• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate photosynthetic responses of 4 foliage plants in relation to light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and media, and to select efficient plants for the indoor environment control based on the results. Four foliage plants used in this study included Syngonium podophyllum, Schefflera arboricola cv. Hong Kong, Dieffenbachia amoena, and Dracaena deremensis cv. Warneckii Compacta. The plants cultivated in two different growth media, peatmoss and hydroball, and subjected to various light intensities (0, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400, and $600\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD) and $CO_2$ levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 700, 1000, and $1500\;{\mu}mol{CO_2}{\cdot}mol^{-1}$). As a result of the photosynthetic rate of foliage plants according to change of light intensity and $CO_2$ levels, Schefflera arboricola and Dieffenbachia amoena showed high apparent quantum yield, which stands for the photosynthetic rate under low light intensity, and both plants also recorded higher photosynthetic rate under high $CO_2$ concentration compared to the other two indoor plants. Dracaena deremensis showed the lowest photosynthetic rate under the low light intensity or high $CO_2$ concentration. There were inconsistent results in photosynthetic rate of foliage plants grown in peatmoss or hydroball. Higher photosynthetic rate was observed in Schefflera arboricola with peatmoss rather than hydroball as light and $CO_2$ concentration increased. However, hydroball had a positive effect on Dieffenbachia amoena in terms of photosynthetic rate. In case of Syngonium podophyllum, peatmoss induced higher photosynthetic rate according to increased light intensity, but there was no effect of media on the rate under various $CO_2$ treatements. In contrast, media did not affect to photosynthetic efficiency of Dracaena deremensis subjected to various light intensities and the rate of Dracaena deremensis with peatmoss was a little high when $CO_2$ concentration increased. In conclusion, potential plants for the indoor air pulification and environmental control were Schefflera arboricola and Dieffenbachia amoena because they showed high photosynthetic rate under typical indoor conditions, low light intensity and high $CO_2$ concentration.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-62
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• 1993

This study was aimed to obtain the available information for the clothing constru- ction according to the traits of the cerebral palsied. For this purpose, their abilities of eleven methods seven of fastening performance and seven finger functions were tested and their correlationships were clarified. The results are as follows : 1. The length of time needed to perform each fastening method in descending order is as follows : small button > small snap > culumn button > large button > middle button > large snap > separating zipper > velcro. As the spastic has better function than the athetoid in the performance of all fastening methods, there was a significant difference between the types of handicap and between the handi- capped and the normal, except for velcro fastening style in which there was no significant differ- ence between the types of handicap. 2. In finger functions of the cerebral palsied, according to the types of handicap there was no significant difference among grip, palm fixation and hands coordination, howefer there were significant differences among pulp pinching, lateral pinching, finger rolling and lifting control. As to the correlation between the ability of fastening performance and finger function, there was a high significant correlation between the length of time needed to perform each fastenting and finger function of hands co ordination, and that of finger rolling; and there was a significant correlation between the length of time and pulp pinching, and laternal pinching.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1947-1953
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• 2006

There have been a number of studies of methods for recycling animal wastewater to provide new bioresources. In the present work, a marine algal culture medium, designated KEP II, was prepared by adding swine waste (3% v/v) fermented by soil bacteria to a dilution of f/2 culture medium (CT). When Phaeodactylum tricornutum was grown in batch culture in KEP II, the cells lasted long at the exponential phase producing the specific growth rate and biomass; the production of total amino acids and secondary metabolites rose up to 5-fold. It also substantially enhanced the maximum quantum yield of photo system (PS) II of P. tricornutum, greatly increased the level of thylakoid membranes containing PS, and stimulated the production of pyrenoids, including enzymes for $CO_2$ fixation in chloroplasts. KEP II should improve the cost efficiency of industrial mass batch cultures and the value of microalgae for long-term preservation of fresh aquaculture feed as well as production of anticancer and antioxidant agents. Specifically, a low-cost medium for growing the diatoms of aquaculture feed will be economically advantageous.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

Recently, systems biology has been increasingly applied to gain insights into the complexity of living organisms. Many inaccessible biological information and hidden evidences fur example flux distribution of the metabolites are simply revealed by investigation of artificial cell behaviors. Most bio-models are models of single cell organisms that cannot handle the multi-cellular organisms like plants. Herein, a structured and multi-cellular model of potato was developed to comprehend the root starch biosynthesis. On the basis of simplest plant cell biology, a potato structured model on the platform of Berkley Madonna was divided into three parts: photosynthetic (leaf), non-photosynthetic (tuber) and transportation (phloem) cells. The model of starch biosynthesis begins with the fixation of CO$_2$ from atmosphere to the Calvin cycle. Passing through a series of reactions, triose phosphate from Calvin cycle is converted to sucrose which is transported to sink cells and is eventually formed the amylose and amylopectin (starch constituents). After validating the model with data from a number of literatures, the results show that the structured model is a good representative of the studied system. The result of triose phosphate (DHAP and GAP) elevation due to lessening the aldolase activity is an illustration of the validation. Furthermore, the representative model was used to gain more understanding of starch production process such as the effect of CO$_2$ uptake on qualitative and quantitative aspects of starch biosynthesis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

This study analyzes the Mechanical properties of a medical bone plate by 3D printing. With the recent development of 3D printing technology, it is being applied in various fields. In particular, in the medical field, the use of 3D printing technology, which was limited to the existing orthosis and surgical simulation, has recently been used to replacement bones lost due to orthopedic implants using metal 3D printing. The field of application is increasing, such as replacement. However, due to the manufacturing characteristics of 3D printing, micro pores are generated inside the metal printing output, and it is necessary to reduce the pores and the loss of mechanical properties through post-processing such as heat treatment. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the change in mechanical performance characteristics of medical metal plates manufactured by metal 3D printing under various conditions and to find efficient metal printing results. The specimen to be used in the experiment is a metal plate for trauma fixation applied to the human phalanx, and it was manufactured using the 'DMP Flex 100(3D Systems, USA), a metal 3D printer of DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) method. It was manufactured using the PBF(Powder Bed Fusion) method using Ti6Al4V ELI powder material.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1169-1179
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• 2020

In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminumsensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2. Among the three sampling compartments of the same soybean genotype, WRH had the lowest community richness and diversity while showing the highest coverage. Beta diversity analysis results displayed no significant difference for any compartment between the two genotypes, or among the three different sampling compartments for any same soybean genotype. However, the relative abundance of major bacterial taxa, specifically nitrogen-fixing and/or aluminum-tolerant bacteria, was significantly different in the compartments of the BRH and/or SRH at phylum and genus levels, indicating genotype-dependent variations in rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strikingly, as compared with BRH and SRH, the WRH within the same genotype (BX10 or BD2) always had an enrichment effect on rhizosphere bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of fertilizer-N and co-inoculation of the Rhizobium japonicum and the Azospirillum lipoferum on nodulation, $N_2$-fixation, and growth of soybean under in situ conditions. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The yield of soybean dry matter was significantly greater in the R. japonicum alone, and the mixed inoculation of R. japonicum and A. lipoferum than those of un-inoculation. But inoculum applied by different strains did not significant effect on plant growth. The effects of nitrogen applied on soybean dry matter were higher in the ammonium sulfate than potassium nitrate, and decreased with increasing rates of two forms of nitrogen applied regardless of nitrogen source. 2. Acetylene redution activity was more increased in a single inoculation of R. japonicum than those of the mixed inoculation of the R. japonicum and the A. lipoferum, in cases of Danyeup cultivar, regardless of the form of combined nitrogen used. 3. Nodule mass and total nitrogenase activity per plant showed the positively significant effect in the interrelationship between dry matter of soybean and some factors related to nitrogen fixation efficiency. 4. The highest symbiotic effect in Danyeup cultivar was obtained when a single R. japonicum 84 Dy-1 strain was inoculated and fertilized with 18 mM potassium nitrate.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical resistance of four different osteosyntheses modeled in two different sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) designs and to determine the linear loading in a universal testing machine. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experiment was conducted with 40 polyurethane hemimandibles. The samples were divided into two groups based on osteotomy design; Group I, right angles between osteotomies and Group II, no right angles between osteotomies. In each group, the hemimandibles were distributed into four subgroups according to the osteosynthesis method, using one 4-hole 2.0 mm conventional or locking plate, with or without one bicortical screw with a length of 12.0 mm (hybrid technique). Each subgroup contained five samples and was subjected to a linear loading test in a universal testing machine. Results: The peak load and peak displacement were compared for statistical significance using PASW Statistics 18.0 (IBM Co., USA). In general, there was no difference between the peak load and peak displacement related to osteotomy design. However, when the subgroups were compared, the osteotomy without right angles offered higher mechanical resistance when one conventional or locking 2.0 mm plate was used. One locking plate with one bicortical screw showed higher mechanical resistance ($162.72{\pm}42.55N$), and these results were statistically significantly compared to one conventional plate with monocortical screws (P=0.016) and one locking plate with monocortical screws (P=0.012). The difference in peak displacement was not statistically significant based on osteotomy design or internal fixation system configuration. Conclusion: The placement of one bicortical screw in the distal region promoted better stabilization of SSRO. The osteotomy design did not influence the mechanical behavior of SSRO when the hybrid technique was applied.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.603-613
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• 2019

This study was carried out to examine the antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi of isolated strains from soil samples collected from Busan, Changwon, and Jeju Island: Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. According to results of our studies, isolated strains showed an antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi. Such an antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi is seen due to the production of siderophores, antibiotic substances, and extracellular amylase, cellulase, protease, and xylanase enzyme activities. Extracellular enzymes produced by isolated strains were significant, given that they inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi by causing bacteriolysis of the cell wall of plant pathogenic fungi. This is essential to break down the cell wall of plant pathogenic fungi and thus help plant growth by converting macromolecules, which cannot be used by the plant for growth, into small molecules. In addition, they are putative candidates as biological agents to promote plant growth and inhibit growth of phytopathogenic fungi through nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid production, siderophore production, and extracellular enzyme activity. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of using Bacillus subtilis ANGa5, Bacillus aerius ANGa25, and Bacillus methylotrophicus ANGa27 as new biological agents, and it is considered that further studies are necessary to prove their effect as novel biological agents by standardization of formulation and optimization of selected effective microorganisms, determination of their preservation period, and crop cultivation tests.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

This study aims to verify for humans the suitability of the enzyme-fixed hydrogel used for the patch sensor of the blood sugar testing system without blood sampling, which utilizes reverse iontophoresis. Using acrylate monomers, hydrogel was synthesized to which a certain unit of enzyme is fixed. In order to analyze the material property of the synthesized hydrogel, a structural analysis was performed using FT-IR spectroscopy, while the DSC was used to verify the thermal stability. In addition, with the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, it was verified that the degree of active enzyme is at least 50% greater than the standard product. The SEM was used to verify secure fixation of the enzyme onto the surface. As a result, it was observed that the enzyme is successfully fixed to the surface. Since the hydrogel makes direct contact with a patient's skin, it is essential to evaluate the toxicity when making direct contact with the skin. For that purpose, various sets of tests were undertaken according to the ISO 10993-cytotoxicity, intracutaneous reactivity, skin irritation test and maximization sensitization. Consequently, it was successfully verified that the enzyme-fixed hydrogel have bioavailability.