• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.425-450
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• 2006

산업부문은 생산 활동을 담당하는 특성 때문에 많은 에너지를 소비하고 많은 $CO_2$를 배출한다. 산업부문 중에서 에너지다소비산업이라고 일컬어지는 산업들은 다른 산업에 비해서 에너지소비가 많고 $CO_2$ 배출을 많이 하므로 관련정책의 목표대상으로서 우선적으로 거론된다. 그러나 해당 산업의 생산액과 $CO_2$ 배출량을 사용하는 환경원단위는 해당 산업만의 환경오염물질 배출의 정도를 측정하기에는 적합하지만, 산업들이 유기적으로 연결되어 서로 생산품을 수요하고 공급하고 있는 점을 고려한다면 환경원단위를 확대시킨, 그리고 산업 전체를 고려하는 지표로 해당 산업의 환경물질의 배출 정도를 평가해야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 환경산업연관표 2000을 작성하고, 에너지다소비산업 외에 전 산업을 대상으로 하여 산출액기준 및 열량기준의 환경원단위와, 이를 보다 확대하고 산업의 유기적 관계까지를 모두 고려하는 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량을 추정하여 우리나라의 경제주체간 및 산업간의 상품생산과 흐름에 수반되는 에너지소비와 환경오염물질의 흐름을 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 산출액기준 및 열량기준의 환경원단위가 상대적으로 높은 산업들의 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량은 크다. 이 산업들은 직접적으로 발생시키는 $CO_2$가 많은 산업들이며, 환경부하가 큰 재화나 서비스를 생산한다. 그러므로 이 산업들을 대상으로 환경원단위 저감을 유도한다면 $CO_2$ 발생량을 감소시킬 수 있다. 그러나 환경원단위가 낮은 산업의 생산 시에 환경원단위가 높은 산업들의 생산품이 투입재로 사용된다면 그 산업의 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량은 커지고 경제 전체의 환경부하를 크게 만든다. 따라서 산출액기준의 환경원단위가 높은 산업들만을 중심으로 하여 환경원단위를 저하시키는 것 외에, 낮은 환경원단위를 갖는 산업들의 환경원단위도 지속적으로 감소시켜 다른 산업에 대한 연관을 통한 유발 $CO_2$ 발생량을 감소시켜야 한다. 이는 모든 산업에 대한 지속적인 환경원단위 저감이 경제 전체를 기준으로 더 큰 $CO_2$ 발생량 저감을 유도하는 것을 의미한다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

이산화탄소는 지구온난화를 일으키는 온실가스의 하나의 주요요인으로 생각되어진다. $CO_2$는 탄화수소를 연료로 사용하는 연소에서 배기가스의 주성분이다. 자동차의 $CO_2$ 배출물에 대한 규제는 최근에 더욱 절박하게 대두되어 왔다. 이러한 심각한 규제는 배기가스를 저감하는 대체연료를 개발할 수 있는 자동차 제품들에게 요구되는 것이다. 본 논문은 가솔린, 디젤, LPG 자동차를 사용하여, FTP-75와 NEDC(ECE15+EUDC) 모두에 따라서 $CO_2$ 배출물과 연료소비율(연비)과의 상관관계를 검토했다. 이 논문을 통해서 탄소중량비가 낮은 연료 일수록 $CO_2$ 발생량의 감소율이 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 사용한 연료에 따라서 $CO_2$ 배출량과 연비와의 관계를 함수로 표현할 수 있었으며, 높은 상관관계를 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. LPG차량은 휘발유와 디젤차량보다 $CO_2$ 배출량이 적게 배출되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

전 세계적으로 많은 국가들이 유엔 기후변화협약 대응을 위한 방안을 마련하고 있다. 만약 우리나라가 기후변화협약 대상국이 된다면 $CO_{2}$를 비롯한 온실가스 배출이 많은 발전분야에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다. 이 논문에서는 $CO_{2}$ 배출량 제약과 교토프로토콜의 유연성 체제 중의 하나인 배출권거래가 시행될 경우 이 들을 급전계획에 반영하는 수리적 모형을 제안하고 급전계획이 어떻게 바뀌는지를 사례연구를 통해 보이고자 한다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

The CO emission characteristics of interacting hydrogen and methane partially premixed flames were numerically investigated. A counterflow geometry was introduced to establish interacting two partially premixed flames. An one-dimensional OPPDIF code was used to simulate the interacting flames. The GRI-v3.0 was used to calculate the chemical reactions. Emission index for CO(EICO) was evaluated to quantify the CO emitted from the interacting flames. The global strain rate and equivalence ratios for each flame(${\Phi}_{CH_4}$ and ${\Phi}_{H_2}$) were used as parameters to control the extent of interaction between two partially premixed flames. When ${\Phi}_{CH_4}$ was kept to stoichiometric condition and ${\Phi}_{H_2}$ was at rich condition, unburned H2 species of hydrogen flame was transported to the methane flame and affected reactions related with CO formation. When ${\Phi}_{CH_4}$ increased from a stoichiometry to rich condition while ${\Phi}_{H_2}$ was kept to stoichiometric condition, EICO increased initially, had a peak value at ${\Phi}_{CH_4}=1.5$ and decreased gradually. This could be elucidated with an analysis for the elementary reactions related with CO formation.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2005

The performance of oxygen combustion with $CO_2$ feeding was investigated in a pyrex tube furnace. The inverse type multi-hole burner was used for improving mixing and wide operating range. It introduced oxygen, fuel, and oxygen, respectively, from center tube to outer tubes. Oxygen combustion characteristics with excess oxygen ratio, oxygen feeding ratio, and $CO_2$ feeding flow rate were studied to optimize the operating condition and to apply the oxygen combustion with recirculation of flue gas to a real furnace. This paper presents results on the effect of $CO_2$ feeding flow rate on the structure of the flames and concentrations of NO and CO emissions. The visible flame length was shortest due to well mixing between fuel and oxygen when the oxygen feeding ratio was 0.25. The NO emission was reduced drastically regardless of excess oxygen ratio when the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate was larger than 15 lpm. The CO emission is varied by changing the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate but the CO emission characteristics is highly affected by excess oxygen ratio. When the excess oxygen ratio is below $\lambda=1.1$, the CO emission increased as the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate increased.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.553-560
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• 2010

The characteristics of syngas-oxyfuel combustion has been investigated experimentally in the present study. Experimental measurements were conducted to aid a fundamental design of a syngas-oxyfuel combustor with a double coaxial burner configuration. To examine the effects of different syngas fuels on combustion characteristics, various fuel types are utilized such as commercial coal gases (Texaco, Shell), COG (cokes oven gas), and $CH_4$ as a main component of natural gas. $CO_2$ was added to the four fuel types as a diluent gas to reduce the flame temperature. The flame images and emission characteristics of NOx and CO were examined for various equivalence ratio and $CO_2$ dilution ratio. The results show that CO emission was rapidly increased as equivalence ratio approached the stoichiometry condition by reducing the amount of oxygen. As the $CO_2$ dilution increased, CO emission increased while NOx emission decreased due to reduced flame temperature. When the syngas-oxyfuel combustor is operated with 20~40% of $CO_2$ dilution ratio, the CO and NOx emission levels were kept below 50 ppm and 25 ppm, respectively, with a high concentration of $CO_2$ over 95 vol.% in exhaust gases.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제32회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

An Experimental study was conducted on $CO_2$ recycle combustion heating system using pure oxygen instead of conventional air as an oxidant, which is thereby producing a flue gas of mostly $CO_2$ and water vapor($H_2O$) and resulting in higher $CO_2$ concentration. The advantages of the system are not only the ability to control high temperatures characteristic of oxygen combustion with recycling $CO_2$. but also the possibility to reduce NOx emission in the flue gas. A small scale industrial reheating furnace simulator and specially designed variable flame burner were used to characterize the $CO_2$ recycle oxy-fuel combustion, such as the variations of furnace pressure, temperature and composition in the flue gas during recycle. It was found that $CO_2$ concentration in the flue gas was about 80% without $CO_2$ recycle, but increased to $90{\sim}95%$ with $CO_2$ recycle. The furnace temperature and pressure was decreased due to recycle and the NOx emission was also reduced to maintain under 100ppm.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a $CO_2$ emission factor for refuse plastic fuel (RPF) combustion facilities, and calculate the $CO_2$ emissions from these facilities. The $CO_2$ reduction from using these facilities was analyzed by comparing $CO_2$ emission to facilities using fossil fuels. The average $CO_2$ emission factor from RPF combustion facilities was 59.7 Mg $CO_2$/TJ. In addition, fossil fuel and RPF use were compared using net calorific value (NCV). Domestic RPF consumption in 2011 was 240,000 Mg/yr, which was compared to fossil fuels using NCV. B-C oil use, which has the same NCV, was equal to RPF use. In contrast, bituminous and anthracite were estimated at 369,231 Mg/yr and 355,556 Mg/yr, respectively. In addition, the reduction in $CO_2$ emissions due to the alternative fuel was analyzed. $CO_2$ emissions were reduced by more than 350 Mg $CO_2$/yr compared to bituminous and anthracite. We confirmed that using RPF, an alternative fuel, can reduce $CO_2$ emissions.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.162-169
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• 2005

The performance of oxygen combustion with $CO_2$ feeding was investigated in a pyrex tube furnace. The inverse type multi-hole burner was used for improving mixing and wide operating range. It introduced oxygen, fuel, and oxygen, respectively, from center tube to outer tubes. Oxygen combustion characteristics with excess oxygen ratio, oxygen feeding ratio, and $CO_2$ feeding flow rate were studied to optimize the operating condition and to apply the oxygen combustion with recirculation of flue gas to a real furnace. This paper presents results on the effect of $CO_2$ feeding flow rate on the structure of the flames and concentrations of NO and CO emissions. The visible flame length was shortest due to well mixing between fuel and oxygen when the oxygen feeding ratio was 0.25. The NO emission was reduced drastically regardless of excess oxygen ratio when the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate was larger than 15 lpm. The CO emission is varied by changing the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate but the CO emission characteristics is highly affected by excess oxygen ratio. When the excess oxygen ratio is below ${\lamda}=1.1$, the CO emission increased as the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate increased.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.204-205
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• 2018

This paper investigates CO₂ emission and cost analysis of blended concrete which was added with fly ash and slag. Three kinds of blended concrete were studied in this investigation, the first blended concrete was added fly ash replacing part of the cement while the second was added slag, the third was added fly ash and slag. Analysis result display that the blended concrete containing fly ash and slag is the optimal choice while considering economic and CO₂ emissions.