• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7793-7797
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive role of risk of malignancy index in discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses preoperatively. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with a total of 569 patients with adnexal masses/ovarian cysts managed surgically at our clinic between January 2006 and January 2012. Obtained data from patient files were age, gravidity, parity, menopause status, ultrasound findings and CA125 levels. For all patients ultrasound scans were performed. For the assessment of risk of malignancy index (RMI) Jacobs' model was used. Histopathologic results of all patients were recorded postoperatively. Malignancy status of the surgically removed adnexal mass was the gold standard. Results: Of the total masses, 245 (43.1%) were malignant, 316 (55.5%) were benign and 8 (1.4%) were borderline. The mean age of benign cases was lower than malign cases ($35.2{\pm}10.9$ versus $50.8{\pm}13.4$, p<0.001). Four hundred and five of them (71.2%) were in premenopausal period. Malignant tumors were more frequent in postmenopausal women (81% versus 29%, p<0.001). All ultrasound parameters of RMI were statistically significantly favorable for malignant masses. In our study ROC curve analysis for RMI provided maximum Youden index at level of 163.85. When we based on cutoff level for RMI as 163.85 sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV was calculated 74.7%, 96.2%, 94% and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusions: RMI was found to be a significant marker in preoperative evaluation and management of patients with an adnexal mass, and was useful for referring patients to tertiary care centers. Although utilization of RMI provides increased diagnostic accuracy in preoperative evaluation of patient with an adnexal mass, new diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed to discriminate ovarian cancer from benign masses.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1982

방사선(放射線)의 선질(線質) 및 고선량(高線量)의 변화(變化)에 따른 테프론 열형광선량계(熱螢光線量計)의 열형광감응특성(熱螢光感應特性)을 연구(硏究)하였다. 상이(相異)한 방사선(放射線)의 선질(線質)에 대한 TLD감도(感度)의 변화(變化)는 $^{60}Co$ 감마선(線), 유효(有效)에너지가 44keV, 69keV, 108keV인 X선(線) 및 0.044eV의 열중성자(熱中性子)에 조사(照射)시킴으로서, 광자(光子)에너지 의존성(依存性) 뿐만 아니라 이에 따른 초선형특성(超線形特性)의 변화(變化)도 조사하였다. 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. $^{60}Co$감마선(線)에 대해서 흡수선량함수(吸收線量函數)로서의 $T-CaSO_4$:Dy 의 TL감응(感應)은 5Gy 까지는 선형적(線形的)이고, 5Gy 이상에 대해서 이 감응(感應)은 초선형적(超線形的)이었다. T-LiF-7 선량계(線量計)의 초선형특성(超線形特性)이 $T-CaSO_4$:Dy에 비해 현저(顯著)하였으며, 방사선(放射線)의 LET가 낮으면 낮을수록 초선형효과(超線形效果)가 더욱더 커짐을 알 수 있었다. $^{60}Co$ 감마선(線) 10Gy 에 등가(等價)하는 열중성자(熱中性子) 조사(照射)로 부터는 초선형특성(超線形特性)이 관찰(觀察)되지 아니하였다. TLD, T-LiF-7 및 $T-CaSO_4$:Dy 의 $^{60}Co$ 감마선(線)의 선량(線量)에 따른 상대감도(相對感度)(Rs)는 최소자승법(最小自乘法)으로 다음과 같은 실험식(實驗式). 즉(卽), $$R_{LiF}=1.021-0.04581\;logD+0.402(logD)^2-0.405(logD)^3,\;\;5{\times}10^3{\geq}D{\geq}1(Gy)$$ 및 $$R_{CaSO_4}=0.976-0.3241\;logD+0.262(logD)^2-0.298(logD)^3,\;5{\times}10^3{\geq}D{\geq}1(Gy)$$으로 각각(各各) 근사(近似)시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2016

본 연구는 도심 내에서 공원 및 가로수 주변에 식재된 대표적인 세 가지 상록 관목류인 사철나무(Euonymus japonica), 영산홍(Rhododendron indicum), 회양목(Buxus koreana) 등을 중심으로 겨울철 염화칼슘($CaCl_2$) 처리에 따른 생육 및 생리적 반응을 살펴봄으로써, 내염성 정도와 제설제 피해지역에 대한 내성수종을 선별하기 위한 자료로 제시하고자 한다. 염화칼슘을 각각 0%(대조구), 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% 처리한 실험구에 2014년 11월에 정식한 후 이듬해 이른 봄인 2015년 3월에 수고, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽형지수, 엽수, 생체중, 건조중, 건물률, R/T율, 엽록소함량, 엽록소형광반응, 광합성률, 기공전도도, 증산율 등의 생육 및 생리적 특성을 조사하였다. 사철나무는 3.0% 이하, 영산홍과 회양목은 1.0% 이하의 처리구에서 생존이 가능하였으며, 사철나무가 영산홍과 회양목에 비해 생육적 감소율이 비교적 낮았다. 염화칼슘 처리농도가 높을수록 대조구에 비해 생리적 반응들이 감소되는 것은 동일하나, 영산홍과 회양목은 감소세가 비교적 뚜렷한 반면, 사철나무가 완만한 감소세를 보이고 있다. 특히, 처리농도가 높아짐에 따라 영산홍은 증산율을, 회양목은 광합성율과 기공전도도를 억제시키는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 사철나무가 영산홍과 회양목에 비해 염해에 좀 덜 민감한 수종임을 알 수 있어 제설제 피해지역에 상록 관목류로 적용이 가능할 것으로 본다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1324-1328
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• 2003

The simultaneous determination of anions ($SO_4 ^{2-},\;Cl^-,\;and\;NO_3^-$) and cations ($Na^+,\;NH^{4+},\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;and\;Ca^{2+}$) in natural water obtained by Nakdong River waters system in Korea were performed by ion-exclusion/cationexchange chromatography with conductimetric detection. The stationary phase was a polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange resin column in the $H^+$-form and a weak-acid eluent. When using only a 1.4 mM sulfosalicylic acid/6 mM 18-crown-6 ether as an eluent, good resolution of both anions and cations, minimum time required for the separation, and satisfactory detection sensitivity were obtained in a reasonable time. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of anions and cations in natural waters.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1995

The effect of ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor(${\alpha}_1$-AR) stimulation on intracellular pH($pH_i$), $Na^+$ activity($a_{Na}{^i}$) and contractility were investigated in isolated papillary muscles of euthyroid or hyperthyroid guinea pig with conventional microelectrode, $Na^+$ or $H^+$-selective microelectrodes, and tension transducer. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1$-AR by phenylephrine produced a decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ in euthyroid preparations. This decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ was abolished in presence of PKC activator, phorbol dibutyrate, and increased contrary to decrease. Phenylephrine also increased $a_{Na}{^i}$ in hyperthyroid ones. However, phenylrephtine produced an increase in $pH_i$ in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid ones. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of ${\alpha}_1$-AR. These findings suggest that the changes in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ are mediated by a stimulation of $Na^+-H^+$ exchange via ${\alpha}_1$-AR stimulation. This study focused on the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$, $pH_i$ and contractility. The increase in $pH_i$ was blocked by amiloride or EIPA, $Na^+-H^+$ exchange inhibitors. Therefore, the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ mediated by ${\alpha}_1$-AR appeared to be due to an influx of $Na^+$ and a reduction of $H^+$ through $Na^+-H^+$ exchange. This study also revealed that the increase in $pH_i$ and $a_{Na}{^i}$ might be related to the sustained positive inotropic response. The $a_{Na}{^i}$ increase may contribute to the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange, and the $pH_i$ increase could cause an increase in the $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of myofilaments and may augment the ${\alpha}_1$-AR-mediated positive inotropic response.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1983

Contractile responses of myocardium and vascular smooth muscle to angiotensin II were studied in isolated rabbit papillary muscles and aortic helical strips, with respect to the sensitivity and the mechanism of action. All experiments were performed in $HCO-_3\;-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with $3%\;CO_2-97%\;O_2$ and kept pH 7.35 at $35^{\circ}C$. Action potentials were measured by conventional microelectrode technique in the papillary muscles. Helical strips of vascular smooth muscle were prepared from the descending thoracic aorta of the rabbit. Angiotensin II elicited a positive inotropic effect in doses from $10^{-8}$ to $10^{-6}\;M$, and this effect was dose-dependent and characterized by a symmetrical increase of maximum dP/dt during contraction and relaxation phase. Slow responses (or slow action potentials) were induced by A. II $(10^{-6}\;M)$ in the papillary muscle hypopolarized by 27 mM $K^+$. These A. II-induced slow action potentials were eliminated by verapamil (2 mg/l), but not affected by propranolol $(10^{-5}\;M)$. In aortic helical strips, contractile force was increased dose-dependently in the range of $10^{-10}{\sim}10^{-7}\;M$ A. II. $ED_{50}$ in aorta was $3{\times}10^{-9}\;M$ A. II, whereas that in paillary muscle was $2.5{\times}10^{-7}\;M$ A. II. A. II contracted vascular smooth muscle in depolarizing concentration of $K^+$ (100 mM $K^+$), and also produced a sustained contraction even in the presence of verapamil and regitine. The results of this experiment suggest that the primarily important physiological role of A. II is the action on the blood vessel, and the positive inotropic effect of A. II in papillary muscle results from the increase of slow inward $Ca^{++}$ current, and that A. II-induced contraction of aorta is independent of transmembrane potential and associated with promoting bet transmembrane $Ca^{++}\;-influx$ and the mobilization of cellular $Ca^{++}$.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.286-298
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• 1995

본 연구는 산림토양(山林土壤)의 산성화(酸性化)가 토양내 치환성 양이온($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$) 및 중금속(Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd) 분포(分布)에 미치는 영향을 평가하고, 이러한 토양내 화학적 특성과 임목의 세근과 엽내 양료 및 중금속 분포와의 관계(關係)를 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 울산(蔚山)과 온산공단(溫山工團) 주변의 6개 조사구와 개발제한지역내(開發制限地域內) 2개 조사구를 대상으로 토양 pH의 장기적(長期的) 변화(變化)와 토양(土壤), 세근(細根) 및 엽(葉)내 양료(養料)와 중금속(重金屬) 함량(含量)을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 울산지역 산림의 토양 pH(A층)는 1987년에 활엽수림(闊葉樹林)과 침엽수림(針葉樹林)에서 각각 4.45와 4.78이었던 것이 1994년에는 각각 3.73과 3.86으로 감소하여 토양산성화(土壤酸性化)의 정도가 심화되었다. 1994 년 현재 개발제한지역내 침엽수림인 동천이 4.57로 가장 높은 반면 온산공단에 인접한 당월의 활엽수림이 3.19로 가장 낮았다. 2. 공단지역(工團地域)에 비해 토양 pH가 높았던 개발제한지역 산림의 토양내 치환성(置換性) $Ca^{2+}$함량은 공단지역보다 활엽수림에서 3.5배, 침엽수림에서 11배나 높았고, 치환성(置換性) $Mg^{2+}$ 함량 또한 각각 4.5배와 5배나 높았다. 그러나 공단지역에서 높을 것으로 예상되었던 치환성(置換性) $Al^{3+}$함량은 오히려 개발제한지역에서 높게 나타났다. 3. 세근내(細根內) Ca과 Mg 함량은 개발제한지역이 공단지역보다 활엽수(물오리나무, 상수리나무)의 경우 각각 3.6배와 1.7배 높았고 침엽수(리기다소나무, 곰솔)에서는 각각 4.6배와 1.5배 높았다. 엽(葉)에 있어서도 개발제한지역 산림의 활엽수가 공단지역보다 각각 1.1배와 2.2배 높았고, 침엽수는 각각 1.8배와 2.3배나 높았다. 그리고 세근과 엽내 Al 함량 역시 토양에서와 같은 경향을 보였다. 4. 토양산성화도(土壤酸性化度)와 임목(林木)에 대한 Al 독성(毒性)을 평가하기 위한 토양과 세근내 Ca/Al 몰비가 동천을 제외한 오든 조사구의 토양과 세근에서 1 이하로써 토양산성화에 민감할 뿐만 아니라 양료흡수(養料吸收) 및 근계발달(根系發達)의 피해(被害)가 예상되었다. 침엽수림(針藥樹林)의 경우 토양 pH와 토양 및 세근내 Ca/Al 몰비간에 서로 고도(高度)의 상관(相關)을 보였다. 5. 토양, 세근 및 엽내 Cu, Zn, Pb 함량은 활 침엽수림 모두에서 공단지역(工團地域)이 개발제한지역(開發制限地域)보다 전체적으로 높았지만, 토양중 Mn과 Cd 함량은 반대로 개발제한지역이 더 높았다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2012

Glycolysis is responsible for the conversion of glucose into pyruvate and for supplying reducing power and several metabolites. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (AtFBA1), a central enzyme in the glycolysis pathway, was isolated by functional complementation of the salt-sensitive phenotype of a calcineurin (CaN)-deficient yeast mutant. Under high salinity conditions, aldolase activity and the concentration of NADH were compromised. However, expression of AtFBA1 maintained aldolase activity and the NADH level in yeast cells. AtFBA1 shares a high degree of sequence identity with known class I type aldolases, and its expression was negatively regulated by stress conditions including NaCl. The fusion protein GFP-AtFBA1 was localized in the cytosol of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The seed germination and root elongation of AtFBA1 knock-out plants exhibited sensitivity to ABA and salt stress. These results indicate that AtFBA1 expression and aldolase activity is important for stress tolerance in yeast and plants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 1999

고려인삼의 적변내성 계통을 선발하기 위하여 포장에서 적변내성 계통 선발, 선발계통의 적변관련 물질함량분석, 묘삼에서 적변선발 지표성분 가능성을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 한국인삼연초연구원에서 보유하고 있는 고려인삼 61계통을 포장에 공시하여 자경종 보다 적변지수가 낮은 적변내성 10계통과 자경종과 적변지수가 비슷한 적변 감수성 10계통을 선발하였다. 선발한 계통중 적변내성 계통과 적변감수성 계통간의 성분 분석결과, phenolic compound 함량이 중심주에서는 차이가 없었으나, 피층, 표피 및 지세근에서는 적변지수가 낮은 계통군이 높은계통군 보다 현저히 낮았다. 적변내성 계통과 적변감수성 계통간의 부위별 무기성분 함량은 중심주에서는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 피층에서는 K, Ca, Na가, 표피 에서는 Mg, Fe, Na, Mn, Ah, Si가, 지세근 에서는 Fe 함량이 적변지수가 낮은 적변내성 계통이 적변지수가 높은 적변감수성 계통 보다 낮았다. 6년근 동일 뿌리내에서 건전과 적변 피층조직에서 건전한 피층조직이 적변된 피층조직보다 phenolic compound 함량은 낮았으나 무기성분 함량은 차이가 없었다. 묘삼시기에 건전한 묘삼을 분석시 적변지수가 낮은 적변내성 계통은 적변 지수가 높은 감수성 계통에 비하여 phenolic compound, K 및 Na의 함량이 낮아서, 인삼의 적변계통 조기선발 지표성분으로 phenolic compound, K및 Na의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2016

PURPOSES : Concrete pavement has been used in the construction of the Jungbu expressway in 1987. More than 60% of the pavement on the expressway is currently made of concrete, but most has been used far beyond their design life. Pavement life has been extended through routine maintenance or overlay. However, the structural capacity of the pavement has reached its limit, and extensive rehabilitation/reconstruction with long time traffic blocking should be considered. The three following issues on concrete rehabilitation/reconstruction will be discussed: (1) economic comparison of asphalt inlay and asphalt overlay, (2) economic comparison preventive overlay on a section which is currently good and routine overlay on the section which will be poor, and (3) economic analysis of early-strength concrete when it is used in concrete reconstruction. METHODS : First, various life cycle cost analysis tools were compared, and the proper tool for the extensive rehabilitation/reconstruction was selected. Second, a sensitivity analysis of the selected tool was performed to find the influential input variables, which should be carefully selected in the analysis. Third, three case studies, which can be issues in the rehabilitation/reconstruction of the expressway concrete pavement in Korea, were performed. RESULTS : Asphalt overlay without milling the deteriorated concrete showed 18~25% lower life cycle cost than the current asphalt inlay with milling. The good current preventive overlay on the section was economically justified within the scope of this study. The construction cost limit of the early strength concrete was suggested to be economical for 1, 3, and 7 days of construction alternative opening. CONCLUSIONS : CA4PRS was a viable tool for comparing various rehabilitation/reconstruction issue alternatives. Several concrete issues associated with the rehabilitation/reconstruction of the deteriorated concrete pavement were discussed as mentioned above.