• 생약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1997

Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) has been used as an analgesic and antiiflammatory agent and in the treatment of menstrual disorder in folk remedies. Cyperi Rhizomata, processed and unprocessed, were extracted with methanol and fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform. Butanol, water. The effect of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizoma and processed Cyperi Rhizoma on $CCl_4$ induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxity have been tested in rats. BuOH. Water fractions of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizome enhanced the inhibition of antilipid peroxidative effects in liver lipid. In chemical parameters obtained from serum analysis. Butanol fraction of unprocessed Cyperi Rhizoma showed significant decrease in hepatotoxicity. In result, unprocessed Cyperi rhizoma has significant antilipid peroxidative effect and hepatoprotective activity.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 Noah 3.3 지면모형을 이용하여 표층과 근역층(root-zone)의 토양함수비를 추정하고, 이를 위성기반 및 재분석 토양수분자료와 비교·검증하였다. 먼저, Noah 3.3 지면모형으로부터 추정한 4개 토양층 중 지면에 가까운 3개층(즉, 표층으로부터 1 m 깊이까지) 토양함수비를 이용하여 3개층의 깊이 가중평균값을 근역층 토양 함수비로 정의하였다. 이렇게 Noah 3.3 지면모형으로 추정한 토양함수비를 위성기반 표층 토양 함수비(European Space Agency Climate Change Initiatives Soil Moisture Product v04.4, ESA CCI SM v04.4)와 ERA-interim 재분석 표층 및 근역층 토양함수비와 비교·검증하였다. 또한, 전지구의 주요 5개 유역(Yangtze, Mekong, Mississippi, Murray-Darling, Amazon)에 대해 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) 관측 Total Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) 와 TWS Change (TWSC)를 이용하여 비교·검증하였다. Noah 3.3 지면모형으로 산정한 토양수분 자료는 동아시아 지역과 남아시아 지역, 호주, 북미와 남미 등 대부분의 아시아·태평양지역에서 높은 아노말리 상관관계를 보였으며, 5개 유역에서 호주의 머레이-달링(Murray-Darling)유역에서 다소 낮은 상관관계를 보였으나, 나머지 4개 유역에서는 대체로 높은 상관성을 보였다. Noah 3.3 지면모형은 준실시간 토양수분 모의가 가능하기 때문에 이에 기반한 가뭄감시가 가능하며, 선제적 가뭄 대응 대책 마련에 활용성이 클 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1987

The conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (type D) into xanthine oxidase (type D) was significantly increased in serum and liver of all $CCI_4$ treated rats on the necrosis and early cirrhosis stage of liver tissue. In the pretreatment of prednisolone, the ratio of type O per type O + D showed the decreasing tendency in serum, but the significant decrease in liver. In vitro, the conversion of liver xanthine oxidase from type D into type O was markedly increased by following preincubation with lysosomal fraction. The type conversion of xanthine oxidase may be caused by protelytic enzymes in lysosome.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2005년도 제45회 학술심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.58-58
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.707-717
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• 2018

Leukocytes are reportedly the first line of the innate immune defense and essential for the control of common bacterial infections. Therefore, in this work, the antibacterial activity of crocodile leukocyte extract against Propionibacterium acnes was evaluated, and we also characterized the related activity of skin infection. The leukocyte extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration to be $100{\mu}g/ml$ to P. acnes. SEM imaging demonstrated that the leukocyte extract adversely affected P. acnes cell permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the crocodile leukocyte extract could significantly reduce proinflammatory markers and decrease inflammatory signs in infected mouse ears. The crude leukocyte extract was further purified using FPLC and RP-HPLC. The resulting fraction F5 was indicated as the anti-acne peptide-containing fraction. The molecular mass of the peptide contained in F5 was calculated to be 4,790.5 Da. N-Terminal sequencing revealed the amino acid sequence as GPEPVPAIYQ, which displays similarities to immunoglobulin A and leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein. This is the first reported amino acid sequence of a crocodile leukocyte extract that possesses anti-acne activity. To attempt to use it in a prototype cosmetic, an anti-acne gel containing crude crocodile leukocyte extract was formulated, resulting in seven gel formulations (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7). The formulations G5, G6, and G7 exhibited 2-fold higher anti-acne activity than G1-G4. Investigation of accelerating stability studies of anti-acne gel formulations G5, G6, and G7 demonstrated that a low storage temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) is suitable for maintaining the physical properties and biological activity of the anti-acne gel products.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 지표수문해석모형을 이용하여 과거 30년에 대한 남한과 북한의 토양수분을 모의하고 그 거동 차이를 분석하였다. 아울러 VIC 모형의 모의결과를 평가하기 위해 Soil Moisture CCI에서 제공하는 위성관측 토양수분 자료를 분석하였다. 모의결과와 관측자료 사이의 비교에는 CSEOF 분석을 적용하여 단순한 토양수분 값의 비교가 아닌 VIC 모형의 성능을 간접적으로 평가하는 방법을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 토양수분의 경년변동은 남한과 북한 모두 전체적으로 유사한 경향을 보였으나, 남한의 토양수분이 북한의 토양수분보다 작게는 1%에서 크게는 7%까지 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘 째, 월 단위 토양수분의 경우, 봄철에 해당하는 4 - 6월의 토양수분 상태는 남한과 북한에서 유사하게 나타났다. 반면, 장마철 이후 토양수분은 남한의 경우 최대 40%까지 증가하지만, 북한에서는 최대 32% 정도에 머무르는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋 째, 전체적으로 모의된 토양수분이 인공위성에서 관측된 토양수분보다 약 4% 정도 작지만, 과거 30년 동안 나타난 증가 정도는 위성관측 토양수분과 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 위성관측 토양수분과 VIC 모형으로 유도된 토양수분 자료에 대한 CSEOF를 비교해본 결과, 4월부터 6월까지의 토양수분은 공간적으로 서로 상당히 다른 패턴을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 7월과 10월의 경우에는 약한 유사성을 보이고 있으며, 8월과 9월은 상당히 유사한 패턴을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.501-512
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Optimal risk stratification based on simplified geriatric assessment to predict treatment-related toxicity and survival needs to be clarified in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study enrolled newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL (≥ 65 yr) between September 2015 and April 2018. A simplified geriatric assessment was performed at baseline using Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), and Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI). The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS). Results: The study included 249 patients, the median age was 74 years (range, 65-88), and 125 (50.2%) were female. In multivariable Cox analysis, ADL, IADL, CCI, and age were independent factors for EFS; an integrated geriatric score was derived and the patients stratified into three geriatric categories: fit (n = 162, 65.1%), intermediate-fit (n = 25, 10.0%), and frail (n = 62, 24.9%). The established geriatric model was significantly associated with EFS (fit vs. intermediate-fit, HR 2.61, p < 0.001; fit vs. frail, HR 4.61, p < 0.001) and outperformed each covariate alone or in combination. In 87 intermediate-fit or frail patients, the relative doxorubicin dose intensity (RDDI) ≥ 62.4% was significantly associated with worse EFS (HR, 2.15, 95% CI 1.30-3.53, p = 0.002). It was related with a higher incidence of grade ≥ 3 symptomatic non-hematologic toxicities (63.2% vs. 27.8%, p < 0.001) and earlier treatment discontinuation (34.5% vs. 8.0%, p < 0.001) in patients with RDDI ≥ 62.4% than in those with RDDI < 62.4%. Conclusions: This model integrating simplified geriatric assessment can risk-stratify older patients with DLBCL and identify those who are highly vulnerable to standard dose-intensity chemoimmunotherapy.

• 약학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.198-207
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• 1999

The aim of the present investigation was to examine whether YH439, a hepatoprotective agent, exerts protective effect against hepatotoxicity and reduces the production of cytokines and NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed rats with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). Administration of LPS following a single dose of CCl4 injection resulted in remarkable elevations of the serum $TNF{\alpha},{\;}IL-l{\beta$ and IL-6 level. The serum NO level was moderately elevated and severe liver damage was evidenced by increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. YH439 decreased the levels of TNF, $IL-l{\beta}$, IL-6, ALT, SDH as well as NO in the serum elevated by CCl4+LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level was decreased in the liver of rats treated with YH439. The increased iNOS activity induced by LPS and $interferon-{\gamma}$ was significantly decreased in RAW 264.7 cells by YH439 treatment. YH439 increased the GSH level decreased by $CCl_4+LPS$ and suppressed the ratio of GSSG/GSH. The reduction of hepatotoxicity by YH439 may associated with the decrease in the production of cytokines as well as suppression of iNOS protein in conjunction with an increase in the GSH level.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb on hepatotoxicity in carbon tetrachloride$(CCI_4)$ intoxicated rats. The examined effects hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fractions prepared from the Houttuynia cordata Thunb methanol exlract and rats were administrated with those orally once a day for successive 6 days, fellowed by treaoent with $CCl_4$ on the sixth day. After 6 days, the activities of aminotransferase, alkalinephosphatase, ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase and contents of triglyceride, hepatic lipid peroxide in butanol fraction pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats, also depletion glutathione content induced by treatment with $CCl_4$ was prevented by butanol fraction pretreated rats. In addition, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in butanol fiaction pretreated rats were significantly decreased compared to the only $CCl_4$ treated rats, but the activity of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase was not significantly effect. These results suggest that butanol fiuction of Houttuynia cordata Thunb methanol extract have potent hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.179-182
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• 1995

Previous study showed that $CCl_4$ administration evoked a rapid decrease in cytochrome $P_{450}$ 2E1 protein soon after the exposure due to posttranslational inhibition(Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 179:449-454, 1991). In this report, aniline hydroxylase and the amounts of immunoreactive $P_{450}$ 2E1 were rapidly decreased during day 1 to 2 and recovered during day 3 to 4 after a single dose of $CCl_4$. The activity of pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase was also suppressed at day 1 and began to repair from day 2. However, the decrease in immunoreactive $P_{450}$ 2C content was not observed. The decreases in $P_{450}$ 2E1 enzyme activity and immunoreactive protein by acute $CCl_4$ treatment were accompanied by a decline in $P_{450}$ 2E1 mRNA level. The data thus suggested a pretranslational reduction of $P_{450}$ 2E1 during day 1 to 2 after acute $CCl_4$ treatment.