• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2020

We performed high-resolution three-dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to study the interaction between the Earth's magnetosphere and a prolonged steady southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) (Bz = -2nT) and slow solar wind. The simulation results show that dayside magnetic reconnection continuously occurs at the subsolar region where the magnetosheath magnetic field is antiparallel to the geomagnetic field. The plasmoid developed on closed plasma sheet field lines. We found that the vortex was generated at the magnetic equator such as (X, Y) = (7.6, 8.9) R_E due to the viscous-like interaction, which was strengthened by dayside reconnection. The magnetic field and plasma properties clearly showed quasiperiodic variations with a period of 8-10 min across the vortex. Additionally, double twin parallel vorticity in the polar region was clearly seen. The peak value of the cross-polar cap potential fluctuated between 17 and 20 kV during the tail reconnection.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.692-698
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• 2010

본 연구는 중국 광동지방에서 민간에서 널리 사용되는 Kocat-D1의 항당뇨 효능을 확인하기 위하여 진행하였다. Kocat-D1의 포도당 흡수능 증가 활성을 지방구세포인 3T3-L1을 이용하여 측정해본 결과, 0.2 nM 인슐린(낮은 인슐린농도)만 투여한 대조군보다 0.2 nM 인슐린과 $100^{\circ}C$ 열수 추출물을 0.2 mg/mL의 농도로 같이 처리하였을 때 대조군보다 포도당 흡수능이 $165.0{\pm}0.7%$로 증가하였다. 8주령의 C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice를 정상대조군(normal control, db/+ mice 비처리군), 당뇨대조군(DM control, db/db mice 비처리군) 및 Kocat-D1군(db/db mice에 Kocat-D1 $100^{\circ}C$ 열수 추출물을 350 mg/kg/day로 투여한 군)으로 나누었다. 16주간의 처리 후 체중과 식이 섭취량은 Kocat-D1군이 당뇨대조군보다 감소하였다. Kocat-D1군의 혈당은 $14.7{\pm}1.4\;mmol/L$였으며 당뇨대조군($27.1{\pm}0.2\;mmol/L$)보다 유의적 수준으로 감소하였다. 인슐린 농도는 Kocat-D1 투여군이 $0.17{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$로 당뇨대조군의 $0.05{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$보다 증가하였다. 신장의 glomeruli 부분의 collagen 축적을 확인하기 위하여 periodic acid-shiff base(PAS)로 염색한 결과 Kocat-D1에서 PAS로 염색된 collagen 부분이 감소한 것을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2012

The performance of pure friction isolation system with respect to the frequency bandwidth of excitation and the predominant frequency is investigated. A set of earthquake ground motions (artificial as well as recorded [with different combinations of magnitude-distance and local site geology]) is considered for investigating effectiveness of pure friction isolators. The results indicate the performance of pure friction base isolated system does not only depend upon coefficient of friction and mass ratio but the stick-slip behaviour depends upon the frequency content of the excitation as well. Slippage prevails if the excitation frequency lies in a suitable frequency range. This range widens with increasing mass ratio. For larger mass ratios, the sliding effect is more pronounced and the maximum acceleration response is further reduced in the neighbourhood of frequency ratio (${\omega}/{\omega}_n$) of unity. The pure friction isolation system is effective in the case of broadband excitations only and that too, in the acceleration sensitive range of periods. The pure friction system is not effective for protection against narrow band motions for which the system response is quasi-periodic.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a time-varying modified minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detector for the detection of higher data rate signals in a multirate asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system which is signaled in a fast Rayleigh fading channel. The interference viewed by a higher data rate symbol will be periodic due to the presence of a lower data rate symbol which spans multiple higher data rate symbols. The detection is carried out on the basis of a modified MMSE criterion which incorporates differential detection and the ratio of channel coefficients in two consecutive observation intervals inherently compensating the fast variation of the channel due to fading. The numerical results obtained by the MMSE detector with time-varying detection show around 3 dB (M=2) and 6 dB (M=4) performance improvement at a BER of $10^{-3}$ in the AWGN channel, while introducing more computational complexity than the MMSE detector without time-varying detection. At a higher $E_b/N_0$, the proposed scheme can achieve a BER of approximately $10^{-3}$ in the presence of fast channel variation which is an improvement over other schemes.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.84-84
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• 2010

In this study, we report on the novel lithographic patterning method to fabricate organic-semiconductor devices based on photo and e-beam lithography with well-known silicon technology. The method is applied to fabricate pentacene-based organic field effect transistors. Owing to their solubility, sub-micron sized patterning of P3HT and PEDOT has been well established via micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) and inkjet printing techniques. Since the thermally deposited pentacene cannot be dissolved in solvents, other approach was done to fabricate pentacene FETs with a very short channel length (~30nm), or in-plane orientation of pentacene molecules by using nanometer-scale periodic groove patterns as an alignment layer for high-performance pentacene devices. Here, we introduce the atomic layer deposition of $Al_2O_3$ film on pentacene as a passivation layer. $Al_2O_3$ passivation layer on OTFTs has some advantages in preventing the penetration of water and oxygen and obtaining the long-term stability of electrical properties. AZ5214 and ma N-2402 were used as a photo and e-beam resist, respectively. A few micrometer sized lithography patterns were transferred by wet and dry etching processes. Finally, we fabricated sub-micron sized pentacene FETs and measured their electrical characteristics.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2019

Piezoelectric energy harvesting technology is attracting attention, as it can be used to convert more accessible mechanical energy resources to periodic electricity. Recent developments in the field of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are associated with nanocomposites made from inorganic piezoelectric nanomaterials and organic elastomers. Here, we used the $BaTiO_3$ nanoparticles and piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymeric matrix to fabricate the nanocomposites-based PEH to improve the output performance of PEHs. The piezoelectric nanocomposite is produced by dispersing the inorganic piezo-ceramic nanoparticles inside an organic piezo-polymer and subsequently spin-coat it onto a metal plate. The fabricated organic-inorganic piezoelectric nanocomposite-based PEH harvested the output voltage of ~1.5 V and current signals of ~90 nA under repeated mechanical pushings: these values are compared to those of energy devices made from non-piezoelectric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers and supported by a multiphysics simulation software.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2019

This paper presents the semi-analytical development of the dynamic instability behavior and the dynamic response of functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shallow shell panel subjected to different type of periodic axial compression. First, in prebuckling analysis, the stresses distribution within the panels are determined for respective loading type and these stresses are used to study the dynamic instability behavior and the dynamic response. The prebuckling stresses within the shell panel are the same as applied in-plane edge loading for the case of uniform and linearly varying loadings. However, this is not true for the case of parabolic loadings. The parabolic edge loading produces all the stresses (${\sigma}_{xx}$, ${\sigma}_{yy}$ and ${\tau}_{xy}$) within the FG cylindrical panel. These stresses are evaluated by minimizing the membrane energy via Ritz method. Using these stresses the partial differential equations of FG cylindrical panel are formulated by applying Hamilton's principal assuming higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and von-$K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ non-linearity. The non-linear governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of Mathieu-Hill equations via Galerkin's method. Bolotin method is adopted to trace the boundaries of instability regions. The linear and non-linear dynamic responses in stable and unstable region are plotted to know the characteristics of instability regions of FG cylindrical panel. Moreover, the non-linear frequency-amplitude responses are obtained using Incremental Harmonic Balance (IHB) method.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2023

Objectives: Epidemiological evidence linking long working hours and shift work to metabolic syndrome remains inadequate. We sought to evaluate the impact of reducing working hours on metabolic syndrome. Methods: We compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among male manual workers in a manufacturing company (N = 371) before and after the introduction of policy to reduce daily work hours from 10 to 8 hours. Components of metabolic syndrome were measured in periodic health examinations before the intervention, 6-9 months after, and 1.5-2 years after the intervention. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate changes in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Analyses were stratified by day work versus shift work. Results: The results showed a significantly decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome 6-9 months following the intervention in day workers (risk ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.88), but the benefit disappeared after 1.5-2 years. Shift workers showed a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome for the whole follow-up duration after the intervention, although the change was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Reducing working hours was associated with short-term improvement in metabolic syndrome in male manual workers.

• 멤브레인
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 분리막의 일반적 역세척 방법이 아닌 질소 역세척을 하면서, 4종의 탄소계 관형 세라믹 한오여곽막으로 제지공장의 방류수를 처리하였을 때 역세척 주기 및 막간압력차 (TMP), 유량의 영향과 최적운 전조건을 규명하였다. 역세척시간 (BT)을 40초로 고정하였고, 정상운전시간 (FT)은 4~32분, TMP는 $1.0~3.0kg_f/cm^2$ 유속은 0.53~1.09cm/s로 변화시켰다. 또한 최적조건은 무차원 투과선속 ($J/J_0$) 및 총과여부부피 ($V_T$) 막오염에 의한 저항 ($R_f$)의 측면에서 고찰하였다. 그 결과 최적 역세척주기는 BT/FT=0.083 (FT=8분)으로 가장 빈번한 역세척 BT/FT=0.167 (FT=4분) 보다 오히려 많은 총여과부피를 얻을수 있었다. 한편, TMP가 증가할수록 구동력의 증가로 보다 많은 $V_T$를 얻을 수 있었고, 유량이 증가할수록 발생한 난류의 영향으로 막오염은 감소되고 투과유속은 증가하여 많은 $V_T$를 얻을수 있었다. 오염물질 제거율은 탁도 95% 이상, 호학적 산소요구량 ($COD_{Cr}$)45~83%로 높았으나 총용존고형물 (TDS)의 경우 10% 이하로 낮았다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2013

집속 이온빔 장비는 나노크기의 패턴을 제작하는 한 방법이지만, 정밀한 제작은 쉽지 않다. 그러므로 집속 이온빔 장비로 샘플을 제작할 때 고려해야 하는 공정 조건을 정리하여 초보자도 샘플제작이 가능하도록 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 장비로 원하는 나노크기의 패턴을 제작하기 위해서 집속 이온빔 장비의 공정변수들을 최적화 하는 과정이 중요하다. 가공할 때 고려해야 하는 변수에는 빔 전류량(빔 크기)과 도즈(빔 지속시간)가 있다. 도즈를 결정한 후에 패턴을 제작하는데 걸리는 시간과 패턴의 크기를 고려하여 빔 전류량을 선택하면 된다. 여기서 도즈는 제작하려는 나노크기의 패턴의 금속 두께에 따라 결정이 된다. 이 논문에서 최적화한 1 pA의 빔 전류와 $0.1nC/{\mu}m^2$의 도즈의 공정조건에서 100 nm 두께의 금 박막 위에 타원형의 구멍을 정밀하게 제작할 수 있다.