• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2001

열 안정성을 가지고 있는 한국산 꿩에서 분리된 New-castle disease virus CBP-1주는 9일령 SPF 계태아에 접종되어 $37^{\circ}C$에서 배양하는 방법으로 173번(parent주) 누대 배양되었다. $37^{\circ}C$에서 173번 누대 배양된 NDV CBP-1 주를 10 일령 계태아에 접종한 후 저온에서 ($29^{\circ}C$) 15번 (CA-15) 30번(CA-30) 누대 배양하였다. 저온순화 주인 CA-15주와 CA-30주의 이화학적 성상검사 (열 안정성 실험, 지질 용매에 대한 감수성 실험, 산성 용매에 대한 감수성 실험)와 병원성 실험(MDT, ICPI, IVPI), 온도 감수성 실험, 안전성 실험, 부스터 효과 실험, 방어효과 등을 실험하였고, $37^{\circ}C$에서 173번 누대 배양된 parent주와 비교하였다. $29^{\circ}C$에 적응된 CA-30주는 $37^{\circ}C$와 $41^{\circ}C$에서 세포 감염력이 parent주와 비교할 때 감소하였다. CA-15주와 CA-30주를 $56^{\circ}C$에서 30분, 60분, 120분 동안 처리하였을 때 이들 저온 순화주들은 혈구응집능과 세포감염력을 상실하였다. Parent주와 CA-15, CA-30주는 ethyl ether를 10분간 처리했을 때 혈구응집능과 세포 감염력을 모두 상실하였다. 그러나 parent주와 CA-15, CA-30주는 pH 3.0-glycine HCl 완충액에 60분간 처리하였을 때 혈구응집능을 가지고 있었다. Parent주의 대뇌병원성 지수와 정맥내 병원성 지수는 각각 1.12, 1.45 이었다. 그러나 CA-30주의 대뇌 병원성 지수와 정맥내 병원성 지수는 각각 0.75, 0.00으로 감소하였다. CA-30주의 안전성은 1 일령 병아리에서 실시하였고 parent주와 B-1주와 비교였다. 이들의 안전성은 치사율을 가지고 평가하였다. parent주와 CA-30주와 B-1주의 치사율은 각각 17.5, 12.0. 0.0%이었다. CA-30주가 parent주에 비해 보다 높은 안전성을 보여 주었으나 B-1주에 비해서 아직 높은 치사율을 보여 주고 있었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

태안해안국립공원 15개소 일대의 관속식물은 117과 326속 436종 49변종 6품종 2교잡종으로 총 493분류군이 확인되었다. 태안해안국립공원은 해안과 주변의 섬을 포함하고 있는 지역으로 남부지역에 주로 분포하는 천선과나무, 후박나무, 참식나무 및 사스레피나무 등과 해안사구지역에 주로 분포하는 해당화, 통보리사초 및 갯그령이 나타났다. 그리고 단풍나무, 사철나무 및 동백나무 등 낙엽활엽수와 상록활엽수가 혼합되어 분포하고 있어서 해안이라는 지역적인 특징과 중부아구와 남부아구의 점이지대로서의 특징을 잘 반영하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기종은 확인되지 않았으며, 식물구계학적 특정식물종은 총 53종으로 I 등급에 해당하는 종은 순비기나무, 두루미천남성 및 큰천남성 등으로 41종이 확인되었고, II 등급에 해당하는 종은 꽃창포 1종이 확인되었으며, III 등급에 해당하는 종은 모감주나무, 솔장다리 및 굴거리나무 등으로 7종이 확인되었고, IV 등급에 갯강활 1종, V 등급에 통발 1종이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 도깨비가지, 미국자리공 및 달맞이꽃 등 17과 44속 51종 1품종으로 총 52분류군이 확인되었다. 이 중 생태계교란야생 동 식물로 알려진 도깨비가지, 서양금혼초와 양미역취 등 3종은 물리적 제거와 같은 관리가 요망된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.474-483
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 마우스를 대상으로 enzymatically modified isoquercitrin(EMIQ)이 고지방식이에 의한 체중증가와 이와 관련된 혈중지표들의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 지방조직을 중심으로 그 작용기작을 규명하고자 하였다. 10주간 고지방식이와 함께 섭취시킨 1.2% EMIQ는 마우스의 체중(-21%), 내장지방량(-31%) 그리고 혈중지표인 중성지방(-17%), 총콜레스테롤(-19%) 및 유리지방산(-26%)의 농도를 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 내장지방조직과 피하지방조직 모두에서 EMIQ는 PKA의 단백질량을 유의하게 증가시켰다. EMIQ는 또한 내장지방조직에서 지방생성 관련 유전자들의 발현($PPAR{\gamma}2$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, FAS, aP2)을 유의하게 감소시킨 반면, 지방산 산화 관련 분자(p-HSL)를 유의하게 증가시켰고, 내장지방조직과 피하지방조직 모두에서 열발생 관련 유전자($PGC1-{\alpha}$, PRDM16, Cidea, UCP1)의 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 따라서 EMIQ의 체중감소효능은 지방조직에서 PKA가 매개하는 지방생성, 지방산 산화 및 열 발생 관련 신호전달체계 유전자들의 발현변화와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

Objectives : Mibyeong is a korea medicine have original concept of the disease. However, no previous report has effect of mibyeong herbal medicine in fatigue types of mibyeong. This study investigated the question of whether Dang Gui Bo Hyul-tang(DGBHT) of effect on fatigue types of Mibyeong. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were randomaly divided into three group (n=10). The mice were then group (1) Nocontrol, (2) Restraunt stress(veh), (3) Dang Gui Bo Hyul-tang 200mg/kg. The administered Dang Gui Bo Hyul-tang 200mg/kg or distilled water (orally) 1 hr prior to daily exposure to repeated restraint stress (2 h) for 15 days. The performed behavior test (Mechanical hyperalgesia test,, Open-field test, Forced swimming test, Sucrose preference test and immunostaining and biochemical measured in serum. Results : Stress fatigue induced mices significantly increased lethargic, hyperalgesia through behavior test (Mechanical hyperalgesia test (decrease 43%), Open-field test ($4,809{\pm} 226.13cm$ vs. $3121{\pm}226.64cm$), Forced swimming test ($11.45{\pm}3.96$ vs. $79.10{\pm}8.12sec$), Sucrose preference test (decrease 58%)). In addition, chronic fatigue model evidently increased corticosterone level ($122.54{\pm}18.88$ vs. $186.94{\pm}18.26ng/ml$), AST level ($46.22{\pm}3.23$ vs. $31.40{\pm}3.86U/L$), ALT level ($38.78{\pm}5.72$ vs. $17.60{\pm}1.30$), liver necrosis, lateral ventricle size. These alterations were significantly ameliorated by DGBHT. DGBHT significantly attend the elevated serum concentrations of corticosterone ($155.90{\pm}6.29ng/ml$), AST ($31.40{\pm}3.86U/L$), ALT ($17.60{\pm}1.30U/L$). Moreover, DGBHT improved lethargic, hyperalgesia when compared the stress fatigue (Mechanical hyperalgesia test (improve 28%), Open-field test ($4,038{\pm}615.81cm$), Forced swimming test ($7.56{\pm}1.88sec$), Sucrose preference test (increase 21%) Conclusions : Theses result suggest that DGBHT have improved lethargic, hyperalgesia and fatigue-associated hormone and liver protective on stress fatigue model. It will be necessary to research to present evidences on benefits and effects of Korean medical treatment for Mibyeong through clinical researches based on benefits and effects of those animal models.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.638-643
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• 2007

The full encoding sequence for human type II hexokinase (HXK II) was cloned into the E. coli expression vector pET 21b and expressed as a C-terminally hexahistidine-tagged protein in the BL2l (DE3) strain. The IPTG-induced HXK II approximately accounted for 17% of the total E. coli proteins, and 81% of HXK $II_{6{\times}His}$ existed in inclusion bodies. To improve the production of soluble recombinant HXK II protein, in the functionally active form, we used low temperature, and the osmotic stress expression method. When expressed at $18^{\circ}C$, about 83% of HXK $II_{6{\times}His}$ existed in the soluble fraction, which amounted to a 4.1-fold yield over that expressed at $37^{\circ}C$. The soluble form of HXK $II_{6{\times}His}$ was also highly produced in the presence of 1M sorbitol under the standard condition $(37^{\circ}C)$, which indicated that temperature downshift and low water potentials were required to improve the yield of active recombinant HXK II protein. The expressed protein was purified by metal chelate affinity chromatography performed in an IDA Excellose column charged with $Ni^{2+}$ ions, resulting in about 40mg recombinant HXK II protein obtained with purity over 89% from 51 of E. coli culture. The identity of HXK $II_{6{\times}His}$ was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. Taken together, using the stress-governed expression described in this study, human active HXK II can be purified in sufficient amounts for biochemical and biomedical studies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.682-697
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH2O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2023년도 임시총회 및 춘계학술대회
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• pp.17-17
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• 2023

Chrysanthemum zawadskii (C. zawadskii) is used in traditional East Asian medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory disease. However, it has remained unclear whether extracts of C. zawadskii inhibit inflammasome activation in macrophages. The present study assessed the inhibitory effect of an ethanol extract of C. zawadskii (CZE) on the activation of the inflammasome in macrophages and the underlying mechanism. Bone marrow[-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were obtained from wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The release of IL-1β and lactate dehydrogenase in response to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activators, such as ATP, nigericin and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, was significantly decreased by CZE in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-primed BMDMs. Western blotting revealed that CZE inhibited ATP-induced caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β maturation. To investigate whether CZE inhibits the priming step of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we confirmed the role of CZE at the gene level using RT-qPCR. CZE also downregulated the gene expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β as well as NF-κB activation in BMDMs in response to LPS. Apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) oligomerization and speck formation by NLRP3 inflammasome activators were suppressed by CZE. By contrast, CZE did not affect NLR family CARD domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activation in response to Salmonella typhimurium and poly(dA:dT) in LPS-primed BMDMs, respectively. The results revealed that three key components of CZE, namely linarin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and chlorogenic acid, decreased IL-1β secretion in response to ATP, nigericin and MSU. These findings suggest that CZE effectively inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1084-1098
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes. RESULTS: Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the IL-1β mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.11-30
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• 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) on lung injury and muscle loss in a COPD mouse model. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were challenged with cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide, and then treated with two concentrations of SHT (250 and 500 mg/kg). After sacrifice, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or lung tissue was analyzed by cytospin, ELISA, real-time PCR, flow cytometry analysis, and H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. The grip strength of COPD mice was measured using a grip strength meter. The running time of COPD mice was measured by a treadmill test. Muscle tissue of the quadriceps was stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: SHT significantly inhibited the increase in neutrophil numbers in BALF and significantly decreased immune cell activity in BALF and lung tissue. It also significantly inhibited the increase in TNF-α, IL-17, and MIP2 in BALF. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-17, MIP2, and TRPV1 in lung tissue showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. Lung tissue damage was significantly reduced in the histological analysis. The grip strength and running time of the COPD mice showed a significant decrease compared with the control group. In histological staining, SHT was found to reduce the damage to muscle tissue. Conclusions: This study indicates that SHT can be used as a therapeutic agent for COPD patients by inhibiting lung injury and muscle loss.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2020

본 실험은 국내와 유럽에서 비육돈 생산 시 종료웅돈으로 이용되는 품종과 이를 활용한 교잡돈의 성장, 체형형질 및 도체 부분육 생산량을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 본 실험을 위해 산육형질 분석은 D(Duroc) 147두, DPP(Duroc×Pietrain×Pietrain) 101두, 도체 부분육 생산량 분석은 D, DPP 각각 16두를 사용하였다. 실험결과 등지방두께는 DPP는 12.69±3.25 mm, D는 14.07±0.24 mm로 높은 유의적 차이를 보였고, 일일사료섭취량은 DPP는 1,909 g, D는 2,101 g으로 조사되었다(p<0.001). 체고, 흉심, 흉폭은 D가 DPP에 비해 높은 유의적 차이를 보였지만(p<0.001), 체장은 비슷하게 조사되었다. D의 도체 부분육 생산량 비중은 후지, 삽겹살, 전지 순서였고, 각각 31.17, 23.40 및 16.54%를 차지하였으며, DPP의 도체 부분육 생산량 비중은 각각 33.43, 19.55 및 16.87%를 차지하였다. 부위별 도체 부분육 생산량 비율 차이를 살펴보면, 후지는 DPP 33.43%, D 31.17%로 2.26% P 차이를 보인 반면, 삼겹살은 D 23.40%, DPP 19.55% 로 3.85% P 차이를 보였다. 따라서 DPP는 D 보다 사료효율이 우수하고, 최근 건강을 생각하는 소비자들의 선호도가 높은 저지방 부위의 생산 증대 효과를 기대할 수 있다고 판단된다. 이러한 각각 품종의 특성은 우수한 품종개발에 기초자료로써 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.