• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

D10 values obtained for radiation alone in Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium perfrigenes were 0.35-0.48 kGy in vegetative cells, and 2~2.08 kGy in spores, respectively. Irradiation dose of 24 kGy completely inhibited spores. In the case of heat treatment, D50, 60 values ranged from 10 to 14 minutes in vegetative cells, and D70, 80, 90 values ranged from 10 to 140 minutes in spores. In the case of combined treatment with heat and radiation, D10 values ranged form 1 to 1.25 kGy in vegetative cells, and from 3.42 to 3.61 kGy in spores. Thus, resistance of cells to gamma radiation did not seem to be influences by pre-heating.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between 2-dimensional (2D) cephalometric measurement and 3-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurement, and to evaluate the availability of 3D analysis for asymmetry patients. Materials and Methods: A total of Twenty-seven patients were evaluated for facial asymmetry by photograph and cephalometric radiograph, and CBCT. The 14 measurements values were evaluated and those for 2D and 3D were compared. The patients were classified into two groups. Patients in group 1 were evaluated for symmetry in the middle 1/3 of the face and asymmetry in the lower 1/3 of the face, and those in group 2 for asymmetry of both the middle and lower 1/3 of the face. Results: In group 1, significant differences were observed in nine values out of 14 values. Values included three from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (cant and both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). In group 2, comparison between 2D and 3D showed significant difference in 10 factors. Values included four from anteroposterior cephalometric radiograph measurement values (both maxillary height, both body height) and six from lateral cephalometric radiographs (both ramus length, both lateral ramal inclination, and both gonial angles). Conclusion: Information from 2D analysis was inaccurate in several measurements. Therefore, in asymmetry patients, 3D analysis is useful in diagnosis of asymmetry.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1109-1118
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• 2013

Recently, stereoscopic three-dimensional(S3D) movie and video are becoming globally popular. However, there are some people who could not perceive 3D depth information well. Traditional stereopsia test tools could not analyze the subject's perceived depth accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to have a test tool that accurately measures the degree of perceived depth of subjects. In this paper, we suggested a 3D content depth measuring instrument and produced suitable 3D contents for the instrument. We measured subjects' perceived depth of 3D foreground objects in terms of $+1^{\circ}$, $-1^{\circ}$, $-2^{\circ}$ binocular disparity and compared the measured values with the theoretical values. Measured values were slightly bigger than the theoretical values. Deviation between the measured values and theoretical values increased with extrusion distances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.804-809
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• 1996

The bactericidal effectiveness of radiation alone or in combination with heat against 8 strains associated with food hygiene were evaluated. In the case of radiation alone, D$_{10}$ values of micro-organisms were 0.14~0.48 kGy, and inactivation factors were 4.54~21.43 at the doses of 2~3 kGy. Escherichia coli was the most sensitive among the tested strains, resulting in a D$_{10}$ value of 0.14 kGy. D$_{min}$ values of tile strains were 10~40 minutes at $50\pm1^{\circ}C,$ and 5~10 minutes at $60\pm1^{\circ}C.$ Combination with heat and radiation showed D$_{10}$ values of 0.04~0.31. Inactivation factors were 6.45~75 at the doses of 2 to 3 kGy. Therefore, heat treatment prior to irradiation significantly increased mactivation rate by increasing radiation sensitivity of microorganisms.ganisms.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the spherical equivalent visual acuity (VA) and uncorrected astigmatism. On 108 emmetropic eyes, the spherical equivalent VA was measured for cross cylindrical lens (CC lens)-induced astigmatic eyes and the VA-astigmatism relation determined. On 158 astigmatic eyes, the spherical equivalent VA and corrected astigmatism were measured and the measured values were compared with the calculated values from the VA-astigmatism relation by correlation coefficient analysis. Subsequent to that, the relationship between spherical equivalent VA and uncorrected astigmatism was made. The relationship was fitted for an exponential equation. Correlation coefficient between calculated values by equation and measured values for astigmatic eyes was 0.991 (p<0.01). The relationship between the spherical equivalent VA and the uncorrected astigmatism was decided as follows (spherical equivalent VA / uncorrected astigmatism): 1.0 / 0.25 D, 0.9 / 0.50 D, 0.8 / 0.75 D, 0.7 / 1.00 D, 0.6 / 1.25 D, 0.5 / 1.50 D, 0.4 / 2.00 D, 0.3 / 2.50 D, 0.2 / 3.00 D, 0.1 / 4.00 D, and 0.05 / 4.75 D. In conclusion, the relationship table devised from this study is a useful reference for predicting uncorrected astigmatism by measurement of decimal VA in spherical equivalent.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.162-170
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• 1998

Present experiments were undertaken in order to determine the normal hematological and blood chemical values of elks raised in Korea. Blood samples were collected from 22 healthy adult (5~10 years old) male elks raised in Kyung-pook prefecture and examined for 9 hematological and 15 blood chemical parameters using automatic blood cell counter and automatic blood chemical analyzer. The mean hematological values were determined as PCV : 34.23%, RBC count : $6.70{\times}10^{6}/{\mu}l, Hb : 12.15g/61, WBC count : 3.17{\times}10^{3}/{\mu}l$, neutrophil : 54.09%, eosinophil : 12.27%, Iymphocyte : 28.86%, monocyte : 5.23%, and platelet : $39.94$\times$10^{5}/{\mu}l$

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2006

To assess the effects of proton beam on radiation sensitivity of the basidiospore and mycelium of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), the $D_{10}$ values and $L_{50}$ (lethal 50%) values were analysed. By the proton beam radiation, the survival rate and germination rates increased at the dose of $10\;Gy{\sim}100\;Gy$ and then decreased significantly over 500 Gy. $L_{50}$ values of basidiospore and mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus were over 500 Gy and 400 Gy, respectively. $D_{10}$ values were calculated from linear regression formulae ($D_{10}\;=\;-1/slope(b)$, y = a + bx) as 750 Gy and 1,250 Gy, respectively. Based on our experiment, the optimum dose of proton beam as a mutation source would be between from 500 Gy to 750 Gy for basidiospores and from 400 Gy to 1000 Gy for mycelium of oyster mushroom.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2000

In this paper, interference effects between NGSO and HAPS in the feeder link have been simulated and analyzed by means of calculating excess time percent and duration below the ell protection ratio. As the results, in the case of HAPS interference into NGSO, it can be obtained that the lowest C/I values are 20.42dB in 50km and 12.73dB in 20km of HAPS altitudes, respectively. And in the case of NGSO interference into HAPS, it can be obtained that the lowest ell values are 13.94dB and 10.42dB respectively. HAPS system has more interference reception from other systems or effects more interference into other systems as its altitude is lower. Also, the lowest ell values are appeared at difference time with its altitude.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.34-38
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• 2000

In this paper, interference effects between NGSO and HAPS in the feeder link have been simulated and analyzed by means of calculating excess time percent and duration below the C/I protection ratio. As the results, in the case of HAPS interference into NGSO, it can be obtained that the lowest C/I values are 27.42dB in 50km and 12.73dB in 20Km of HAPS altitudes, respectively. And in the case of NGSO interference into HAPS, it can be obtained that the lowest C/I values are 13.94dB and 10.42dB respectively. HAPS system has more interference reception from other systems or effects more interference into other systems as its altitude is lower. Also, the lowest C/I values are appeared at difference time with its altitude.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2019

The protonation parameters, dissociation constants ($pK_{BH^+}$) of conjugate acid, slope values (m, ${\phi}$ and $m^*$) and correlation coefficients (r) of hydroxamic acids were determined by Hammett acidity function method, Bunnett-Olsen method and excess acidity method in hydrochloric and perchloric acid solutions. Effect of acid concentration on partition and percentage protonation was also studied. $pK_{BH^+}$ values show that hydroxamic acids do not behave as Hammett bases, but hydroxamic acids behave as weak bases in strong acidic solutions. The values of $pK_{BH^+}$ obtained through Bunnett-Olsen method and excess acidity method were compared with the Hammett acidity function. ChemAxon's MarvinSketch 6.1.5 software was also used for determining $pK_a$, pI and microspecies distribution (%) of hydroxamic acids with pH. Hydrogen donor and acceptor values and logD were also obtained. The results show that N-p-chlorophenyl-4-bromobenzohydroxamic acid has the highest $pK_a$ and lowest logD values. On the contrary, N-phenyl-3,5-dinitrobenzohydroxamic acid has lowest the $pK_a$ and highest logD values.