, 30,000 IU/wk of vitamin D3 plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium for 12 weeks; and group 3, 300,000 IU of vitamin D3 once intramuscularly plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium). After regimen completion, each child received a maintenance dose of 400 IU/day vitamin D3 plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium. Their serum vitamin D level was measured after 3 and 12 months. Total body less head bone mineral concentration (BMC) and total body less head bone mineral density (BMD) were measured after 12 months. Results: The mean increment in serum vitamin D levels from baseline to 3 months was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, but the levels from 3 to 12 months were almost similar among all 3 groups. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups with respect to percentage increase of BMD and BMC. Conclusion: The injectable form of vitamin D was more efficacious than the oral forms in increasing the serum level to the normal range. All 3 regimens were equally effective in increasing the BMC and BMD. The 400 IU/day maintenance dose was sufficient to keep the serum level within the normal range.

이중편파 다이버시티 특성을 갖는 사각 링 구조의 능동형 패치 안테나에 관한 연구 (A Study on Rectangular-Ring Patch Active Antenna with Dual Polarization Diversity)

  • 윤기호
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.72-79
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    • 2009
  • 본 논문에서는 이중 원형 편파 특성을 갖는 소형 마이크로스트립 능동 안테나에 대해 기술하였다. 제안된 안테나는 좌수원형편파와 우수원형편파를 선택하여 수신할 수 있는 다이버시티 기능을 갖는다. 방사체용 마이크로 스트립 패치의 내부에 정사각형 빈 공간을 두어 소형화를 시켰으며 급전선로 주변에 슬롯을 위치시켜 임피던스 정합이 용이하게 하였다. 정사각형 빈 공간에는 스위치와 증폭기 회로들이 설계되었으며 이를 통해 편파 모드 선택과 안테나 이득을 증가시켰다. 제안된 안테나는 GPS 에 적용하였으며 임피던스 대역폭을 만족한다. 제작된 안테나는 우수원형편파 동작 시, 3dB 축비 대역폭은 약 50MHz, 3dB 빔 각도는 90도, 13dBi 의 안테나 이득이 측정되었다. 또한 좌수원형편파 동작 시, 3dB 축비 대역폭은 약 50MHz, 3dB 빔 각도는 84도, 약 12dBi 의 안테나 이득이 측정되었다.

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Vitamin D intake and bone mineral density in Korean adults: analysis of the 2009-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  • Hyejin, You;Hye Ran, Shin;SuJin, Song;Sun Yung, Ly
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.775-788
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Koreans is quite high; however, until recently, Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) had not analyzed the vitamin D intake among Koreans. Additionally, the Korean Dietary Reference Intake for vitamin D was established based on insufficient evidence. Therefore, we investigated vitamin D intake and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults using the combined data from the 2009-2011 KNHANES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in 11,949 healthy adults. Vitamin D intake was assessed using a 24-h recall method, and the BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 64% in men and 77% in women. In women aged ≥ 50 yrs and men aged < 50 yrs, there was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level after sun exposure adjustment. The BMD of postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 yrs with a vitamin D intake of 5 ㎍/day or more was significantly higher than that of women with intake less than 5 ㎍/day. After adjusting for age, energy, and calcium intake, the vitamin D intake of the osteoporotic group was significantly lower than that of the osteopenia group in women. CONCLUSIONS: Since the relationship between vitamin D intake and BMD was observed in women aged ≥ 50 yrs, further research is needed to clarify these findings using cohort or randomized controlled trials.

Predicting of Uncorrected Astigmatism from Decimal Visual Acuity in Spherical Equivalent

  • Moon, Byeong-Yeon;Kim, Sang-Yoeb;Cho, Hyun Gug
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.219-223
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    • 2013
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the spherical equivalent visual acuity (VA) and uncorrected astigmatism. On 108 emmetropic eyes, the spherical equivalent VA was measured for cross cylindrical lens (CC lens)-induced astigmatic eyes and the VA-astigmatism relation determined. On 158 astigmatic eyes, the spherical equivalent VA and corrected astigmatism were measured and the measured values were compared with the calculated values from the VA-astigmatism relation by correlation coefficient analysis. Subsequent to that, the relationship between spherical equivalent VA and uncorrected astigmatism was made. The relationship was fitted for an exponential equation. Correlation coefficient between calculated values by equation and measured values for astigmatic eyes was 0.991 (p<0.01). The relationship between the spherical equivalent VA and the uncorrected astigmatism was decided as follows (spherical equivalent VA / uncorrected astigmatism): 1.0 / 0.25 D, 0.9 / 0.50 D, 0.8 / 0.75 D, 0.7 / 1.00 D, 0.6 / 1.25 D, 0.5 / 1.50 D, 0.4 / 2.00 D, 0.3 / 2.50 D, 0.2 / 3.00 D, 0.1 / 4.00 D, and 0.05 / 4.75 D. In conclusion, the relationship table devised from this study is a useful reference for predicting uncorrected astigmatism by measurement of decimal VA in spherical equivalent.

군용항공기 연구개발 사업 사례분석 (A Case Study on the R&D Programs of Fighter & Attacker Aircraft)

  • 이성은;권용수
    • 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.7-20
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    • 2009
  • This paper describes a case study on the R&D programs of fighter and attacker aircraft such as F-22A, F/A-18E/F, and T/A-50. F-22A and F/A-18E/F were developed in same age. The performance of each program was, however extremely different. F-22A program results in a lot of cost overrun and schedule delay. On the other hand F/A-18E/F program met the cost, schedule, and performance goals. In the T/A-50 program with a super-sonic advanced trainer, T-50 was also developed successfully on planned cost and time by Korea Air-force and KAI. This paper derives key elements for the success of the military aircraft R&D program through lessons learned from th e case study. Each program is analyzed in terms of its background, planning and management.

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