• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.250-254
• /
• 1995

Isolated barley aleurone layers were used to examine response of (1-3)- and $(1-3,1-4)-{\beta}-glucanases{\;}to{\;}GA_3$. Protein content and levels of (1-3)- and $(1-3,1-4)-{\beta}-glucanases$ increased in the presense of added $GA_3$. However, (1-3)- and $(1-3,1-4)-{\beta}-glucanases$ showed different response to $GA_3$ in their production and secretion patterns. $(1-3,1-4)-{\beta}-glucanases$ showed higher increase in enzyme activity than $(1-3)-{\beta}-glucanase$ in the early stage of$GA_3$treatment. Secretion of enzyme by $GA_3$ into the surrounding medium was more enhanced in $(1-3,1-4)-{\beta}-glucanases$ than in $(1-3)-{\beta}-glucanase$, The differential response of the enzymes might be related to the physiological role of the enzymes in germination of barley grain.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 1996

A mixture of sterols containing ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and stigmasterol (1), and sterol glycosides containing $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ stigmasterol (2) were isolated from the leaves of Gynura procumbens. After acetylation of 2 with pyridine-acetic anhydride, $3-0-{\beta}-D-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl$ ${\beta}>-sitosterol$ (3) was isolated.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.119-123
• /
• 1991

${\beta}-Adrenoceptor$ binding study of ${\beta}-agonist$ ((-)NE), ${\beta}-antagonists$ $(({\pm})\;propranolol,\;labetalol)$ and PDE inhibitors (imazodan, KR-30045, KR-30075 etc.) was performed using $(-)-[^3H]-DHA$, as a $non-{\beta}_1/{\beta}_2$ selective radioligand. In saturation studies, $K_d$ and $B_{max}$ of $(-)-[^3H]-DHA$ to ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ in rat left ventricle in which both ${\beta}_1$ and ${\beta}_2$ receptors coexist were determined to be $1.5{\pm}0.43\;nM$ and $22.0{\pm}0.9\;fmol/mg$ protein, respectively. $({\pm})Propranolol$, labetalol and (-)NE competed for $(-)-[^3H]-DHA$ binding sites in an essentialy monophasic manner with $Ki=17.0{\pm}0.40\;nM,\;57.3{\pm}1.30\;nM,\;and\;1.57{\pm}0.95\;{\mu}M$, respectively. All of PDE inhibitors inhibited the $(-)-[^3H]-DHA$ binding by only below 10% even at the high concentration of $10^{-3}M$. The present results suggest that propranolol, labetalol and NE are $non-{\beta}_1/{\beta}_2$ selective antagonists and agonist, respectively. Additionally, this study shows that imazodan and new synthesized PDE inhibitors may hardly have the affinities to ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ in cardiac muscle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.411-416
• /
• 1996

Supercritical fluid extraction of ${\beta}$-carotene from carrot was optimized to maximize ${\beta}$-carotene (Y) extraction yield. A central composite design involving extraction pressure ($X_1$ 200-,100 bar), temperature ($X_2,\;35-51^{\circ}C$) and time ($X_1$$ 60-200min) was used. Three independent factors ($X_1,\;X_2,\;X_3$) were chosen to determine their effects on the various responses and the function was expressed in terms of a quadratic polynomial equation,$Y={\beta}_0+{\beta}_1X_1+{\beta}_2X_2+{\beta}_3X_3+{\beta}_11X_12+{\beta}_22X_3^2+{\beta}_-12X_1X_2+{\beta}_12X_1X_2+{\beta}_13X_1X_3+{\beta}_23X_2X_3,$ which measures the linear, quadratic and interaction effects. Extraction yields of ${\beta}$-carotene were affected by pressure, time and temperature in the decreasing order, and linear effect of tenter point (${\beta}_11$) and pressure (${\beta}_1$) were significant at a level of 0.001(${\alpha}$). Based on the analysis of variance, the model fitted for ${\beta}_11$-carotene (Y) was significant at 5% confidence level and the coefficient of determination was 0.938. According to the response surface of ${\beta}$-carotene by cannoical analysis, the stationary point for quantitatively dependent variable (Y) was found to be the maximum point for extraction yield. Response area for ${\beta}$-carotene (Y) in terms of interesting region was estimated over $10,611{\mu}g$ Per 100 g raw carrot under extraction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 1999

As one of the serial studies on the specific and indigenous plants of Mt. Chiri the constituents of aerial part from filipendula formosa (Rosaceae) were investigated. From of the MeOH extract, five flavonol glycosides, kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside, querecetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-$\alpha$-Lrhamopyranosyl (1 6)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 6)-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside and quercetin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosy-3-O-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside were isolated by column chromatographic separation using Amberlite XAD-2 and Sephadex LH-20, and identified physicochemical evidences (IR, FAB-Mass, $^1H,{\;}^{13}C-NMR$).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.334-339
• /
• 2000

The present study was carried out to evaluate biologically active components of the rhizomes of Sparganium stoloniferum and to supply the preliminary data for the chemotaxonomy and the medicinal application. Extraction and systematic fractionation of the rhizomes by column chromatography led to the isolation of six compounds from ethylacetate and n-butanol soluble fractions. Elucidation of the chemical structures of these compounds by physicochemical and apectral analysis demonstrated that compound I,II ,III,IV,V and Ⅵ were $\beta$-sitosterol, $\beta$-sitosterol-3-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranoside, 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, sorbose, 1-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8Z)-2-[(2(R)-hydroxyeicosanoyl)amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, and $\beta$-sitosterol-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.68-69
• /
• 2003

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of $\beta$-1,3 glucan and feed stimulants(BAISM) as a feed additive for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eight experimental diets supplemented with $\beta$-1,3 glucan and feed stimulants at 0%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 1.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 1.35%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70% of diets as a dry-matter(DM) basis were prepared. Three replicate groups of fish averaging 9.2 $\pm$ 0.1g (Mean $\pm$ SD) were randomly distributed in each aquarium as a group of 15 fish and fed one of eight experimental diets for seven weeks. After the feeding trial, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 1.90% diets had a higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency(FE), specific growth rate(SGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) than did fish fed 0%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70% (P<0.05). however, there was no significant difference among fish fed $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70%(P>0.05). and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90% diets had a higher peak value of CL(Chemiluminescence) and lysozyme activity, than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). These results indicated that dietary sipplementation of $\beta$-1, 3 glucan and Baism affected growth, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, Peak value of CL and Lysozyme activity, and the optimum dietary supplementation level of $\beta$-1, 3 glucan and Baism as a feed additive could be approximately $\beta$-1, 3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90% of diet in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.403-409
• /
• 1997

To obtain information on the accumulation of (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucans during kernel maturation, (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucan contents and (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities were determined in developing kernels of the two Korean cooking barley varieties, Neulssalbori and Saessalbori. (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-Glucan contents in kernels at 5 and 10 days after anthesis(DAA) were very low and the contents increased rapidly in kernels at 15 to 25 DAA. (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-Glucan content in kernels at harvest was about 3.5 to 4% of kernel dry matter. (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-Glucanase activities were relatively higher in younger kernels but the levels of the activity were very low compared with those in germinating kernels. A significant negative correlation was observed between (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucan contents and (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activities. Low levels of (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanase activites in kernels at 15 to 30 DAA, however, may indicate that (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucanases have little effect on the final content of (1-3, 1-4)-$\beta$-glucans in barley kernels. Starch contents and $\alpha$-amylase activities were also determined in developing barley kernels. Starch contents increased rapidly as kernels matured and the content at harvest was about 60% of kernel dry matter. Relativley higher levels of $\alpha$-amylase activities in kernels at the earlier developmental stage decreased rapidly as kernels matured.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 2010

In present study, classification and quality control of Genus Polygonatum were developed using the isolated from Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and Polygonati Rhizoma. 3 components were isolated from Butanol fractions of Polygonati Rhizoma, and 2 components were isolated from Hexane and Butanol fractions of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma. All the components were obtained using silica gel and ODS column chromatography. The compounds were identified as adenosine, 14-hydroxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, 22-O-methyl-14-hydrocxyfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-Dgalactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, ${\beta}$-Sitosteryl-3-O-${\beta}$-D-D-glucopyranoside, 14-hydoxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-Dglucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-[${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}3$)]-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside through physicochemical data, spectroscopic methods ($^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, Mass) according references. The quality control of genus Polygonatum were conducted using HPLC quantitative analysis of 14-hydroxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\beta}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, 14-hydoxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-[${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}3$)]-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside in 30 samples collected throughout Korea and China. This method provided a tool for standardization of mix or misusing the commercial Odorati Rhizoma and Polygonati Rhizoma. As a result, contained quantity of 14-hydroxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-26-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside was measured $0.008{\pm}0.006%$ and 14-hydoxylfurost-5-ene-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-O-[${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl-(13)]-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-O-${\beta}$-Dgalactopyranoside was measured $0.026{\pm}0.012%$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.423-427
• /
• 1999

A study was carried out to evaluate flavonol glycosides in leaves of Symplocarpus renifolius (Araceae). From the water fraction of the MeOH extract, three new flavonol glycosides were isolated along with three known compounds, Kaempferol-3-O-$\beta$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosy-1-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, and caffeic acid. The structures of the new flavonol glycosides were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses a quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 2)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosdie, and quercetin-3-O$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\beta$-D-glycopyranosyl-7-O-($6^{IIII}$-trans-caffeoyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside.