• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-316
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• 1993

The structures of dioscin(1) and saponin P-d(2), isolated from the subterranean part of Allium fistulosum, were determined as diosgenin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1longrightarrow2)-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1longrightarrow4)]-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (1, ) and diosgenin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1longrightarrow4)-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1longrightarrow4)［$\alpha$-L-rhamno-pyranosyl (1longrightarrow2)]-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (2) by spectroscopic and chemical degradational methods. The prosa-pogenin(4), which was provided on partial hydrolysis of 2, was not reported in previous literature.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1989

From the roots of Puisatiila koreana, three monodesmosides(pulsatilla saponins A, B and D) and two bisdesmosides(pulsatilla saponins F and H) were isolated. The structure of these saponins have been determined as hederagenin 3-O-${\beta}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\to}2$)- ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(A), hederagenin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyrano syl($1{\to}4$) - ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(B), hederagenin 3-O- ${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl ($1{\to}2$)-[${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\to}4$]-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranoside(D), 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\to}2$)-{${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyrano syl($1{\to}4$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyrano syl($1{\to}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyI ester (F) and 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\to}2$)-[${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\to}4$)]- ${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-${\alpha}$-L-lharnnopyranosyl($1{\to}4$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl($1{\to}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucop yranosyl ester(H) on the basis of chemical and spectral studies. Pulsatilla saponin B is the first report of its presence in plants but saponins A, D, F, and H have recently been isolated from the same genus p. cernua.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 1993

3 $Tocotrienol-{\alpha}-,\;{\gamma}-\;and\;{\delta}-tocotrienol-from$from latex(Hevea Brasiliensis) were isolated and the oily tocotrienol concentrates obtained. To isolate tocotrienols, the fractionation by semipreparative HPLC of the unsaponifiable fraction in the raw lipid extract from latex was carried out. By this method, the total content of tocotrienols in latex was ca. 400 ppm, and the purities of ${\alpha}-,\;{\gamma}-\;and\;{\delta}-tocotrienol$ were 98.3, 99.3 and 96.2%, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2002

The compositions of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum boreale and C. indicum by steam distillation were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Ninty-four components were identified in the essential oil from C. boreale, with camphor (15.40% as GC peak area), cir-chrysanthenol (14.11%), ${\alpha}-thujone$ (13.27%), 1,8-cineole (4.16%), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (3.80%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (3.58%), gremacrene D (2.69%), camphene (2.40%), umbellulone (2.24%) and ${\beta}-pinene$ (2.00%) as the major constituents. In the oil from C. indicum, the major constituents among 80 components identified were germacrene D (16.50%), camphor (10.04%), ${\alpha}-thujone$ (6.40%), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (4.50%), ${\alpha}-cadinol$ (3.97%), camphene (3.82%), ${\beta}-pinene$ (3.67%), zingiberene (3.64%), cis-chrysanthenol (3.45%), piperitone (3.09%), 1,8-cineole (2.61%) and chrysanthenone (2.42%). The oil from C. boreale, although similar to that from C. indicum in many respects, contained proportionately higher levels of camphor, cis-chrysanthenol, ${\alpha}-thujone$, 1,8-cineole and umbellulone, while that from C. indicum contained higher levels of germacrene D, ${\beta}-caryophyllene$, ${\alpha}-cadinol$, zingiberene, cis-chrysanthenol and piperitone.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1999

Five compounds were isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia (Polygalaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic evidences, the structures of these compounds were characterized as ${\alpha}-D-(6-O-sinapoyl)-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2')-{\beta}-D-(3'-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranoside$ (P3), ${\alpha}$-D-{6-O-(p-methoxybenzoyl)}-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}2')$-${\beta}$-D-{3'-O-(3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoyl)}-fructofuranoside(P4), ${\alpha}$-D-{6-O-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)}-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}2')$-${\beta}$-D-{3'-O-(3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoyl)}-fructofuranoside(P5), ${\alpha}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2')-{\beta}-D-(1'-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranoside$(P6), $1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol$(P7) respectively. ${\alpha}$-D-{6-O-(p-Methoxybenzoyl)}-glucopyranosyl-$(1{\rightarrow}2')$-${\beta}$-D-{3'-O-(3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoyl)}-fructofuranoside(P4) and ${\alpha}-D-glucopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2')-{\beta}-D-(1'-O-sinapoyl)-fructofuranoside$(P6) were isolated for the first time from the genus of Polygala. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol(P7) was isolated without hydrolysis for the first time from the root of Polygala tenuifolia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2007

Twelve epoxy and hydroxydiosgenin derivatives (DI-1${\sim}$DI-12) were synthesized from diosgenin (25(R)-5-spirosten-3${\beta}$-ol). Diosgenin was epoxidized with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) to oxidize 25(R)-4${\alpha}$,5${\alpha}$-epoxyspirostane (DI-1). Diosgenin was reacted with DDQ to form 25(R)-1,4,6-spirostatrien-3-one (DI-2), which was treated with 30% H$_2$O$_2$ to give 25(R)-1${\alpha}$,2${\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-spirostadien-3-one (DI-3) and treated with mCPBA to form 25(R)-6${\alpha}$,7${\alpha}$-epoxy-1,4-spirostadien-3-one (DI-7), respectively. DI-3 was reduced with NaBH$_4$ to afford 25(R) -1${\alpha}$,2 ${\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-spirostadien-3${\beta}$-ol(DI-4) and reacted with Li metal in absolute ethanol to form 25(R)-2-ethoxy-1,4,6-spirostatrien-3-one (DI-5). DI-7 was reduced with NaBH$_4$ to produce 25(R)-3${\beta}$,7${\alpha}$-dihydroxy-4-spirostene (DI-8) and treated with Li metal in liquid ammonia to produce 25(R)-7${\alpha}$-hydroxy-4-spirosten-3-one (DI-9). DI-2 was reduced with NaBH$_4$ to form 25(R) -4,6-spirestadien-3${\beta}$-ol(DI-10), which was stirred with 30% H$_2$O$_2$ to synthesize 25(R)-4,6-spirostadien-3-one (DI-11) and reacted with mCPBA to give 25(R)-4${\beta}$,5${\beta}$ -epoxy-6-spirosten-3${\beta}$-ol (DI-12), respectively. The antinociceptive effects of synthesiz ed compounds were measured by hot plate method and compound DI-7 signifcantly exhibited antinociceptive effect. DI-2 decreased the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in poloxamer P-407 injected rat.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 1998

$\alpha$-$Fe_2O_3$ fine powders with the sizes smaller than 0.5 $\mu \textrm{m}$ were prepared by the solvolysis and condensation reaction using iron(III) nitrate and ethanol as starting materials. The variation of pH and the change of FT-IR absorption peak were observed to study the reaction mechanism of iron(III) nitrate solution. In addition, the decomposition mechanism of the precipitated gel was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffractometer and FT-IR spectrometer. Scanning electron microscope and BET method were performed to analyze the effects of Iron (III) nitrate concentration and reaction temperature on the particle size of $\alpha$-$Fe_2O_3$ powders.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2006

Two new compounds 1'-(stigmast-11,20(21),25-trien 3$\alpha$,9$\alpha$-diolyl)-3'-(pimara-11,15-dien-3$\alpha$-olyl) glycerol (1) and stigmast-5-en-3$\alpha$,26-diol (2) along with known fatty acids n-hexacosanoic acid (3) and hexadecanoic acid (4), have been isolated from the methanol extract of rice hulls of Oryza sativa. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectral methods, viz; $^1H, ^{13}C, ^{13}C$-DEPT, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, $^1H-^{13}C$ HETCOR, HSQC and HMBC aided by IR, EIMS, FABMS and HRFABMS. Compound (1) showed inhibition to radish germination, growth of shoot and root length.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.368-372
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• 1974

Dark red extract of abdominal skin of Bombina Orientalis was separated and purified with TLC, PLC(preparative thin layer chromatography) and column chromatography. Through the physical and chemical properties, visible and infrared spectral characteristics the third major pigment was identified as ${\alpha}$-cryptoxanthin(3-hydoroxy-${\alpha}$-carotene)

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2015

${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ was synthesized by solvothermal synthesis using ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ seed, precursor of fine boehmite (Al(OOH)) or gibbsite ($Al(OH)_3$), and 1, 4-butanediol solvent. The seed content and precursor type were selected as variables in order to synthesize ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$. The formation time of ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ was reduced and the size of the particles was decreased with addition of the seed. When the seed content was increased, the size of the synthesized ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ was reduced. Morphologies of the as-synthesized ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ with ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ seed were polyhedron-shaped, while the shape was plate-like or polyhedral without the seed, depending on the additives or the average particle size of the boehmite precursor. The aggregation of as-synthesized ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ from boehmite was smaller than that from gibbsite. As-synthesized ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$, with 140 nm size, was obtained by using the seed and boehmite precursor.