• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.500-506
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• 2024

The transparent electrode characteristics of the SnO₂/AgNi/SnO₂ (OMO) multilayer structures prepared by sputtering were investigated according to the annealing temperature. Ni-doped Ag of various compositions was selected as the metal layer and heat treatment was performed at 100~300℃ to evaluate the thermal stability of the metals. The manufactured OMO multilayer structures were heat treated for 6 hours at 400~600℃ in an N₂ atmosphere. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the OMO structures before and after annealing were evaluated and analyzed using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, 4-point probe, XPS, FE-SEM, etc. OMO with Ni-doped Ag shows improved performance due to the reduction of structural defects of Ag during annealing, but OMO structure with pure Ag shows degradation characteristics due to Ag diffusion into the oxide layer during high-temperature annealing. The figure of merit (FOM) of SnO₂/Ag/SnO₂ was highest at room temperature and gradually decreased as the heat treatment temperature increased. On the other hand, the FOM value of SnO₂/AgNi/SnO₂ mostly showed its maximum value at high temperature(~550℃). In particular, the FOM value of SnO₂/Ag-Ni (3.2 at%)/SnO₂ was estimated to be approximately 2.38×10^-2 Ω^-1. Compared to transparent electrodes made of other similar materials, the FOM value of the SnO₂/Ag-Ni (3.2 at%)/SnO₂ multilayer structure is competitive and is expected to be used as an alternative transparent conductive electrode in various devices.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2022

In this study, we report the microstructure and characteristics of Ag-SnO₂-Bi₂O₃ contact materials using a controlled milling process with a subsequent compaction process. Using magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC), the milled Ag-SnO₂-Bi₂O₃ powders have been consolidated into bulk samples. The effects of the compaction conditions on the microstructure and characteristics have been investigated in detail. The nanoscale SnO₂ phase and microscale Bi2O3 phase are well-distributed homogeneously in the Ag matrix after the consolidation process. The successful consolidation of Ag-SnO₂-Bi₂O₃ contact materials was achieved by an MPC process with subsequent atmospheric sintering, after which the hardness and electrical conductivity of the Ag-SnO₂-Bi₂O₃ contact materials were found to be 62-75 HV and 52-63% IACS, respectively, which is related to the interfacial stability between the Ag matrix, the SnO₂ phase, and the Bi₂O₃ phase.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 1984

The effects of various supports on the activity and the selectivity for the ethylene oxidation was investigated over$ Ag/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ and $Ag/SnO_2$ by Auger, EPR spectroscopy and reaction studies. The results indicate that over $Ag/SnO_2$ catalyst O- chemisorbed on $SnO_2 $participates in the complete oxidation of ethylene lowering the selectivity for the formation of ethylene oxide.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2013

Well-distributed $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers were fabricated using a co-electrospinning method, which is set up with two coaxial capillaries. Their formation mechanisms were successfully demonstrated. The structural, morphological, and chemical compositional properties were investigated by field-emission scanning electron spectroscopy (FESEM), bright-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, to obtain well-distributed $SnO_2$ and Sn and $Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles in carbon nanofibers, the relative molar ratios of the Ag precursor to the Sn precursor including 7 wt% polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were controlled at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. The FESEM, bright-field TEM, XRD, and XPS results show that the nanoparticles consisting of $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ phases were in the range of ~4 nm-6 nm for sample A, ~5 nm-15 nm for sample B, ~9 nm-22 nm for sample C. In particular, for sample A, the nanoparticles were uniformly grown in the carbon nanofibers. Furthermore, when the amount of the Ag precursor and the Sn precursor was increased, the inorganic nanofibers consisting of the $SnO_2$-Sn-$Ag_3Sn$ nanoparticles were formed due to the decreased amount of the carbon nanofibers. Thus, well-distributed nanoparticles embedded in the carbon nanofibers were successfully synthesized at the optimum molar ratio (0.1) of the Ag precursor to the Sn precursor after calcination of $800^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.327-332
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• 2007

In a view point of environment, the advanced electric contact material without environmental load element such as cadmium has to be developed. Extensive studies have been carried out on $Ag-SnO_2$ electric contact material as a substitute of Ag-CdO contact materials. In the present study, powder metallurgy including compaction and sintering is introduced to solve the incomplete oxidation problems in manufacturing process of $Ag-SnO_2$ electrical contact material. The $Ag-SnO_2$ contact material, fabricated in this study, was actually set in an electric switchgear of which working voltage is 462V and current is between 25 and 40A, for the purpose of testing its performance. As a result, it exceeded the existing Ag-CdO contact materials in terminal-temperature ascent and main contact resistance.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2013

In this article, we present the effects of Ag doping and after-growth thermal annealing on the photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) behaviors of $SnO_2$ nanoparticles. $SnO_2$ nanoparticles of 4-7 nm size range containing different Ag contents were synthesized by hydrothermal process. It has been observed that the after-growth thermal annealing process enhances the crystallite size and stabilizes the TL emissions of $SnO_2$ nanostructures. Incorporated Ag probably occupies the interstitial sites of the $SnO_2$ lattice, affecting drastically their emission behaviors on thermal annealing. Both the TL response and dose-linearity of the $SnO_2$ nanoparticles improve on 1.0% Ag doping, and subsequent thermal annealing. However, a higher Ag content causes the formation of Ag clusters, reducing both the TL and PL responses of the nanoparticles.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

Ag-Cd alloy has been widely used as an electrical contact material, since Ag-Cd alloy has a good wear resistance and stable contact resistance. But nowadays Ag-Cd alloy is not considered as electrical contact material any more due to detrimental effect on environments. Currently, active researches are being performed on ($Ag-SnO_2$ and $Ag-SnO_{2}-In_{2}O_{3}$) as an alternative solution which can fix the remaining environmental problems. However, $In_{2}O_{3}$ is relatively expensive and Ag-Sn alloy has low wear resistance. Our recent research results show that Ag-X%Zn-Y%Sn has similar physical and chemical properties. In the present study, so we tried to change and to optimize the Zn oxide content to over 6 wt% and Sn oxide content with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt%. Results obtained from the experiments on the Ag-X%ZnO-Y%$SnO_2$ are discussed.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

In this study, Ag-functionalized SnO₂ nanowires are presented for NO₂ gas sensitive sensors at low temperatures (50℃). SnO₂ nanowires were synthesized using vapor-liquid-solid method, and Ag metal particles were functionalized on the surface of SnO₂ nanowires using flame chemical vapor deposition method. As a result of the sensing test about Ag-functionalized SnO₂ nanowires based sensor, the response (R_g/R_a) to 10 ppm NO₂ was 1.252 at 50℃. We believe that metal-functionalizing is a one of good way to increase the feasibility about semiconductor gas sensor.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

Thick film $H_2$ sensors were fabricated using $SnO_2$ loaded with $Ag_2O$ and $PtO_x$. The composition that gave the highest sensitivity for $H_2$ was in the weight% ratio of $SnO_2 : PtO_x : Ag_2O$ as 93 : 1 : 6. The nano-crystalline powders of $SnO_2$ synthesized by sol-gel method were screen printed with $Ag_2O$ and $PtO_x$ on alumina substrates. The fabricated sensors were tested against gases like $H_2$, $CH_4$, $C_3H_8$, $C_2H_5OH$ and $SO_2$. The composite material was found sensitive against $H_2$ at the working temperature $130^{\circ}C$, with minor interference of other gases. The $H_2$ gas as low as 100 ppm can be detected by the present fabricated sensors. It was found that the sensors based on $SnO_2-Ag_2O-PtO_x$ system exhibited the high performance, high selectivity and very short response time to $H_2$ at ppm level. These characteristics make the sensor to be a promising candidate for detecting low concentrations of $H_2$.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.347-352
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• 2002

A transparent dielectric of the $PbO-B_2O_3-SiO_2-A1_2O_3$ system which was a low melting glass has been used for PDP (Plasma Display Panel), but it has a problem which is a reaction to be occurred between a transparent dielectric layer and electrodes (Ag, ITO) after firing. This research was conducted for ion migration of $Ag^+\$ and $Sn^ {2+}$ during firing three different frits of low melting glass. The result showed that yellowing phenomena occurred through a chemical reaction between $Ag^+\$and $Sn^ {2+}$ at 550~58$0^{\circ}C$ for 20~60 min. In addition, it was confirmed that the migration of $Sn^{2+}$ from ITO electrode made a strong effect on the yellowing phenomena.