• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 1973

With the object of the study id every possible correlation between daily food intake and growth rate of primary school students, aged eleven years old, the author distributed prepared questionnaires through 200 children of 5th grade in both sexes in K private primary school, Seoul. Specific object of this study were included following three points: such as daily food intake records for six days. daily food intake records for six days. school records of sample children at the end of 4th grade. physical growth index calculated by means of weight and height of sample children at the first part of the 5th grade. CR. t. F. test as well as percentage calculations were included for statistical analysis. The result of this study were as follows: 1. For the living circumstances a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled family were two to three. b) Approximately 50%of the children were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and about 35% of children were weaned at the age of 7 to 12 months. c) Thirty to forty percent of the respondents revealed irregulity in their meal time due to early school time in the morning. d) Monthly average expenditure for daily food reached 20 to 29% out of total income. e) The most favorit foods reflect as follows: The most favorit main dish is boiled rice mixed with other careals and side dish beaf. Fruits and juice are more popular snack among whole children. 2. Nutrition survey a) The calcium and thiamine were the most limited factors out of daily nutrients consumption. b) The total calory intake were composed of carbohydrate 63%, protein 16% and fat 21% respectively. c) The total food intake were composed of 20 to 24% of animal source of foods and 76 to 80% of plant source of foods (vegetables, grains, fruits) d) The total protein intake were composed of 46% of animal protein and 54% of others. e) The grain stuffs consumed in the largest quantity at the level of 50% out whole food groups. f) Twenty four percent of total food intake came from snack between meal time. 3. The result of statistical analysis were as follows: a) The correlation between the calory intake and plysical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of p<0.001. b) The correlation between the protein intake and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of p<0.001. c) The correlation between the meal time and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of 0.02

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.74-85
• /
• 2013

Since the underground transportation system is a closed environment, indoor air quality problems may seriously affect many passengers' health. The purpose of this study was to understand $PM_{10}$ characteristics in the underground air environment and further to quantitatively estimate $PM_{10}$ source contributions in a Seoul Metropolitan subway station. The $PM_{10}$ was intensively collected on various filters with $PM_{10}$ aerosol samplers to obtain sufficient samples for its chemical analysis. Sampling was carried out in the M station on the Line-4 from April 21 to 28, July 13 to 21, and October 11 to 19 in the year of 2010 and January 11 to 17 in the year of 2011. The aerosol filter samples were then analyzed for metals, water soluble ions, and carbon components. The 29 chemical species (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, CC, PC, EC, Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti, V, Zn, $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $Na^+$, $NH_4{^+}$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) were analyzed by using ICP-AES, IC, and TOR after proper pretreatments of each sample filter. Based on the chemical information, positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was applied to identify the $PM_{10}$ sources and then six sources such as biomass burning, outdoor, vehicle, soil and road dust, secondary aerosol, ferrous, and brakewear related source were classified. The contributions rate of their sources in tunnel are 4.0%, 5.8%, 1.6%, 17.9%, 13.8% and 56.9% in order.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 1973

The primary purpose of this research paper is to study the nutrition intake status of high school students and their physical growth and development. Further, it made an attempt to find and define nutritional problems and assist in their growth and development through proper nutritional management. One hundred students in both sexes, first year grade in senior high school were provided with questionnaires. For six days the respondents filled out the questionnaires. They were asked to keep record of what they ate each meal. Their nutritional intake were analyzed in accordance with what they ate. Findings, conducted on percentage, CR test, t test, and F test, were as follows: 1. For the living circumstance a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled family were four. b) Seventy to eighty percent of the students were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and approximately 40% of students were weaned at the age of 7 to 18 months. c) Fifty percent of the respondents revealed irregulity in their meal time. d) Monthly average expenditure for daily food reached $20{\sim}40%$ out of total income. e) The most favorite foods reflect as follows: The most favorite main dish is boiled rice and side dish beaf. Fruits. juice, milk, ice cream are more popular snack among whole students. 2. Nutrition survey a) Calory sad nutrients were found to be below the recommended level, especially in calcium, vitamins A, $B_2$ and C. b) The total calory intake were composed of 73% from carbohydrate, 14% from protein and 13% from fat in the case of boys. The girls were 65%, 14%, 21% respectively. c) Both boys and girls in their animal protein intake averaged about 33% out of total protein intake. d) Meat consumption of the majority respondents were proportionate in $10{\sim}20%$ in their total food consumption. 3. The result of statistical analysis were as follows: a) Statistical significant differences in the relationship between the calory intake and physical growth index were observed at the level of p<0.05. b) Statistical significant differences in the relationship between the protein intake and physical growth index were observed at the level of p<0.05. c) Statistical significant differences in the relationship between meal time and physical growth index were observed at the level of 0.02<0.05. d) No statistical significant differences in the relationship among calory, protein intake and school records as well as intelligence were found. The experiment indicated that there is a direct relationship between nutrition and the physical growth and development, whereas There seems to be an indirect relationship between nutrition and intelligence.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.859-863
• /
• 2008

축산폐수, 침출수 등의 고농도 폐수를 생물학적으로 처리할 경우 최종 방류수는 강한 색도를 띠며 고분자량의 유기물질을 다량 함유한다. 이는 생물학적으로 분해하기 어려운 유기성 복합체와 생화학적 반응에 의한 중간생성물로 색도를 띠는 천연유기물질(NOM)을 포함한다. 생물학적 처리수의 색도는 심미적인 불안감, 방류수역의 수질오염 및 공중보건상의 잠재적 위해성을 갖는다. 또한, 수자원 이용측면에서 정수처리공정에서의 약품투입량 증가와 특히, 소독부산물 생성이라는 잠재적 문제점이 뒤따른다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 해소하기 위한 생물학적 2차 처리수의 후속처리가 요구되며, 실제로 난분해성 유기물과 색도를 제거하기 위한 흡착, 막 분리, 고급산화(AOP) 및 화학적 응집 등의 물리-화학적 공정에 대한 연구가 수행되어왔다. 특히, 화학적 응집은 무기응집제 또는 고분자중합체(Polymer)를 이용하여 콜로이드성 입자와 색도를 띠는 난분해성 유기물을 전기적 불안정화를 유도함으로서 흡착 및 응집과정을 통해 제거하는 공정으로 많은 연구자들에 의해 연구되어왔다. 그러나 난분해성 유기물과 색도제거는 대상원수의 성상과 화학적 특성 등에 따라 각각의 제거효율과 최적 운전조건이 상이하게 나타난다. 화학적 응집공정은 비교적 높은 제거효율을 보이지만, 운전 및 유지관리의 기술적 어려움, 경제적 비효율성 등으로 인하여 적용에 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 생물학적 혐기-호기성 공정에서 방류되는 축산폐수의 2차 처리수를 대상으로 화학적 응집에 의한 색도 및 난분해성 유기물의 제거거동을 고찰하였다. 대상 처리수의 $TCOD_{Cr}$ 농도는 평균 410 mg/L인 반면, $BOD_5$는 7-15 mg/L 범위로 난분해성 유기물을 다량 함유하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 황산알루미늄(Aluminium sulfate; $Al_2(SO_4){\cdot}14H_2O$)과 염화철(ferric chloride)의 무기응집제를 이용하여 자 테스트(jar test)를 수행한 결과, 동일한 응집제 주입량에서 염화철의 유기물 제거 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 황산알루미늄과 염화철의 경우 각각의 응집제 주입율 5.85mM에서 89%, 7.03mM에서 97.5%의 최대 유기물 제거효율을 보여주었으며, 이 때 최종 pH는 4.0-5.6 범위이었다. 한편, 대상 원수 내의 콜로이드성 입자 또는 용존성 유기물의 작용기(functional group)는 일반적으로 음으로 하전 되어 있어 응집에 의해 잘 제거되지 않는 특성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 과량의 응집제를 주입하여 다가의 양이온성 금속염을 흡착시켜 전기적으로 중화시키고, 생성된 침전성 수화물 내에 포획 또는 여과시켜 제거하게 된다. 이 때, 금속염 수화종의 전하밀도가 응집효율에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 다가의 양이온은 전기적 이중층(Double layer) 압축에 의한 불안정화를 향상시킬 수 있기 때문에다. 또한, 2가 금속염은 색도유발물질과 흡착하여 humate 또는 fulvate 등의 착화합물(complex)을 형성시켜 응집효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생물학적 2차 처리수의 화학적 응집처리에 있어서 알루미늄염 등의 다가이온 첨가가 응집에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고, 후속되는 플록형성 및 침전공정에 의한 제거효율을 비교, 평가함으로써 2차 처리수로부터 난분해성 유기물과 색도를 보다 효과적이고 경제적으로 제거할 수 있는 최적인자를 도출하고자 하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study investigated the effect on survival rate for organophosphate intoxication patients who received trachostomy. This research was conducted to help identify appropriate treatment of patients who received a trachostomy. Methods: This research was retrospectively conducted using the medical records of 141 patients who arrived at the Chosun University Hospital emergency medical center between Jan 2007 and Dec 2010, suffering from organophosphate intoxication. They were placed in two groups including one which received trachostomy as part of their treatment and one that did not. The effect of each variable on mortality was evaluated by regressionanalysis. Results: Of 141 patients with organophosphate intoxication, 105 of them did not tracheostomy and 16 were dead cohorts (15.2%). Their size of pupil was 1mm. Factors such as amount of organophosphate ingested, PAM time after ingestion, average body temperature, arrival time, atropinization time after ingestion, AST/ALT, Bun/Cr all appeared to be significant factors in death cohorts (P<0.05). 36 patients among the total had tracheostomy and 11 ones of them were in dead cohort (30.6%) and their average age was 58 years. The facts affect the state of patients in dead cohort include the amount of intoxication which between $327.27{\pm}194.1ml$, performing intubation 686 mins after intubation, reaching to the hospital after 580mins, injecting PAM 744 mins after intoxication, injecting atropine 627 mins after intoxication. The largest cases of patient's state was found to be stupor with 14 patients (38.9%) the level of Cholinesterase in blood appeared to be significant in dead cohort as $391.00{\pm}353.9IU/L$ (P<0.05). Conclusion: Further planned studies are necessary on the use of tracheostomy for treatment of poisoning victims, especially those intoxicated by organophosphorus insecticides.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.501-515
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 대덕산·금대봉 생태계보전지역 내 분포하는 관속 식물상을 파악하여 식물분포를 밝히고, 향후 대덕산-금대봉 생태계보전지역의 주요 식물에 대한 효율적인 관리와 보전을 위해 수행하였다. 2017년 4월부터 2019년 10월까지 총 14회에 걸쳐 현지조사를 실시하였다. 대덕산-금대봉 생태계보전지역에 자생하는 관속식물상은 83과 245속 372종 4아종 45변종 8품종으로 총 428분류군이 조사되었다(Appendix 1). 이 중 한국특산식물은 키버들, 참개별꽃, 진범, 갈퀴현호색 등 19분류군이며, 환경부지정 희귀 및 멸종위기 식물은 개병풍, 가시오갈피, 대성쓴풀, 복주머니란으로 총 4분류군이 조사되었고, 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 19과 34속 34종 2변종 총 36분류군이 나타났다. 침입외래식물은 토끼풀, 달맞이꽃, 지느러미엉겅퀴 등 4과 8속 8종 총 8분류군으로 조사되었으며. 도시화지수(UI)는 2.5%, 귀화율(NI)은 1.9%로 나타났다. 본 조사지역의 양치식물은 7과 9속 7종 2변종으로 총 9분류군이 나타났고, 양치식물계수는 0.52로 나타났다. 대한약전 기준 약용자원식물은 16과 24속 24종 2변종 1품종 27분류군이 확인되었다. 민속식물은 772과 175속 216종 28변종 3품종 4아종 251분류군이 확인되었으며, 대덕산·금대봉에서 출현한 428분류군 중 58.6%가 민속식물로 나타났다. 민속식물을 분류 별로 보면 가장 많은 213분류군이 식용식물로 분류되었다. 약용식물은 161분류군이었으며, 향신용식물은 11분류군으로 나타났다. 환경부에서 멸종위기 식물로 지정된 대성쓴풀과 복주머니란 등의 희귀식물은 시급히 보호 및 보전에 필요한 대책을 마련해야 할 것으로 판단되며, 나도범의귀는 북방계식물로 남한 내 자생지가 검룡소 1곳이 보고되고 있어 자생지보호의 필요성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.136-148
• /
• 2004

Objective: Recently scolopendrid aquacupuncture has been a good effect on pain control but it has not been known about clinical safety. So, In order to prove the clinical safety of scolopendrid aquacupuncture, We have observed the physical reac-tion and clinical pathology test after scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment. Methods: We analyzed physical reaction and clinical pathology test before and after Scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment of 30 patients suffering from pain, who admitted department of Acupunture and Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Won-Kwang University Kwangju hospital. Results & Conclusions: The results were summarized as follows. 1) The distribution of sex was 14 males and 16 females, and the average of patients age was 46.2 years. 2) The distribution of symptom was lumbago, lumbago with radiating pain, nuchal pain and knee joint pain. 3) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, hematologic test did not show remarkable change. 4) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, Liver function test(AST, ALT, ALP) showed a slight decrease on the contrary, and abnormal rate showed a decrease of 1.0%(from 3.3% to 2.3%) compared with previous study. 5) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture, Renal function test(BUN, Cr) and abnormal rate(from 2.5% to 2.0%) showed a slight decrease on the contrary. 6) In the 30 patients treated with Scolopendrid aquacupuncture. Electrolyte were normal range before & after treatment. 7) In the results of the Urine analysis of 30 patients, Leukocyte, Protein. Glucose, Keton, Bilirubin, U-bilinogen were not detected before and after Scolopendrid aquacupuncture treatment, and the rest almost made no difference. 8) In the Physical reactions, all of the patients complained of pain of body partially, only one patient showed reddish and itch, but symptoms like those were entirely disappeared within 24 hours and whole body pain, swelling, headache, dizziness, fatigue and nausea was not observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.2131-2135
• /
• 2013

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of distearoylphosphatidylcholine pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DPLD) combined with carboplatin for the treatment of platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) or fallopian tube cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of women who received DPLD with carboplatin for recurrent EOC or fallopian tube cancer in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Thailand from January 2006 to August 2011 was conducted. Patients were identified from the medical records and data on demographic factors, stage, histology, surgical findings, cytoreduction status, and prior chemotherapies were abstracted. The efficacy and toxicity of DPLD/carboplatin were evaluated. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 65 patients, 64 with platinum resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer and 1 with fallopian tube cancer, were enrolled. DPLD and carboplatin were given for an average of 4.46 cycles per patient with a total of 273 cycles. Among the 65 evaluable patients, 0% achieved CR, 7.69% PR, 15.4% SD and 76.% PD. The overall response rate was 23.1%. With a median follow-up of 27.4 months, the median progression-free and median overall survival in the 36 patients was 4.46 months and 8.76 months respectively. In the aspect of side effects, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) occurred in 33.3% (Grade I 22.2%, Grade II 11.1%) and mucositis in 41.7% (Grade I 27.8%, Grade II 13.9%) of all treatment cycles, all Grade 1 or 2. Anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 58.3% (Grade I 41.7%, Grade II 16.7%), 66.7% (Grade I 47.2%, Grade II 19.4%), and 22.2% (Grade I 16.6%, Grade II 5.56%) of cycle respectively, and were mostly Grade 1 or 2. Conclusions: DPLD, the second-generation PLD drug combined with carboplatin every 4 weeks, is effective and has low toxicity for treatment of patients with recurrent platinum-resistant or refractory epithelial ovarian cancer.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 1998

수평 전기로에서 $AgGaS_2$ 다결정을 합성하여 HWE 방법으로 $AgGaS_2$ 단결정 박막을 성장하였다. $AgGaS_2$ 단결정 박막을 성잘할 때 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 $590^{\circ}C$, $440^{\circ}C$로 성장하였을 때 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(double crystal X-ray diffraction rocking curve, DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)값이 124 arcsec로 가장 작아 최적 성장조건이었다. 상온에서 $AgGaS_2$ 단결정 박막의 광흡수 특성으로부터 에너지 띠간격이 2.61cV였다. Band edge에 해당하는 광전도도 peak의 온도 의존성은 Varshni 관계식으로 설명되었으며, Vaeshni 관계식의 상수값은 Eg(0) = 2.7284eV, $\alpha$= 8.695$\times$10-4 eV/K, $\beta$= 332K 로 주어졌다. 광발광 봉우리는 20K에서 414.3nm(2.9926eV)와 414.1nm(2.7249eV)는 free exciton(Ex)의 upper polariton과 lower polariton인 {{{{{E}`_{x} ^{u} }}}}와 {{{{{E}`_{x} ^{L} }}}}, 423.6nm(2.9269eV)는 bound exciton emission에 의한 I로 관측되었다. 또한 455nm(2.7249eV)의 peak는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 관측되었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2002

A line of study reported that electroacupuncture(EA) modulate natural killer cell(NK Cell) activities. One report suggested that EA enhanced splenic interferon-gamma($IFN-{\gamma}$), interleukin-2(IL-2), and NK cell activity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Another study suggested that $IFN-{\gamma}$ mediates the up-regulation of NK cell activity, and endogenous ${\beta}$-endorphin secretion also play a role in the up-regulation of NK cell activity induced by EA stimulation. In order to better understand the molecular regulation underlying the activation of NK cell induced by EA, we have utilized cDNA microarray to elucidate how EA alters program of gene expression of spleen in rats. First, we divided three groups, group I was EA group treated with EA in restriction holder, group II was sham group with only holder stress, and last group III was control group with no treatment. We measured NK cell activity after EA stimulation three times for 2 days using $^{51}Cr$ release assay. Second, Biotin-labeled cDNA probes synthesized from EA group and sham group, were competitively hybridized to the microarray that contained variable genes. Such high-throughput screening has identified a number of EA-responsive gene candidates. Of these, we found that EA induced a subset of genes of genes that functionally could modulatory effects on NK cell activity. Genes(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, protein-tyrosine kinase, CD94 mRNA) related to boost NK cell activity, were increased by EA And, genes(protein-tyrosine-phospatase mRNA, protein-tyrosine phosphatase(SHP-1) mRNA) related to inhibit NK cell activity, were decreased by EA. These EA-responsive genes may provide key insights from which to understand mechanisms of activation of NK cell induced by EA.