• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.561-568
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• 2009

In 21C, computer is having a powerful influence on every fields. As music field is no exception, the computer music is regarded as a next generation music. Especially the focus of 21st century's music is now moving from MIDI of 20th century to the Realtime interactive music in which computer is used as a practical instrument. Most european countries and America are doing a lot of research and performing these music. But in Korea, known as a fairly strong IT country, there is no enough perception of the importance of this new outcome of the new media era, and introduction of this music is slow as well. In this paper, we suggest the possibility of using the new way of composition by realtime interactive music in Korea. This can be a strong merit for Korean composers who want to use Korean instruments which were limited to be used as international instruments because of their restricted registers, techniques and so on.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.279-288
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• 2002

The appearance of Internet, the 5th medium which has succeeded newspaper, magazine, TV, radio, creates WEB MAGAZINE to overcome the restriction of space and time. This paper has conducted the contents and visual points of view in webmagazine. Through case study, the following and identify for the analysis of the webmagazine contents and visual format. Firstly, communiation at webmagazine is carried out at the user-centered atmosphere. Secondly, Even through an aesthetic is emphasized in the webmagazine, when web designer compose of the web site, it is necessary to find the proper methodology under the basis of users behavior Thirdly, Although webmagazine required the visual form, we should know that the evaluation of webmagazine should be implemented by users. Therefore, webmagazine should be designed by the user-centered layout.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2017

Background: Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed ginseng by the repeated heat treatment and fermentation of raw ginseng. The protective effect and mechanism of FBG on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Methods: The free radical scavenging activity of FBG was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In addition, the protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal damage was tested in rats. FBG was orally administered every day at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for 10 d, and a single dose of cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (7.5 mg/kg body weight) with 0.9% saline on the $4^{th}$ d. Results: The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of FBG ($IC_{50}=384{\mu}g/mL$) was stronger than that of raw ginseng. The improved DPPH radical-scavenging activity was mediated by the generation phenolic compounds. The decreased cell viability by cisplatin was recovered significantly after treatment with FBG in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the protective effect of FBG on cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage was investigated in rats. The decreased creatinine clearance levels, which are a reliable marker for renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats, were reduced to the normal level after the administration of FBG. Moreover, FBG showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage in rats through the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B/p65$, COX-2, and caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: These results collectively show that the therapeutic evidence for FBG ameliorates the nephrotoxicity via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

• IE interfaces
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2010

In the daily multi-reservoir operating problem, monthly storage targets can be used as principal operational guidelines. In this study, we tested the use of a simple back-propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to derive monthly storage guideline for daily Coordinated Multi-reservoir Operating Model (CoMOM) of the Han-River basin. This approach is based on the belief that the optimum solution of the daily CoMOM has a good performance, and the ANN model trained with the results of daily CoMOM would produce effective monthly operating guidelines. The optimum results of daily CoMOM is used as the training set for the back-propagation ANN model, which is designed to derive monthly reservoir storage targets in the basin. For the input patterns of the ANN model, we adopted the ratios of initial storage of each dam to the storage of Paldang dam, ratios of monthly expected inflow of each dam to the total inflow of the whole basin, ratios of monthly demand at each dam to the total demand of the whole basin, ratio of total storage of the whole basin to the active storage of Paldang dam, and the ratio of total inflow of the whole basin to the active storage of the whole basin. And the output pattern of ANN model is the optimal final storages that are generated by the daily CoMOM. Then, we analyzed the performance of the ANN model by using a real-time simulation procedure for the multi-reservoir system of the Han-river basin, assuming that historical inflows from October 1st, 2004 to June 30th, 2007 (except July, August, September) were occurred. The simulation results showed that by utilizing the monthly storage target provided by the ANN model, we could reduce the spillages, increase hydropower generation, and secure more water at the end of the planning horizon compared to the historical records.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-96
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• 2015

This paper deals with the annulment of the ICSID(International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes) arbitral award. The annulment of the ICSID is characterized by the fact that it can be made possible through the special committee of ICSID only. The annulment of the ICSID was constructed on the premise that it is not an appeal procedure. However in the initial period, it was strongly criticized as it allowed new trials or duplicated many of the functions of an appeal and it broke down the boundary between the two systems. Although the trend seemed to be corrected through its 2nd and 3rd generations, it was still criticized for functioning as a new trial. It is approaching its 4th generation. On the other hand, with the activation of investment agreement arbitration based on ICSID and FTA, a certain degree of consistency is required for the ICSID arbitralaward. Also, with the emphasis on the public features of the arbitration for the investment agreement, the necessity of an appeal system is presented. The ICSID Secretariat published the "Opinion on the Appeal Procedure" in 2004 but as the system was criticized as too early due to the cost allocation problem and others, its adoption of an appeal procedure has been delayed. This paper focuses on how the currently incomplete ICSID arbitration judgment annulment system shall be used. Although it is still hardto expect the quality and consistent arbitral award annulment in the ICSID, this paper suggests that the "annulment without the actual new trial" using the restricted authority of a special commission in a creative way shall be pursued rather than just the actual new trial with or without annulment, thus going back to the original concept of the ICSID arbitral award annulment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1988

This experiment was conducted to study the nature of gene effects for the leaf characters in flue-cured tobacco. The genetic populations were derived from crosses between NC 2326 and Mc Nair 373, and NC 628 and DG-72. The generation means experiment Included the Pl, P2. Fl, F2, Bl and B2, which were frown at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1984. Seedlings were transplanted to the field in a randomized block design with 3 replications. In each block, parental and Fl Plots contained 15 plants in a single row, F2, Bl and B2 plots being composed of 75 plant, in 5 rows. Leaf characters were measured of largest (middle leaf) and 5th leaf(top leaf) from the top after topping. Measurements of the length and width of leaf were obtained from the fresh the middle and top leaves, and weight of leaf, weight and width of midrib were from the satrap leaf after curing. Estimates of additive and dominance genetic variance were analyzed according to Gamble's biometrical model. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The additive gene effects were significant and larger than the dominance gene effects for all leaf and midrib characters in both stalk positions. 2. The dominance gene effects were significant for the length and width of leaf, and weight of midrib in the middle leaves. 3. The digenic epistatic effects were significant for the length and width of leaf in both stalk positions. 4. The additive gene effects were larger in the top than in the middle leaves and midrib characters.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.308-313
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• 1997

Ceftriaxone, an effective third generation cephalosporin with a wide range of antimicrobial activity, has become widely used by pediatricians for a variety of bacterial infections including meningitis. It has been associated with the development of sludge or stone in the gallbladder of some patients treated with this drug. Ceftriaxone associated biliary sludge has unusual acoustic characteristics and resembles gallstone. The sludge can cause symptoms such as cramping abdominal pain, and disappears after stopping ceftriaxone administration. Because of these seemingly confusing observations, it is important for the clinicians to recognize these findings that ceftriaxone treatment can cause. We report a case of ceftriaxone associated biliary sludge in Korean children. A 6-year-old girl who was treated for meningitis with ceftriaxone (100mg/kg/day) developed cramping upper abdominal pain from 5th hospital day. Physical examination, liver function tests and X-ray revealed no specific abnormal findings. But abdominal ultrasound revealed high amplitude echogenic sludge with prominent post-acoustic shadow in gallbladder and its diameter was 1.5cm. We stopped ceftriaxone administration and tried conservative care. Abdominal cramping pain subsided after 3 days of ceftriaxone removal. Second abdominal ultrasound confirmed the disappearance of sludge at 3 weeks later.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 1999

At Present, 200mm wafer technology is being applied for commercial fabrications of 64, 128, and 256 M DRAM devices, and 300mm technology will be evolved for 1G DRAM devices in the early 21th century, recognizing limitations of several process technologies. In particular recognition has been realized in harmful effects of surface contamination of trace metals introduced during devicing processes. Such a guide line for surface metal contamination has been proposed as 1E9 and 1E10 atoms/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of individual metal contamination for wafering and devicing of 1G DRAM, respectively, and so its measurement limit should be at least 1E8 atoms/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The detection limit of present measurement systems is 2E9 atoms/$\textrm{cm}^2$ obtainable with TRXFA(Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis). TRXFA is nondestructive and the simplest in terms of operation, and it maps the whole wafer surfaces but needs detection improvement. X-Ray intensity produced with synchrotron accelerator is much higher than that of conventional X-ray sources by order of 4-5 magnitudes. Hence theoretically its reactivity with silicon surfaces is expected to be much higher than the conventional one, realizing improvement of detection limit. X-ray produced with synchrotron accelerator is illuminated at a very low angle with silicon wafer surfaces such as 0.1 degree and reflects totally. Hence informations only from surface can be collected and utilized without overlapping with bulk informations. This study shows the total reflection phenomenon and quantitative improvement of detection limit for metallic contamination. It is confirmed that synchrotron X-ray can be a very promising alternative for realizing improvement of detection limit for the next generation devices.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2001

A new extended-spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ with an isoelectric point (pl) of 6.2 was detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae Fl 61 that was isolated from a patient with infection. This strain was highly resistant to the third or fourth generation cephalosporins such as cceftazidime ceftriaxone, cefoperzaone, and cefpirome. Analysis of this strain by the double disk diffusion test showed synergies between amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMX-CA) and cefotaxime, and AMX-CA and aztreonam, which suggested that this strain produced a extended-spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ (ESBL). Cenetic analysis revealed that the resistance was due to the presence of a 9.4-kb plasmic, designated as pkpl 61, encoding for new ${\beta}-lactamase$ gene (bla). Sequence analysis showed that a new bla gene of pkpl 61 differed from $bla_{TEM-1}$ by three mutations leading to the following amino acid substitutions: $Val_{84}{\rightarrow}lie,{\;}Ala_{184}{\rightarrow}Val,{\;}and{\;}Gly_{238}{\rightarrow}Ser$. These mutations have not been reported previously in the TIM type ${\beta}-lactamases$ produced by clinical strains. The novel ${\beta}-lactamase$ was overexpressed in E. coli and purified by ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose, and then further purified by gel filtration on Sehadex G-200. The catalytic activity of th8 purified ${\beta}-lactamase$ was confirmed by the nitrocefin disk.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

This study investigated the effects of self-esteem on the depression of baby boomer and eco-boomer generation (the children of baby boomers) living alone. It was identified from the point of view of comparison between the two groups. Using the 15th data of the 2020 Korea Welfare Panel, an independent sample t-test and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted with the data of baby boomers who live alone (born in 1955-1963) and eco-boomers who live alone (born in 1979-1992). The results of this study show that baby boomers who live alone had lower levels of education, income, and health condition than the eco-boomers who live alone, and had higher level of depression, but relatively lower level of self-esteem. In both groups, self-esteem had an effect on depression, but it was confirmed that the influence was greater in the group of baby boomers (Adjusted R2 .259) than in eco-boomers (Adjusted R2 .083). Based on the results of this study, practical and policy alternatives were suggested to prevent the depression among middle-aged, elderly people, and young adults who live alone.