• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2010

For the fabrication of PMOS and integrated semiconductor devices, B, $BF_2$ and dual elements with B and $BF_2$ can be implanted in silicon. 15 keV B ions were implanted in silicon at $7^{\circ}$ wafer tilt and a dose of $3.0{\times}10^{16}\;cm^{-2}$. 67 keV $BF_2$ ions were implanted in silicon at $7^{\circ}$ wafer tilt and a dose of $3.0{\times}10^{15}\;cm^{-2}$. For dual implantations, 67 keV $BF_2$ and 15keV B were carried out with two implantations with dose of $1.5{\times}10^{15}\;cm^{-2}$ instead of $3.0{\times}10^{15}\;cm^{-2}$, respectively. For the electrical activation, the implanted samples were annealed with rapid thermal annealing at $1,050^{\circ}C$ for 30 seconds. The implanted profiles were characterized by using secondary ion mass spectrometry in order to measure profiles. The implanted and annealed results show that concentration profiles for the ${BF_2}^+$ implant are shallower than those for a single $B^+$ and dual ($B^+$ and ${BF_2}^+$) implants in silicon. This effect was caused by the presence of fluorine which traps interstitial silicon and ${BF_2}^+$ implants have lower diffusion effect than a single and dual implantation cases. For the fabricated diodes, current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) were also measured with HP curve tracer and C-V plotter. Electrical measurements showed that the dual implant had the best result in comparison with the other two cases for the turn on voltage characteristics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.429-441
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• 1994

The difference in lipid metabolism between breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed(FF) infants were studied in 31 Korean infants at 1, 2 and 3 months postpartum. The formulas had more total lipids(TL), triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids and less cholesterol(CHOL) and free fatty acids(FFA) than the breast milk. The milk consumption of the FF infants was significantly greater than that of the BF infants with a wide individual variation. As a result, the FF infants appeared to consume more TL, TG and PL and less CHOL and FFA than the BF infants during 3 months. The lipid contents of the breast milk tended to decrease in due course of lactation, therefore the intake of lipids of BF infants was reduced during the first three month of lactation. The plasma TG and CHOL levels of infants at 3 month were not significantly different between the BF and FF infants, but the PL level of the BF infants was higher then that of the FF infants. The plasma levels of TG and CHOL were not significantly correlated with the intakes of TL, TG, CHOL, PL and FFA, respectively. The PL level, however, was positively correlated with the intakes of CHOL and FFA, respectively and negatively correlated with PL intake as well as 18 : 2w6 fatty acid content of the breast milk or the formulas. The fecal weight and fecal loss of TL of the FF infants were greater than those of the BF infants during 3 months, however, apparent lipids digestibility was not significantly different between the BF and FF infants. The fecal excretions of CHOL and bile acids of FF infants were substantially higher than those of BF infants during 3 months. New sterol balance showed a particularly large difference between the BF and FF infants. The value of the net sterol balance of the BF infants was negative, but that of the FF infants was positive. This study shows that the consumption pattern of various lipid components of BF and FF infants were different as a result of different lipid compositions between breast milk and formula. The significantly lower sterol balance of the BF infants than the FF infants may have been derived from the unique dietary characteristic of breast milk.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

본 연구는 학교시설의 장애물 없는 생활환경(BF)인증이 의무화됨에 따라 학교시설에 대한 장애물 없는 생활환경(BF)인증 평가지표에 대한 기초연구로, 장애물 없는 생활환경(BF)인증 평가지표를 바탕으로 학교시설의 편의시설 설치현황을 조사 및 분석하여 학교시설에 적합한 장애물 없는 생활환경(BF)인증 평가지표의 개선방향성을 모색하고자 하였다. 우수시설학교로 선정된 조사대상학교의 편의시설 중 매개시설, 내부시설의 현황과 장애물 없는 생활환경(BF)인증 평가지표를 비교분석한 결과, 배점획득항목에 따라 학교시설에 기 반영되어진 항목과 중 하위 배점 기준으로 최소로 반영되어지는 항목으로 분류될 수 있었으며, 기 반영되는 항목은 배점기준의 변별력이 다소 미흡하여 배점 기준 등의 개선이 필요하다. 누구나 이용하기 편리한 학교시설을 위해 중 하위 배점을 획득하는 항목에 대해 기준개선 및 배점 조정으로 질적 향상을 이끌어내야 한다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2023

본 연구는 안전하고 접근과 이용에 불편함이 없도록 학교시설만의 BF인증지표를 개발하기 위한 선행연구로써 평가항목을 도출하는데 목적을 가지고 평가항목 초안을 바탕으로 3회차에 걸친 델파이 조사를 진행하였다. 이를 위해 기존 BF인증지표의 내용분석과 사후 평가를 통해 문제점을 도출하여 학교시설의 BF인증 평가항목의 초안을 제시하였으며, 델파이 조사를 통해 각 평가항목별 적정성에 대해 검증을 실시하였다. 델파이조사는 BF 심사, 심의위원으로 활동하고 있는 대학교수, 건축사, 공무원, 인증기관담당자, 장애인단체 등 전문가 및 실무자 그룹으로 구성하여 리쿼드 7단계 척도를 통해 조사를 실시하였으며, 현 학교시설 BF평가항목에 대한 각 평가 항목별 의견을 수렴하여 최종 평가항목에 반영하였다. 델파이조사 결과, 기존의 8개의 평가항목을 제외한 총 75개의 평가항목을 유지항목으로, 12개의 평가항목에는 개선 검토항목으로 결정되었으며, 동시에 새롭게 제시된 추가검토가 필요한 15개의 항목들에 대해 평가항목으로 도출하였다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2011

The effects of different transient loading conditions on xylene removability and bacterial activity were evaluated in the polyurethane (PU) biofilter inoculated with Rhodococcus sp. EH831: BF1 (the control) was operated under continuous and constant loading ($200{\pm}50ppm$); BF2 under continuous and constant loading after a 2-week long-term shutdown; BF3 under discontinuous (8 h on/16 h off on weekdays and a 2 day-shutdown at weekends); and constant loading BF4 under discontinuous and high loading ($700{\pm}300ppm$); and BF5 under continuous and fluctuating loading (high loading for 8 h and low loading ($75{\pm}25ppm$) for 16 h on weekdays and low loading at weekends). Xylene removal efficiencies in the BF1, BF2, BF3, and BF5 were ranged 83-89%, indicating that 2-week long-term shutdown, intermittent or fluctuant loading condition did not significantly influence the biofilter performance. However, discontinuous and high load condition (BF4) caused to deteriorate xylene removability to 52%. Rhodococcus sp. EH831 could be maintained at $10^9{\sim}10^{10}CFU/g-dry$ PU under 5 kinds of loading conditions. The result of polymerase chain reaction-terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism showed that there was no significant change in bacterial community structures by different loading conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 1993

Feeding mode and evacuation pattern of 9 breast-fed(BF) infants and 22 formula-fed(FF) infants were monitored at 1, 2 and 3 months postpartum in Korea. The daily feeding volume to the BF infants was significantly less than that to the FF infants at 2 and 3 months postpartum. And the daily feeding voloume to the BF infants decreased significantly with age, whereas that to the FF infants increased significantly. These data indicated that the frequency of daily feeding decreased with age in bofy infants' intake per feeding increased whereas the BF infants' did not. As a result, the BF infants could not adjust their intakes. The frequency of daily evactation of the BF infants was higher than that of the FF infants, but the amount of daily evacuation of the BF infants was less than that of the FF infants.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Novel push-pull chromophores containing 5’-(4-(bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)aniline (bisDMFA) as a donor and phenylazo-methylpyrrolyl-boron difluoride (PhAPy-BF₂) as an acceptor were designed and synthesized by the Knoevenagel condensation reaction for organic solar cells. Various electron withdrawing moieties were effectively introduced using 2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole to afford new asymmetric BF₂-azopyrrole molecules that were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 1993

Korean breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants(n=31) were studied at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months to compare their intakes of energy, protein, lipid and lactose. Formulas had more energy, protein and lipid than breast milk, but the former had less lactose than the latter. The milk consumption of the FF infants was, however, greater than that of the BF infants with wide individual variation. As a result, the FF infants took in more energy, protein and lipid than the BF infants except lactose. The total daily caloric intakes(kcal/day) of the BF infants were 521.418 and 425 at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively, and those of the FF infants were 676.752 and 723(at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively). Daily protein intakes(g/days) of the BF infants were 9.5, 8.0 and 7.6 at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively, and those of the FF infants were 13.9, 15.5 and 14.8(at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively). The energy and protein of both the BF and the FF infants were deficient compared to the present Recommended Nutrient Allowances, and the deficiency of the BF infants was greater than that of the FF infants. But the energy intakes per kg of body weight of the FF infants at their age of 1 and 2 months were more than the present recommended energy allowances. And the protein intake per kg of body weight of the FF infant at the age of 1 month was the same as the present recommended protein allowances.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2007

메밀 함량이 높은 국수 개발 및 메밀 원료에서부터 제품에 이르기까지의 영양적 가치와 기능성에 대한 과학적 연구를 위해서 메밀가루 및 메밀가루 혼합분에 대해서 반죽 특성과 생리활성을 조사하였다. 아밀로그래프 및 파리노그래프를 사용한 리올로지특성은 호화온도와 최고 점도는 B1에 비하여 메밀 혼합분에서는 낮아졌고, 파리노그래프 측정 결과 B1이 $BF1\simBF4$에 비하여 수분 흡수율은 낮게 나타났으며 반죽형성시간은 BF2에서 9.2분으로 가장 길었다. 메밀 혼합분 에탄올 추출물의 MNNG$(0.4{\mu}g/plate)$에 대한 항돌연변이 효과에서 S. Typhimurium TA100 균주에 대해 B1, BF4 및 BF3의 추출물은 시료농도 160 g/plate에서 각각 45%, 42% 및 37.3%의 돌연변이 억제효과를 나타내었다. 동일 시료 농도에서 4NQO(0.15 g/plate)에 대해서는 S. Typhimurium TA98과 TA100 균주에서 B1 추출물의 시료농도가 $160{\mu}g/plate$일 때 각각 64%와 44.3%의 가장 높은 억제활성을 나타내었다. 그리고 유방암세포에 대한 암세포 성장 억제활성을 검토한 결과, B1, BF4 및 BF3 추출물의 시료 농도 1 mg/mL에서 67.9%, 63% 및 59%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 동일시료 농도에서 간암세포의 경우 B1에서 72.6%, 위암세포의 경우 모든 시료에서 70% 이상의 암세포 성장 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 BF3의 경우 81.1%의 높은 억제효과를 보였다. 폐암세포와 자궁암세포에서는 60% 이상의 암세포 성장억제 효과를 나타내었다.