• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2023

A 13-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and erythematous cutaneous lesions in the ear pinnae. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lymph nodes revealed small to intermediate lymphocytes with a "hand mirror" configuration as the predominant cell type. Histopathological analysis of the lymph node showed an infiltrate of CD3-positive small lymphocytes compressing the follicles against the capsule owing to neoplastic cell expansion. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a homogeneous population of CD3+/CD4-/CD5+/CD8-/CD21+/CD34-/CD45- cells in both the peripheral blood and aspirated lymph nodes, which supports the diagnosis of T-zone lymphoma. Laboratory tests revealed lymphocytosis (14,144 cells/µL) in the peripheral blood. However, contrary to expectations, the bone marrow examination revealed no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration. T-zone lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma with a long survival period, and knowledge of its characteristics may affect disease staging and prognosis evaluation. Therefore, peripheral blood count as a sole screening tool for bone marrow metastasis should be used with caution.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2010

Background: $CD8^+$ T cells contribute to the clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and an insufficient $CD8^+$ T cell response may be one of the major factors leading to chronic HBV infection. Since the HBx antigen of HBV can up-regulate cellular expression of several immunomodulatory molecules, we hypothesized that HBx expression in hepatocytes might affect $CD8^+$ T cell activity. Methods: We analyzed the activation and apoptosis of $CD8^+$ T cells co-cultured with primary hepatocytes rendered capable of expressing HBx by recombinant baculovirus infection. Results: Expression of HBx in hepatocytes induced low production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, with no effect on CD8 T cell proliferation. However, transcriptional levels of H-2K, ICAM-1 and PD-1 ligand did not correlate with HBx expression in hepatocytes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HBx may inhibit $CD8^+$ T cell response by regulation of $interferon-{\gamma}$ production and apoptosis.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.51.1-51.17
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• 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe pulmonary disease in infants, young children, and the elderly. Formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine trials failed due to vaccine enhanced respiratory disease, but the underlying immune mechanisms remain not fully understood. In this study, we have used wild type C57BL/6 and CD4 knockout (CD4KO) mouse models to better understand the roles of the CD4 T cells and cellular mechanisms responsible for enhanced respiratory disease after FI-RSV vaccination and RSV infection. Less eosinophil infiltration and lower pro-inflammatory cytokine production were observed in FI-RSV vaccinated CD4KO mice after RSV infection compared to FI-RSV vaccinated C57BL/6 mice. NK cells and cytokine-producing CD8 T cells were recruited at high levels in the airways of CD4KO mice, correlating with reduced respiratory disease. Depletion studies provided evidence that virus control was primarily mediated by NK cells whereas CD8 T cells contributed to IFN-γ production and less eosinophilic lung inflammation. This study demonstrated the differential roles of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as NK cells, in networking with other inflammatory infiltrates in RSV disease in immune competent and CD4-deficient condition.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.374-387
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of lymphocyte populations in normal, reversibly inflamed and irreversibly inflamed human dental pulp tissues using flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, with specific antibody and fluorochrome reagent allows us to know cellular properties of hematolymphoid cells by measuring fluorescence of stained cells. Before extirpation of pulps in routine endodontic treatment, the clinical diagnosis were performed by symptom. The extirpated pulp tissues were divided into normal pulp group (N=5), reversible pulpit is group(N=10) and irreversible pulpitis group(N=7). The specimen was placed into RPMI 1640 medium, minced into small pieces, and then digested in medium with collagenase. The cell suspension was resuspended in PBS for monoclonal antibody staining of T lymhocytes(CD3+), B lymphocytes (CD19+), T helper cell (CD4+) and T supressor cell (CD8+). The percentages of cells were counted by FACStar(BD) flow cytometer. Following results were obtained; 1. In the most normal and inflamed pulps, the percentages of T lymphocyte, B lymphocytes, T helper cell and T suppressor/cytotoxic cell were less than 1 % in total counted pulpal cells. 2. The higher percentages of T, B, T helper and T suppressor cells were observed in irreversible pulpitis group as compared with the normal pulp and reversible pulpitis group but the differences between groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 3. The percentages of T helper cells (CD4 + cells) were greater than that of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8 + cells) in the inflamed pulps.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Background : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder under immunological influence. Gamichunggumgangwha-tang (CG, Jiaweiqingjinjianghuo-tang) and Gamiyukmigiwhang-tang (YM, Jiaweiliuweidihuang-tang) are herbal tonics for asthma from traditional herbal medicine. Objective : To evaluate the effect of CG and YM on immune cell & serum OA-specific IgE in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a rat asthma model. Materials and Methods : Rats were sensitized with OA; at day I sensitized group and CG and YM groups were systemically immunized by subcutaneous injection of 1mg OA and 300mg of Al(OH)3 in a total volume of 2ml. At the same time, 1 ml of 0.9% saline containing $6{\times}10^9$ B. pertussis bacilli was injected by Lp. 14 days after the systemic immunization, rats received local immunization by inhaling 0.9% saline aerosol containing 2% (wt/vol) OA. A day after local immunization, BALF was collected from the rats. Rats were orally administered with each of CG and YM extract for 14 days since the day after local immunization. Lymphocyte, CD4＋ T cell and CD8＋ T cell counts, CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio in BALF, change of serum OA-specific IgE level, CD4＋ T cell and CD8＋ T cell percentages in the peripheral blood were measured and evaluated. Results : CG and YM showed an alleviating effect on asthmatic responses of rats. CG decreased total cell, lymphocyte, CD4＋ T cells in BALF, and serum OA-specific IgE level as compared with the control group. YM decreased lymphocytes as compared with the control group. CD4＋/CD8＋ ratio in BALF from the CG and YM groups and serum OA-specific IgE level from the YM group didn't show any significant variation from the control group. Conclusion : CG alleviated asthmatic hyperreactivity of the immune system through CD4＋ T cells and serum IgE. Further the study of this immune system modulating mechanism is expected.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제5권
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• pp.197-207
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• 1996

As a mood-altering drug, long-term alcohol consumption have significant harmful effects on the human body and people's mental functioning. This study observed that the suppression of cell mediated immunity induced in spleen of ICR mouse by long-term alcohol administration. After 8% alcohol voluntary administered for 120 days, the splenic tissue irnmunohistochemically stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), IL-2 receptor(CD25R) and NK-1.1(CD56) after embedding with paraffin. The results were as follows. 1. The size of marginal zone in splenic white pulp was diminished and the number of macrophage in marginal zone was decreased in test group than control group. 2. After alcohol administration, the number of Helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IL-2 receptor were decreased in periarterial lymphatic sheaths of white pulp and penicilla artery of red pulp and the degree of CD4, CD8, and CD25R positive reaction were soften. 3. In test group, the number of NK cell were decreased. These results indicated that the secretion of lymphokine as IL-2 was inhibited by long-term alcohol administration and subsequently prevent to activate and proliferate splenic T lymphocytes and NK cells as cell mediated immunity component.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2007

4-1BB (CD137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is expressed on activated T-cells, and 4-1BB signaling due to interaction with 4-1BB ligand or ligation with anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody (mAb) costimulates T cells. It has been shown that administration of anti-4-1BB mAb induces anti-tumor immunity in mice, but the nature of the cellular subsets responsible for this immunity is uncertain. In this study we found that anti-4-1BB mAb administration to B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice induced marked expansion of $CD11c^+CD8^+$ T-cells in parallel with suppression of pulmonary tumors. The mAb-treated mice produced higher levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$ in their tumor tissues, spleen and lymph nodes than mice exposed to control antibody. When the $CD11c^+CD8^+$ T-cells were purified and re-stimulated in vitro, they produced high levels of the Th1 cytokines, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-2, but low levels of the Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, they expressed high levels of 4-1BB and CD107a, a marker of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Our results suggest that $CD11c^+CD8^+$ T-cells play a role in the anti-tumor immunity induced by anti-4-1BB mAb.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1185-1191
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• 1992

Cell mediated immunity is depressed following surgical procedure and the degree of immunosuppression is directly related to the magintude of the procedure, blood transfusion, and length of operation. So we would expect cardiac operations to be highly immunosuppressive, although little is konwn about their immunosuppressive effect. The nearly complete consumption of complement factors and decreased levels of IgM and IgG resulting in an impaired opsonizing capacity. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cell counts including T-and B-lymphocytes and T-cell subsets are reduced. Depression of cell-mediated immunity following open-heart surgery is potentially detrimental because it could increase the susceptability of patients to viral and bacterial infection. We reviewed 20 patients after cardiac operation to search for changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometer and the preoperative values of lymphocyte subsets were compared with those from the first, fourth, and seventh days after operation. After cardiac operation, total mumbers of T lymphocyte was severely depressed on the first postoperative day and returned to the preoperative level by the seventh day after operation. CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes were decreased on the first postoperative day and returned to the preoperative level by the seventh day also. There was four cases of wound infection and these patients had increased CD4 lympocyte and more decreased CD19 lymphocyte compared with the non-infected group. It is concluded from these data that cell-mediated immunity is significantly depressed for at least one week following open-heart surgery and this result was closely related to the postoperative infection.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1227-1234
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• 2011

된장의 면역증강 효과에 미치는 영향을 위장관도에서 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T 림프구의 면역조직화학적 염색반응에서 된장식이를 첨가한 모든 실험군에서 $CD4^+$ T 세포는 공장의 점막 고유층과 음와 아래의 고유층에서 강한 면역 반응을 나타내었고, 결장에서는 점막 하층과 외막층의 혈관 주위에서 강한 면역반응을 나타내었다. 반면, $CD8^+$ T 세포는 Group III에서 결장의 점막상피, 점막 고유층, 점막하층 및 외막층에서 강한 면역반응을 나타내었고, uNOS에 대한 면역 반응에서는 된장 식이를 첨가한 모든 실험군에서 결장 점막하층과 근육층신경얼기에서 강한 면역반응을 나타내었다. Protein kinase C-${\alpha}$에 대한 면역반응은 Group II와 Group III에서 점막상피와 근육층에서 강한 면역반응을 나타내었고, stem cell factor에 대한 면역반응은 된장식이를 첨가한 모든 실험군의 점막상피와 Group I의 근육층에서 강한 면역반응을 나타내었다. 이상의 실험결과로 대조군에 비하여 농도별로 된장식이를 첨가한 실험군에서 $CD4^+/CD^+8$에 대하여 강한 면역반응을 보인 것으로 보아 위장관에서 면역능을 증가시킬 것으로 사료되며, uNOS의 증가에 따른 NO의 방출이 위장관의 운동과 혈관운동을 촉진하여 위비움과 결장의 운동을 촉진할 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 농도별로 된장 식이를 첨가한 실험군에서 protein kinase C-${\alpha}$와 stem cell factor에 대한 면역반응이 위장관의 점막상피에서 강하게 나타난 것으로 보아 점막 상피세포의 증식과 분화를 촉진시켜 여러 가지 물질의 흡수와 전달에 관여할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2000

Experimental studies were performed to investigate the effect of Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture on the growth of Melanoma 816 tissue and Mononuclear cell subsets in mice. The results are as follows : 1. In the study of lymphocytes numbers in mice circulating blood, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed inhibitory effect, but without stastistical significance. 2. In the study of $CD4^+$ T cell percentage in mice circulating blood, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed inhibitory effect, but without stastistical significance. 3. In the study of $CD8^+$ T cell percentage in mice circulating blood, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed inhibitory effect, with stastistical significance. 4. in the study of lymphocytes numbers in mice spleen tissue, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed inhibitory effect, but without stastistical significance. 5. In the study of $CD4^+$ T cell percentage in mice spleen tissue, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed inhibitory effect, but without stastistical significance. 6. In the study of $CD8^+$ T cell percentage in mice spleen tissue, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed inhibitory effect, but without stastistical significance. 7. In the measurement of melanoma tissue weight, Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture showed increasing effect, but without stastistical significance. According to above results, it is concluded that Houttuyniae herba Aqua-acupuncture is effective upon immune responses in Melanoma 816 inoculated mice.