• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1497-1501
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• 2006

The therapeutic anti-diabetic effect of Nelumbo Folium and a poly herbal formula (NOC) was evaluated in the streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/kg, I.p.) induced diabetic rats. For this study, test articles were orally administrated once a day from 7 d after STZ-injection for 3 weeks. The fasting blood glucose, body weight, pancreas weight changes, oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin Alc (Hb A1c) level changes and the histopathological changes were observed. WNL-treated rat had lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to control group and NOC-treated rat had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels, compared to control group (p < 0.05). After 21 days of extract treatment, body weight in control was reduced (p < 0.001). WNL and NOC groups were also reduced compared to control group but insignificantly. Pancreas weight of control group was reduced (p < 0.001), but the weight of NOC group were increased (P< 0.05). During the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), WNL group were improved compared to control group (P < 0.05). NOC group were improved compared to control group but insignificantly. WNL and NOC groups had lower Hb Alc level compared to control group. In addition, atrophy of islet and decrease of insulin-producing cells were detected in STZ induced diabetes rats. However, these diabetic changes were decreased in WNL and NOC groups. These results suggest that N. Folium and NOC have favorable effects to inhibit the changes on the fasting blood glucose levels, pancreas weight, glucose tolerance, hemoglobin Alc and the histopathological changes of pancreas in STZ-induced diabetes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1636-1648
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• 2006

There are detailed descriptions of the clinical experiences and prescriptions of asthma in traditional Korean medicine. Zedoariae rhizoma is one of the Korean herbal medicines used to treat bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis for centuries. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of this medication are still far from clear, In this study, a house-dust-mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [Der p])-sensitized murine model of asthma was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of Zedoariae rhizoma on the allergen-induced airway inflammation in asthma. Three different protocols were designed to evaluate the treatment and/or long-term prophylacitic effect of Zedoariae rhizoma in Der p-sensitized mice. Cellular infiltration and T-cell subsets in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)of allergen-challenged mice were analyzed. Intrapulmonary lymphocytes were also isolated to evaluate their response to allergen stimulation. When Zedoariae rhizoma was administered to the sensitized mice before AC (groups A and C), it suppressed airway inflammation by decreasing the number of total cells and eosinophil infiltration in the BALF, and downregulated the allergen- or mitogen-induced intrapulmonary lymphocyte response of sensitized mice as compared to those of controls. This immunomodulatory effect of Zedoariae rhizoma may be exerted through the regulation of T-cell subsets by elevation or activation of the CD8+ and double-negative T-cell population in the lung. However, the administration of Zedoariae rhizoma to sensitized mice 24 h after AC (group B) did not have the same inhibitory effect on the airway inflammation as Zedoariae rhizoma given before AC. Thus, the administration of Zedoariae rhizoma before AC has the immunomodulatory effect of reducing bronchial inflammation in the allergen-sensitized mice. On the other hand, to determine the potentiality of prophylactic and/or therapeutic approaches using a traditional herbal medicine, Zedoariae rhizoma, for the control of allergic disease, we examined the effects of oral administration of Zedoariae rhizoma on a murine model of asthma allergic responses. When oral administration of Zedoariae rhizoma was begun at the induction phase immediately after OVA sensitization, eosinophilia and Th2-type cytokine production in the airway were reduced in OVA-sensitized mice following OVA inhalation. These results suggest that the oral administration of Zedoariae rhizoma dichotomously modulates allergic inflammation in murine model for asthma, thus offering a different approach for the treatment of allergic disorders.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.801-813
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• 2014

본 연구는 반추위 메탄저감용 약용식물 첨가제 개발을 위해 유산균을 이용하여 발효한 두충 및 감초 추출물의 항균활성, 항산화활성 및 in vitro 반추위 발효시험을 실시하였다. 발효 약용식물 추출물 제조를 위해 접종된 종균의 성장효율을 조사하기 위해 실시한 생균수 측정 결과 L. curvatus NJ40, L. brevis NJ42 및 L. plantarum NJ45가 두충과 감초 모두에서 유의적으로 높은 균주 성장을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 항균활성측정 결과는 두충과 감초 추출물에서 공통적으로 L. curvatus NJ40 및 L. plantarum NJ45 로 발효한 추출물이 일부 병원균에 대한 항균효과를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. In vitro 반추위 발효시험에서 두충 및 감초발효 추출물을 적용한 결과, 감초 추출물에서 메탄 저감효과가 나타났다. 특히 반추위내 미생물 발효 특성을 대표할 수 있는 휘발성지방산 생성효율을 향상 시키면서, 전반적 반추위 발효에 부정적 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 LNG 저장탱크의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 연구의 일환으로서, 실제 탱크의 건설에서와 같은 조건으로 SMAW(Shielded Metal Arc Welding) 방식으로 용접된 $9\%$ Ni강의 X-개선 후판용접부내의 파괴인성의 변화를 평가하고 미세조직을 분석하였다. 이때 파괴인성의 평가는 본 연구자들이 제안한 '개선한 CTOD(crack tip opening displacement) 시험법'으로 행하였으며 열영향부내의 미세조직 및 파면은 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경 및 X-선 회절 분석기로 관찰하였다. 결과로부터 열영향부 내의 CTOD 값은, 평가위치가 용융선(Fusion Line-F.L.)으로 접근할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 잔류 오스테나이트의 양이 줄어들고 결정립 미세화 효과가 없어지는 영역인 결정립 조대화영역이 열영향 부내에서 차지하는 분율이 증가함에 따른 것이다. 한편, 잔류 오스테나이트의 열적 안정성이 상대적으로 감소하게 되는 F.L.${\~}$F.L.+3mm에서 온도감소에 따른 인성감소의 정도가 F.L.+5mm${\~}$F.L.+7mm보다 상대적으로 매우 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

지심도는 한려해상국립공원내 거제 해금강지구에 속하며 경남 거제시 일운면 옥림리에 위치하고 있다. 본 조사는 지심도 탐방로를 따라 식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 26개 조사구(단위면적$100m^2$)를 설치하여 조사를 실시하였다. 대부분의 지역에서 동백나무가 우점하고 있었으며 일부지역에서 곰솔과 머귀나무가 우점하고 있었다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 조록나무와 광나무; 왕작살나무와 사스레피나무; 육박나무와 생달나무; 육박나무과 센달나무 등의 종간에는 높은 정의 상관이, 육박나무과 곰솔; 머귀나무와 구실잣밤나무 등의 수종들 간에는 정의상관이 인정되었고, 수종들 간에는 부의 상관이 나타나지 않았다. 조사지의 종 다양도는 0.519~1.022로 국립공원 내 다른 지역에 비해 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 지심도의 탄약고 주변에 환경부에서 지정한 희귀 및 멸종위기야생식물 II 급인 애기등이 10개체가 출현하였는데, 이들에 대한 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 훼손대책을 강구할 필요가 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.116-126
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• 1993

대형구조계의 진동해석에 효율적인 방법으로 알려진 부분구조 진동형 합성방법을 방법론적 관점에서 분류하면 부분구조계간의 연결부 경계조건을 어떻게 가정하는가에 따라 구속모드방법, 불구속 모드방법 및 혼합방법으로 대별할 수 있다. 이 방법들 중에서 불구속 모드방법이 보다 효율적이고 또 특정 부분구조의 실험결과 이용이 용이한 장점이 있으나 정확도가 떨어진다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 대형 구조계의 진동해석에 효율적이면서 정확도 높은 결과를 얻을 수 있는 불구속 모드방법을 정식화하였다. 불구속 모드방법의 정확도 향상 방안으로서 모드합성시 배제된 고차진동형의 영향을 잉여강성과 더불어 잉여관성 효과도 고려하여 보상하였고, 또 주파수이동기법을 도입하므로써 주관심 주파수 부근에서 더욱 정확도가 높은 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 함과 동시에 부분구조계가 semi-definite system일 경우 특이매트릭스를 처리해야 하는 문제점도 해결하였다. 상기방법의 정확도 및 계산효율성은 선체 2차원 단순화 모델을 포함한 일련의 유한요소모델에 대해 검증되었다. 상기방법에 의한 계산결과는 정확도에 있어서 진동형 합성에 이용된 부분구조계의 최고차 진동수 이하에서는 전체계를 직접 유한요소해석한 경우와 대등하고, 구속모드방법보다 효율적이면서 정확도가 더 높은 결과를 얻을 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.727-733
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• 2011

A new Korean standard for the determination of Cr(VI) in soils has been officially published as ES 07408.1 in 2009. This analytical method is based on the hot alkaline digestion and colorimetric detection prescribed by U.S. EPA method 3060A and 7196A. The hot alkaline digestion accomplished using 0.28 M $Na_2CO_3$ and 0.5 M NaOH solution (pH 13.4) at $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ determines total Cr(VI) in soils extracting all forms of Cr(VI), including water-soluble, adsorbed, precipitated, and mineral-bound chromates. This aggressive alkaline digestion, however, proved to be problematic for certain soils which contain large amounts of soluble humic substances or active manganese oxides. Cr(III) could be oxidized to Cr(VI) by manganese oxides during the strong alkaline extraction, resulting in overestimation (positive error) of Cr(VI). In contrast, Cr(VI) reduction by dissolved humic matter or Fe(II) could occur during the neutralization and acidic colorimetric detection procedure, resulting in underestimation (negative error) of Cr(VI). Futhermore, dissolved humic matter hampered the colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) using UV/Vis spectrophotometer due to the strong coloration of the filtrate, resulting in overestimation (positive error) of Cr(VI). Without understanding the mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) transformation during the analysis it could be difficult to operate the experiment in laboratory and to evaluate the Cr(VI) results. For this reason, in this paper we described the theoretical principles and limitations of Cr(VI) analysis and provided useful guidelines for laboratory work and Cr(VI) data analysis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.43-60
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• 2019

Background: Tropical montane forests played an important role in the provision of ecosystem services. The intense degradation and deforestation for the need of agricultural land expansion result in a significant decline of forest cover. However, the expansion of agricultural land did not completely destruct natural forests. There remain forests inaccessible for agricultural and grazing purpose. Studies on these forests remained scant, motivating to investigate biomass and soil carbon stocks. Data of biomass and soils were collected in 80 quadrats ($400m^2$) systematically in 5 forests. Biomass and disturbance gradients were determined using allometric equation and disturbance index, respectively. The regression modeling is employed to explore the spatial distribution of carbon stock along disturbance and environmental gradients. Correlation analysis is also employed to identify the relation between site factors and carbon stocks. Results: The result revealed that a total of 1655 individuals with a diameter of ${\geq}5cm$, representing 38 species, were measured in 5 forests. The mean aboveground biomass carbon stocks (AGB CS) and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at 5 forests were $191.6{\pm}19.7$ and $149.32{\pm}6.8Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The AGB CS exhibited significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks, reflecting that biomass seems to be a general predictor of SOCs. AGB CS between highly and least-disturbed forests was significantly different (P < 0.05). This disturbance level equates to a decrease in AGB CS of 36.8% in the highly disturbed compared with the least-disturbed forest. In all forests, dominant species sequestrated more than 58% of carbon. The AGB CS in response to elevation and disturbance index and SOC stocks in response to soil pH attained unimodal pattern. The stand structures, such as canopy cover and basal area, had significant positive relation with AGB CS. Conclusions: Study results confirmed that carbon stocks of studied forests were comparable to carbon stocks of protected forests. The biotic, edaphic, topographic, and disturbance factors played a significant variation in carbon stocks of forests. Further study should be conducted to quantify carbon stocks of herbaceous, litter, and soil microbes to account the role of the whole forest ecosystem.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2019

Background: Camellia sinensis L.(CS) is a perennial evergreen species of plant whose leaves are used to produce tea. In this plant species, the parts used are the leaves, sub-branch parts are thrown out. Methods and Results: Ethanol extract of sub-branch parts was used for isolation of major compounds by column chromatography. Structures were identified as caffeine (1), (-)-epicatechin (2) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (3) by interpretation of spectroscopic analysis, including $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to compare the quantitative level of marker compounds in various extraction solvents of sub-branch parts of CS. The content of caffeine, (-)-epicatechin, and (-)-epicatechin gallate in 30% ethanol extract showed higher value with $3.28{\pm}0.57mg/g$, $5.53{\pm}0.88mg/g$, and $1.29{\pm}0.24mg/g$, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicated that not only leaves parts but also sub-branch, could be a good source for the functional material and pharmaceutical industry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2019

Several studies investigating the prevention and treatment of external parasites in farmed olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus have found that the anticoccidial agent toltrazuril sulfone is an effective antiparasitic. Prior to undertaking a full-scale study, we developed analytical methods to detect the levels of toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone in farmed flounder samples using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This analysis showed that LC-MS/MS changed the mobile phase and collision energy of toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone. This was validated using established conditions. Sample pre-treatment for this process involved extraction with dichloromethane and purification by liquid-liquid extraction in formic acid, acetonitrile, and h-hexane, followed by determination of all compounds by LC-MS/MS. Separation was achieved within 10 min by gradient elution using a Capcell Pak C18 ($3.0{\mu}m$, $100{\times}2.0mm$) analytical column (Shiseido UG 120V) with a mixture of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and acetonitrile. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for selective detection of toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone. This method yields satisfactory results for linearity, precision, and limits of quantification. Therefore, the method established in our study will serve as a basis for further research on parasite control by toltrazuril and toltrazuril sulfone.