• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2016

수소는 연료전지 등의 에너지원으로 사용될 경우 NOx, SOx, $CO_2$ 등의 한경오염물질, 온실가스를 발생시키지 않기 때문에 친환경 에너지원으로 각광을 받고 있다. 수전해는 수소를 생산하는 가장 간단하고 효율적인 방법 중의 하나로서, 잉여전력 또는 신재생에너지에 의한 전기에너지를 통해 환경오염물질 발생 없이 고순도의 수소를 얻을 수 있으며 분산/대량 생산이 용이하다. 수전해에서 환원전극에서는 수소발생반응이 일어나고, 산화전극에서는 산소발생반응이 일어난다. 이때 주로 산소발생전극 촉매로는 과전압이 작게 걸리고 활성이 우수한 귀금속 계열의 $IrO_2$와 $RuO_2$ 등의 촉매가 현재 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고분자 용액을 만들어 전기방사를 이용하여 공정변수에 따른 직경과 morphology를 확인하였고, 고가의 귀금속 산화물 대신 저렴한 전이금속산화물인 Cu와 Co를 이용하여 1D 나노섬유를 산소발생 촉매로 합성하였다. 합성된 나노섬유의 구조적, 물리화학적 특성을 분석하고 산소발생반응(OER)에 대한 전기화학적 활성 및 내구성을 평가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.12-18
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• 2019

Direct numerical simulation of a fully developed turbulent plane Couette-Poiseuille flow with a two-dimensional (2-D) rod-roughened wall is performed to investigate the impacts of the surface roughness. It is shown that the logarithmic region in the mean velocity profile over the rough wall Couette-Poiseuille flow is significantly shortened by the surface roughness compared to that over a turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flow with smooth wall. The Reynolds shear stress over the rough wall Couette-Poiseuille flow is decreased compared to that for a smooth case in the outer layer. These results are attributed to weakened turbulence activity or roll-cell mode over the rough wall Couette-Poiseuille flow near the channel centerline due to suppressed development of u'-structure on the top wall, as documented through spanwise energy spectra of the streamwise velocity fluctuations. Inspection of congregation motion near the bottom wall and time evolution of u'-structure reveal weakened co-supporting cycle for the rough wall case.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2010

L1251B, which was revealed as a small group of protostars by the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), presents a great site of studying chemical evolution in gas and ice as well as various dynamical processes associated with star formation (infall, rotation, and outflow). We have mapped L1251B with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) aboard the SST to study the chemical distribution in the phases of gas and ice and the dynamical feature related to shock in the region. Various atomic lines and the $H_2$ pure rotational lines, which trace different shock velocities, were detected. In addition, the distribution of the water and $CO_2$ ices hints variety of the ice desorption mechanism in L1251B.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2015

$Ni-TiO_2$ 복합체를 전기도금법으로 제조할 때, pH, 전류밀도 변화에 따른 $TiO_2$ 부피분율을 측정하였다. 산화물의 부피분율은 pH가 높아질수록 낮아지고, 전류밀도가 증가하면, $100mA/cm^2$에서 최댓값을 가진 뒤에 감소하였다. 기존의 산화물 공석량 예측식 모델에 수소발생반응을 고려하여 적용한 결과, 기존 모델보다 실험값과 예측값의 정확도가 더 높았다. 따라서, 산화물이 전기도금층에 공석될 때에는 수소이온의 환원반응과 니켈이온의 환원반응을 종합적으로 고려하여야 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2024

This repeated cross-sectional study with two independent sample populations compared the antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines in Albania in July-August 2021 and 2022. In 2021, it found higher anti-spike-1 seropositivity and antibody levels in fully vaccinated individuals, especially with BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 and to a lesser degree with CoronaVac. By 2022, all single-dose recipients showed high antibody responses, suggesting natural infection-enhanced immunity. The study indicates a significant evolution in the antibody response to different coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines and suggests that a single vaccine dose, coupled with natural infection, might suffice to maintain adequate immunity levels in an endemic scenario.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2011

Atomistic origins of carbon solubility into silicates are essential to understand the effect of carbon on the properties of silicates and evolution of the Earth system through igneous and volcanic processes. Here, we investigate the atomic structure and NMR properties of dissolved carbon in enstatite using Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Raman spectrum for enstatite synthesized with 2.4. wt% of amorphous carbon at 1.5 GPa and $1,400^{\circ}C$ shows vibrational modes of enstatite, but does not show any vibrational modes of $CO_2$ or ${CO_3}^{2-}$. The result indicates low solubility of carbon into enstatite at a given pressure and temperature conditions. Because $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shift is sensitive to local atomic structure around carbon and we calculated $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shielding tensors for C substituted enstatite cluster as well as molecular $CO_2$ using quantum chemical calculations to give insights into $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shifts of carbon in enstatite. The result shows that $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shift of $CO_2$ is 125 ppm, consistent with previous studies. Calculated $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shift of C is ~254 ppm. The current calculation will alllow us to assign potential $^{13}C$ NMR spectra for the enstatite dissolved with carbon and thus may be useful in exploring the atomic environment of carbon.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2015

Phase evolution, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of $Li_2O$ and $Al_2O_3$ doped $Zn_{1.9}Si_{1.05}O_4$, i.e., $Zn_{1.9-2x}Li_xAl_x-Si_{1.05}O_4$, ceramics (x = 0.02 ~ 0.10) were investigated. The ceramics were densified by $SiO_2$-rich liquid phase composed of the Li-Al-Si-O system, indicating that doped Li and Al contributed to the formation of the liquid. As the secondary phase, ${\beta}$-spodumene solid solution with the composition of $LiAlSi_3O_8$ was precipitated from the liquid during the cooling process. The dense ceramics were obtained for the specimens of $$x{\geq_-}0.06$$ showing the rapid densification above $1000^{\circ}C$, implying that a certain amount of liquid is necessary to densify. The specimen of x = 0.06 sintered at $1050^{\circ}C$ exhibited good microwave dielectric properties; the dielectric constant and the quality factor ($Q{\times}f_0$) were 6.4 and 11,213 GHz, respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.561-573
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• 1999

Mesothermal gold deposits of the Heungdeok, Daewon and Ilsaeng mines in the Youngdong area occur in fault shear zones in Precambrian metamorphic rocks of central Sobaegsan Massif, Korea, and formed in single stage of massive quartz veins (0.3 to 3 m thick). Ore mineralogy is simple, consisting dominantly of pyrrhotite, sphalerite and galena with subordinate pyrite, chalcopyrite, electrum, tetrahedrite and native bismuth. Fluid inclusion data indicate that hydrothermal mineralization occurred at high temperatures (>240$^{\circ}$ to 400$^{\circ}$C) from $H_{2}O-CO_{2}(-CH_{4})$-NaCI fluids with salinities less than 12 wt. % equiv. NaC!. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz comprise two main types. These are, in decreasing order of abundance, type I (aqueous liquid-rich) and type II (carbonic). Volumetric proportion of the carbonic phase in type II inclusions varies widely in a single quartz grain. Estimated $CH_4$ contents in the carbonic phase of type II inclusions are 2 to 20 mole %. Relationship between homogenization temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions suggests a complex history of fluid evolution, comprising the early fluid's unmixing accompanying $CO_2$ effervescence and later cooling. Estimated pressures of vein filling are at least 2 kbars. The ore mineralization formed from a magmatic fluid with the ${\delta}^{34}S_{{\Sigma}S}$, ${\delta}^{18}O_{water}$ and ${\delta}D_{water}$ values of -2.1 to 2.2$\textperthousand$, 4.7 to 9.3$\textperthousand$ and -63 to -79$\textperthousand$, respectively. This study validates the application of a magmatic model for the genesis of mesothermal gold deposits in Youngdong area.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 1975

This study is aimed to increase the heat efficiency and to decrease the evolution of carbon monooxide during the combustion of holed coal-briquet by using of non-covered fire-box, and determined carbon monooxide versus combustion time and number of air-hole by the using of Orsat gas analyzer. The obtained results are as follows (1) Carbon monooxide are evolved the greatest quantity between 3rd and 6th hour from the hegining of combustion. (2) Combustion time of holed coal-briquet is not showed the difference to fire-boxes of A-type ($\phi$60mm) and B-type ($\phi$165mm). (3) Combustion temperature is decreased in turns of 4 air-hole>3 air-hole>2 air-hole to holed coal-briquet.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 2012

The rapid evolution of ICT industry brings not only new services or products but also changes from common individual life to whole human society. Coping with these situations and survival, companies cannot help regarding R&D as the most important thing. So, discovering R&D projects which are suitable for the alternation is a big issue for many companies. To resolve the issue, KT has adopted Innovative Management Methodology developed by Strategos, which is co-founded by Gary Harmel. This paper describes this Innovative Management Methodology tailored to KT R&D. The methodology consists of five phases : focusing discovery, discovery, ideas/domains, domain elaboration & aiming point and R&D project proposal. Also, it shows some interim findings that came from the Innovative Management Process. Finally, the future plan for elaborating the methodology itself and generating new R&D projects is suggested.