• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2002

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of undersoil heating on growth and quality of turfgrasses including Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.‘Nuglade’), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.‘Accent’), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.‘Pixie’), and Korean lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in simulated athletic field during winter season in Korea. Mineral contents in clippings of turfgrasses grown at different soil mixtures and temperatures were also analyzed. Undersoil heating (approximately 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$) was effective in protecting turfgrasses except Korean lawngrass from freezing injury and discoloration of shoots due to extremely cold temperatures during midwinter. Among turfgrasses grown at undersoil heating zone, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass showed the highest clipping weights and chlorophyll contents, respectively. However, anthocyanin contents of shoots were higher in Kentucky bluegrass. There was little or no difference in clipping weights, chlorophyll contents, anthocyanin contents and greenness of shoots between turfgrasses grown at two soil mixtures composed of 80% sand＋10% peat moss＋10% soil (v/v/v) and 80% sand＋20% pea moss (v/v). Contents of mineral K, Ca and Mg in clippings of cool-season turfgrasses were comparatively higher in a soil mixture composed of 80% sand＋10% peat moss＋10% soil, but little difference in contents of N and P was observed between two soil treatments. Results indicated that undersoil heating can improve quality of turf surface by thawing soil, melting snow, and maintaining shoot growth and greenness of turfgrasses in sports field during winter season.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The present study investigated the anti-obese and blood flow improvement activities of aqueous extracts of ginseng berry (GBe) on the mild diabetic obese mice as compared with metformin. Methods : After end of 56 days of continuous oral administrations of GBe 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg, or metformin 250 mg/kg, anti-obese and blood flow improvement effects - the changes of body weights, body and abdominal fat density by in live dual-energy x-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA), tail bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, aorta and serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 levels, aorta phosphorylated PI3K (pPI3K), phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) levels were systemically analyzed. In addition, aorta vascular dilation and constriction related gene mRNA expressions - PI3K, Akt, eNOS, p38 MAPK and ET-1 were also analyzed by realtime RT-PCR. Results : The obesity and related blood flow impairment, induced by 84 days of continuous HFD supply, were significantly inhibited by 56 days of continuous oral treatment of GBe 150, 100 and 50mg/kg, dose-dependently, and they also dramatically normalized the changes of the aorta vascular dilation and constriction related gene mRNA expressions, also dose-dependently. Especially, GBe 150 mg/kg constantly showed favorable inhibitory activities against type II diabetes related obesity and vascular disorders through PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK mediated cGMP, NO and ET-1 expression modulatory activities, as comparable to those of metformin 250 mg/kg in HFD mice. Conclusion : By assessing the key parameters for anti-obese and blood flow improvement activities on the HFD-induced mild diabetic obese mice, the present work demonstrated that GBe 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg showed favorable anti-obese and blood flow improvement effects in HFD-induced type II diabetic mice, through PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK mediated cGMP, NO and ET-1 expression modulatory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.400-410
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding the broilers that are exposed to extreme heat stress by control of inverse lighting times with night restricted feeding of extreme heat diet(EHD1, 2: extreme heat diet) containing different amount of soy oil, molasses, amino acids and vitamin C on short chain fatty acid and blood lipid profile. 300 broiler chickens(Abaica strain) were randomized into four dietary treatment groups according to a randomized block design on the day they were hatched. The four dietary treatment groups were: T1(EHD 1, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T2(EHD 2, 10:00~19:00 Dark, 19:00~10:00 Light), T3(EHD 1, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light), T4(EHD 2, 09:00~18:00 Dark, 18:00~09:00 Light). The body weight gain of the broilers was highest in T2, and high in order T1, T4, T3(p<0.05). Weights of the lymphoid organ, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were high in T1, T2 as compared to T3, T4 but spleen was lower in T4 than T1, T2, T3(p<0.05). Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose were higher in T1, T2 than T3, T4(p<0.05). LDL-C was high in orderT4, T3, T2, T1 but HDL-C showed the opposite trend(p<0.05). Blood concentrations of IgG, IgG and IgM were higher in T1, T2 than inT3, T4, but the corticosterone concentration decreased significantly in them. In T1 and T2, Lactobacillus in the feces increased, but total aerobic bacteria, E.coli, coliform bacteria was decreased rather significantly, compared with those in T3 and T4(p<0.05). Concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA in cecum were high in order T2, T1, T3, T4, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid were lower in T1, T2 than in T3, T4 (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.987-997
• /
• 2016

The objective of the study was to compare the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood parameters of slow and fast grown female broiler chickens fed in organic or conventional production system. The two genotypes tested were medium slow-growing chickens (SG, Hubbard Red JA) and commercial fast-growing chickens (FG, Ross 308). Both genotypes (each represented by 400 chickens) were divided into two sub-groups fed either organic (O) or conventional (C) systems. Chickens of each genotype and system were raised in a semi environmentally controlled poultry house until 21 d of age and were assigned to 5 pens of 40 chickens each. Then, O system chickens were transferred into an open-side poultry house with an outdoor run. At 81 d of age, 10 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 40) were randomly chosen to provide material for analysis, and were weighed and brought to the slaughterhouse to assess carcass characteristics and meat quality. The blood parameters were determined by using 5 female chickens from each genotype and from each production system (n = 20). FG had the higher live weight, along with carcass, breast, and thigh-drumstick weights compared to SG (p<0.05). FG had the higher breast yield, whereas SG had the higher thigh-drumstick yield (p<0.05). The O system resulted in a higher amount of abdominal fat (p<0.05). In addition, the O system values were higher for dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in breast meat, and for crude ash, crude protein, and $pH^{15}$ values in drumstick meat (p<0.05). In addition, total saturated fatty acids, total mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and total omega 3 were significantly higher in the O system than in the C system. Thus, the O system showed a positive advantage compared to the C system regarding female chicken meat quality, primarily within the ash, protein, and total omega 3 fatty acid profiles. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the main factor affecting the carcass characteristics of female chickens was genotype, whereas the organic system contributed to enhanced meat quality. These findings provide a better understanding of the relative roles of genotype and production systems in female broiler characteristics, and might aid producers in designing their facilities to optimize yield and quality while maintaining acceptable animal welfare standards.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.621-632
• /
• 2008

Genetic polymorphisms was investigated at five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) sites in four porcine genes(ADCYAP1R1, FABP3, MC4R, and MYL2) and analyzed their statistical association with growth traits in F2 reciprocal-crossbred population between Landrace and Jeju native black pig(JNP). All populations, JNP, Landrace and their F2 were polymorphic for all five SNP loci tested, however, the homozygote T/T of FABP3 g.-158T>C and the homozygote G/G of ADCYAP1R1 intron 2 337A>G were not found in JNP and Landrace, respectively. The genotypes of ADCYAP1R1 were significantly associated with body weights(BW) at 3 weeks and at 20 weeks(P<0.05), respectivley, those of FABP3 g.-135delT were associated with late average daily gain(LADG) (P<0.01), and those of FABP3 g.-158T>G were associated with body weights during late growth period such as, BW20 and LADG(P<0.01). Those of MC4R were also significantly associated with BW10 suggesting by the difference of early average daily gain(EADG) (P<0.05), and with LADG(P<0.01). The body length of F2 animals was affected by the genotypes of ADCYAP1R1, MC4R, and MYL2(P<0.05), respectively. Among these, MC4R A/A homozygotes showed over 3 cm longer in body length than those of other genotypes. As the useful basic information, these results suggested that SNP markers showing statistical association with growth traits and the results help to select the sires of JNP for improving the productivity in JNP-related crossbreeding system in pig industry and also to construct the molecular breeding system for breed improvement of JNP itself.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.530-539
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to degradation of four commercial composite resins in an alkaline solution. The brands studied were Charisma, Filtek P 60, Palpique Estelite, and Spectrum. Preweighed discs of each brand were exposed to 0.1N NaOH solution at $60^{\circ}C$. After 2 weeks they were removed, neutralized with HCl, washed with water and dried. Resistance to degradation was evaluated on the basis of following parameters: (a) mass loss(%) - determined from pre-and post-exposed specimen weights; (b) Si loss(ppm) - obtained from ICP-AE analysis of solution exposed to specimens; and (c) degradation depth(${\mu}m$) - measured SEM and CLSM from polished circular sections of exposed specimens. The results were as follows: 1. The sequence of mass loss was in descending order by Palpique Estelite, Filtek P 60, Charisma, and Spectrum. 2. The sequence of the degree of degradation layer depth was in descending order by Filtek P 60, Charisma, Palpique Estelita, and Spectrum. 3. The sequence of the Si loss was in descending order by Chrisma, Spectrum, Palpique Estelite, and Filtek P 60. 4. The correlation coefficient between mass loss and degradation layer depth was relatively high(r=0.704, p<0.05). 5. When observed with SEM, destruction of bonding was observed between resin matrix and filler. 6. When observed with CLSM, degradation layer depth of composite resin surface was observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1315-1319
• /
• 2003

A study was conducted to investigate the development of the digestive organs (rumen, reticulum, abomasums, small intestine, large intestine and rectum) and other internal organs (liver, spleen, lungs and heart) of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers fed diets of compound feed and rice straw by the age from 6 to 30 months old. In the experiment, Two hundreds of Hanwoo steers were allocated in one of two compound feed feeding treatments. The treatment groups were 1) feeding level 1 group fed 1.2 to 1.5% compound feed per kg body weight (BW) in the growing period, 1.7 to 1.8% compound feed per kg BW in the early fattening period, and compound feed ad libitum in the late fattening period and 2) feeding level 2 group fed compound feed ad libitum through the whole period. In every two months, eight steers in each group were slaughtered and the length and weight of the organs of the animals were measured. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was higher (p<0.05) in the group 2 at the age of 14 months. The abomasum weight of group 2 was higher than that of group 1 at the ages of 12 (p<0.01) and 20 months (p<0.05). The weights of the liver, lung and heart of steers in the group 2 were higher (p<0.05) than those in group 1 before 18 months old. At the ages of 8 (p<0.1), 10 (p<0.001), 12 (p<0.01), 16 (p<0.01) and 24 months (p<0.05), the abomasum of steers in the group 1 was longer than that in the group 2. The length of liver in both groups was sharply increased from 6 to 8 months old and then the increase was steady, while the length in the group 2 at the age of 12 months was significantly longer (p<0.01) than that in the group 1. The results indicate that the most organs examined showed the higher development in the feeding level 2 than in the feeding level 1 until the age before 18 months when the steers in the feeding level group 1 were given the compound feed ad libitum.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.302-314
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intake, indices of anemia, serum lipids, and their correlations in 40 Korean female college students aged 21 to 25 years. Fasting blood samples were collected in October. 1997 Nutrient intake was investigated by 24-hour recall method for three days. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, iron status and serum lipids of the subjects were determined. The mean values for age. height, weight, BMI and blood pressure of the subjects were 22.1 years, 160.6cm, 54.4kg and 109.1/66.9mmHg, respectively. According to the body composition analysis, total body water, % body fat, lean body mass and WHR were 26.7L. 29.5%, 36.5kg and 0.8, respectively. Average daily intake of energy was 1,858.4kcal. Protein, phosphorus, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, niacin and vitamin C intakes were higher than the Korean recommended dietary allowence(RDA), whereas calcium, iron, vitamin A intakes were tower than that. Hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), serum iron(SI) and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) were measured and transferrin saturation (TS%) was calculated from serum. The mean values for Hb, Hct, SI, TIBC and TS were 13.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, 41.6%,97.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗, 319.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ and 31.9%, respectively. The Prevalence rates of iron deficiency assessed by Hb and Hct were found to be 10% and 2.5%, respectively. However, when assessed with TIBC, the prevalence rate of iron deficiency was increased to 32.5%. The mean values for serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), HDL-Chol, LDL-Chol concentrations and atherogenic index(AI) were 154.7mg/㎗, 80.0mg/㎗, 47.4mg/㎗, 91.3mg/㎗ and 2.6, respectively. Correlations among indices of anemia. there were positive correlations between Hb and Hct, between SI and TS : negative correlations between TIBC and TS or SI. Correlations among serum lipids, there were positive correlations between TC and TG or LDL-cholesterol. Energy intakes were correlated positively with TIBC(p＜0.05), and vitamin C intakes negatively correlated with Hb(P＜0.05). And vitamin A intakes were negatively correlated with TG(p＜0.01). TC(p＜0.05) and LDL-Chol(p＜0.01). Hb negatively correlated with TG(P＜0.05). Body weights(p＜0.05), lean body mass(p＜0.05) and total body water(p＜0.01) werenegatively correlated with Hb. BMI and WHR correlated with TG and TC(p＜0.01). These results indicated that subjects with higher energy intake and overweight had a tendency to have iron deficiency. Increases in BMI and WHR were related to increases in serum lipids levels and decreases in TIBC. The results also showed that serum lipids were decreased when vitamin A and iron intakes were sufficient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.372-378
• /
• 2007

The Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and probably the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies being used in the treatment of abdominal pain hepatitis chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. Recently the biological and pharmacological actions of herb have been studied well such as antibacterial, antidiabetic and antitumor activities. This experiment was conducted to investigate antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Artemisia capillarix extracts against Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180 cancer cells on in vivo experimental tests. On in vivo experimental tests using 280 ICR mice the gain of body weight in the control-group mice bearing Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor was 1.5 times more than that of the normal-group mice after 33 days. However, the gain of body weight in all experimental groups administered with Artemisia capillaris extracts was significantly lower than that of the control-group mice (P<0.05). The mean survival times of mice administered with Artemisia capillaris extracts of 25 and 100 mg/kg for 28 days were shown to be 25.39% and 15.39% longer than that of the control-group mice injected with saline (P<0.05). Artemisia capillaris extracts showed the highest tumor inhibition effects, which were 42.4% and 27.2% when intraperitoneally injected with doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 28 days in inoculated ICR mice with Sarcoma 180 solid tumor cells (P<0.05). The results suggest that Artemisia capillaris methanol extracts have prominent antitumor effects on the cancer cell lines Hepa-1c1c7 and Sarcoma 180.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.313-317
• /
• 2006

To prepare oligouronic acids from high-molecular-weight alginates, sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) alginates were hydrolyzed at various pHs for 1 hr at 80$^{\circ}C$. The effects of hydrolysis pH (HpH) on the average molecular weight (AMW) and MW distribution ratios (DRs) in the hydrolyzed alginates were investigated. As HpH decreased, the DRs of the alginates with MW>500 kDa and MW=300-500 kDa decreased exponentially, while it increased exponentially for MW<50 kDa. For MW=100-300 kDa, DR increased exponentially as HpH fell from 5.0 to 3.5, and then decreased exponentially. Similarly, for MW=50-100 kDa, DR increased exponentially as HpH increased to 1.0 from 5.0, and then decreased exponentially. As HpH decreased, the MW cutoff size and AMW of alginates fraction with the highest DR were decreased. For HpH 4.5 and 5.0, the MW cutoff size with the highest DRs was MW=300-500 kDa; the DRs were 28.9 and 32.6%, respectively; and the AMW of both was about 400 kDa, for HpH 3.5 and 4.0, the cutoff size was MW=100-300 kDa; the DRs were about 28%: and the AMWs were both about 200 kDa. For HpH 3.0, the cutoff size was MW=50-100; the DR was 29.0%; and the AMW was 73 kDa. For HpH values below 2.0, the MW cutoff size with the highest DRs was MW<50 kDa, and all of the AMWs were below 28 kDa.