• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2007

본 연구는 착색단고추의 겨울철 시설재배시 탄산가스 시비의 이용효율을 높이기 위한 시비 농도 및 시간을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 탄산가스의 공급 설정농도 수준은 400ppm과 700ppm이였으며, 시비 시간은 09:00-12:00(3h)과 09:00-15:00(6h)로 농도와 시간을 조합한 4 수준과 무처리구를 합하여 5 처리를 하였고, 정식 후 55일간 처리하였다. 그 결과 전반적으로 탄산가스 농도가 높고, 시비시간이 길어질수록 전반적인 생육이 증가하였다. 그러나 겨울철에는 광도가 제한 요소로 작용하기 때문에 탄산가스의 높은 농도보다는 시비 시간이 길어질수록 생육이 더 증가하였다. 그러므로 광이 적은 겨울철에는 높은 농도의 이산화탄소를 짧은 시간 시비하는 것보다 낮은 농도로 긴 시간 시비하는 것이 효율적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.593-606
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• 2021

The Korea Meteorological Administration/National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (KMA/NIMS) has monitored atmospheric CO₂ at Anmyeondo (AMY) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) regional station since 1999, and expanded its observations at Jeju Gosan Suwolbong station (JGS) in the South and at Ulleungdo-Dokdo stations in the East (ULD and DOK) since 2012. Due to a recent WMO CO₂ scale update and a new filter (NIMS) to select baseline levels at each station, the 22 years of CO₂ data are recalculated. After correction for the new CO₂ scale, we confirmed that those corrected records are reasonable within the compatibility goal (±0.1 ppm of CO₂) between KMA/NIMS and National Oceanic and Atmosphereic Administration (NOAA) flask-air measurements with the new scale. With the new NIMS filter, CO₂ baseline levels are now more representative of the large-scale background compared to previous values, which contained large CO₂ enhancements. Atmospheric CO₂ observed in South Korea is 4 to 8 ppm greater than the global average while the amplitude of seasonal variation is similar (10~13 ppm) to the amplitude averaged over a comparable latitude zone (30°N-60°N). Variations in CO₂ growth rate are also similar, increasing and decreasing similar to global values, as it reflects the net balance between terrestrial respiration and photosynthesis. In 2020, atmospheric CO₂ continued increasing despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though fossil emission was reduced (around -7% globally), we still emitted large amounts of anthropogenic CO₂. Overall, since CO₂ has large natural variations and its source was derived from not only fossil fuel but also biomass burning, the small fossil emission reduction could not affect the atmospheric level directly.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

대향류 메탄/공기 확산화염에서 복사모델이 소화한계에 미치는 영향이 수치적으로 검토되었으며, 수치결과의 검증을 위하여 기초실험이 병행되었다. 소화약제로는 $N_2$와 $CO_2$가 고려되었으며, 다른 정확도를 갖는 복사모델 OTM과 SNB에 따른 소화농도의 차이가 검토되었다. 주요 결과로서, $N_2$가 첨가된 경우, 복사모델의 정확도에 따라 소화농도의 큰 차이가 발생되지 않는다. 그러나 강한 복사효과를 갖는 $CO_2$가 낮은 신장율의 화염에 첨가되었을 때, SNB와 같은 예측 정확도가 높은 복사모델이 고려되어야 한다. 특히 연료에 첨가된 $CO_2$의 경우 복사모델 SNB와 OTM에 의한 소화농도는 차이를 갖게 된다. 따라서 소화농도 예측을 위해서는 수치해의 정확도와 계산시간을 고려한 합리적인 복사모델의 선택이 필수적이라 할 수 있다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1999년도 PROCEEDINGS OF 99 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE KACG AND 6TH KOREA·JAPAN EMG SYMPOSIUM (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM), HANYANG UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, 06월 09일 JUNE 1999
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• pp.351-360
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• 1999

A large NaX type zeolite crystal of a uniform particle size of 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ are grown with various H2O content by hydrothermal reaction and added seed crystal (2~3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) to reactant solution as a function of different adding seed levels from 3 to 15 %. The result that increased purity of NaX zeolite above 95% and homogeneity of crystal size by increasing adding seed levels, also decreased crystallization time. It was explained that adding seed to synthesis solution leaded out increase of surface area of physical contact reaction and directed growth of seed crystal, so more rapid consumption of reaction gel as increase seeding levels.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 1999

A large NaX type zeolite crystal of a uniform particle size of 20$\mu\textrm{m}$ are grown with various {{{{{H}_{2}O}}}} content by hydrothermal reaction and added seed crystal (2~3$\mu\textrm{m}$) to reactant solution as a function of different adding seed levels from 3 to 15%. The result that increased purity of NaX zeolite above 95% and homogeneity of crystal size by increasing adding seed levels, also decreased crystallization time. It was explained that adding seed to synthesis solution leaded out increase of surface area for physical contact reaction and directed growth of seed crystal, so more rapid consumption of reaction gel as increase seeding levels.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2003

In this work Zn$_4$GeSe$_{6}$ :CO$^{2+}$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transport reaction method in which the iodine was used as the transporting agent. The Zn$_4$GeSe$_{6}$ :CO$^{2+}$ single crystal was found to have a monoclinic structure. The optical absorption spectra of grown crystals were investigated using a temperature-controlled UV-VIS -NIR spectrophotometer. The temperature dependence of band-edge absorption was in a good agreement with the Varshni equation. The observed impurity absorption peaks could be explained as arising from the electron transition between energy levels of Co$^{2+}$ ion sited at the T$_{d}$ symmetry point.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2023

Purpose: The Sinovac and AstraZeneca vaccines are the primary coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in Indonesia. Antibody levels in vaccine-injected individuals will decline substantially over time, but data supporting the duration of such responses are limited. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively evaluate antibody responses resulting from the completion of Sinovac and AstraZeneca administration in Indonesian adults. Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into two groups based on their vaccine type. Both groups were then assessed on the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain (anti-SRBD) concentrations. The anti-SRBD level was measured using Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay and analyzed every month until 3 months after the second vaccination. Results: The results presented significant differences (p=0.000) in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers among the vaccines' measurement duration, where all samples observed a decrease in IgG titers over time. The mean titer levels of anti-SRBD IgG in the group given Sinovac were high in the first month after vaccination and decreased by 55.7% in 3 months. AstraZeneca showed lesser immune response with a slower decline rate. Adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) showed that systemic reactions are the most reported in both vaccines, with a higher percentage in the second dose of AstraZeneca type vaccines. Conclusion: Sinovac induced more significant titers of anti-SRBD IgG 1 month after the second dose but generated fewer AEFIs. In contrast, AstraZeneca generated more AEFIs, in mild to moderate severity, but provided lower levels of anti-SRBD IgG.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.844-855
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• 2017

Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate and enhance soil fertility. However, the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of PSB could be affected by exogenous soluble phosphate and the mechanism has not been fully understood. In the present study, the growth and mineral phosphate-solubilizing characteristics of PSB strain Burkholderia multivorans WS-FJ9 were investigated at six levels of exogenous soluble phosphate (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mM). The WS-FJ9 strain showed better growth at high levels of soluble phosphate. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of WS-FJ9 was reduced as the soluble phosphate concentration increased, as well as the production of pyruvic acid. Transcriptome profiling of WS-FJ9 at three levels of exogenous soluble phosphate (0, 5, and 20 mM) identified 446 differentially expressed genes, among which 44 genes were continuously up-regulated when soluble phosphate concentration was increased and 81 genes were continuously down-regulated. Some genes related to cell growth were continuously up-regulated, which would account for the better growth of WS-FJ9 at high levels of soluble phosphate. Genes involved in glucose metabolism, including glycerate kinase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and sugar ABC-type transporter, were continuously down-regulated, which indicates that metabolic channeling of glucose towards the phosphorylative pathway was negatively regulated by soluble phosphate. These findings represent an important first step in understanding the molecular mechanisms of soluble phosphate effects on the growth and mineral phosphate solubilization of PSB.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1035-1045
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• 2016

To evaluate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on Peyer's patch cells, mice were treated with a high dose of kanamycin to disturb the gut microbial environment. The overarching goal was to explore the potential of LAB for use as a dietary probiotic that buffers the negative consequences of antibiotic treatment. In vitro, LAB stimulated the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from isolated Peyer's patch cells. Inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) were up-regulated in Caco-2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while tight-junction-related genes (ZO-1 and occludin) were down-regulated; the effects of LPS on inflammatory gene and tight-junction gene expression were reversed by treatment with LAB. Mice treated with a high dose of kanamycin showed increased serum IgE levels and decreases in serum IgA and fecal IgA levels; the number of Peyer's patch cells decreased with kanamycin treatment. However, subsequent LAB treatment was effective in reducing the serum IgE level and recovering the serum IgA and fecal IgA levels, as well as the number of Peyer's patch cells. In addition, ZO-1 and occludin mRNA levels were up-regulated in the ileum tissues of mice receiving LAB treatment. Lactic acid bacteria can enhance the intestinal immune system by improving the integrity of the intestinal barrier and increasing the production of IgA in Peyer's patches. Lactic acid bacteria should be considered a potential probiotic candidate for improving intestinal immunity, particularly in mitigating the negative consequences of antibiotic use.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 2008

The ${\alpha}-In_2S_3:Co^{2+}$ single crystal with a good quality and stabilized property were gained successfully by the CTR(Chemical Transport Reaction)method. XRD analysis showed that the grown single crystals were cubic structure. The optical absorption spectra of ${\alpha}-In_2S_3:Co^{2+}$ single crystal showed impurity absorption peaks due to cobalt impurity. These impurity absorption pesks were assigned to the ligand transition between the split energy levels of $Co^{2+}$ ions sited in $T_d$ symmetry of these semiconductor host lattice.