• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.193-209
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• 1996

Paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic data have been obtained from the Cretaceous rocks (Yeongdong Group, volcanic rock, and intrusive rocks) which are exposed in the Yeongdong Basin. The characteristic remanent directions of these rocks, which are mainly carried by magnetite and hematite of single and pseudo-single domain sizes, are normally magnetized (Yeongdong Group: $D/I=29.6/59.0^{\circ}C$, k=75.7, ${\alpha}_{95}=3.3^{\circ}$, N=25 sites, paleopole at $198.0^{\circ}E$, $66.4^{\circ}N$, K=46.1, $A_{95}=4.3^{\circ}$; volcanic rock: $D/I=352.8/44.1^{\circ}$, k=44.2, ${\alpha}_{95}=18.8^{\circ}$, N=3 sites, paleopole at $340.0^{\circ}E$, $78.8^{\circ}N$, $K=49.8^{\circ}E$, $A_{95}=17.6^{\circ}$X>; intrusive rocks: $D/I=358.4/51.9^{\circ}C$, k=20.0, ${\alpha}_{95}=13.8^{\circ}$, N=7 sites, paleopole at $338.1^{\circ}E$, $86.8^{\circ}N$, K=13.5, $A_{95}=17.1^{\circ}$). The stepwise unfolding of the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) of the Yeongdong Group reveals that a maximum value of k is observed at 60% of unfolding with $D/I=13.0/58.6^{\circ}$ (k=124.62, ${\alpha}_{95}2.6^{\circ}$) indicating that the ChRM was aquired during ti1ting of the strata. This remagnetized ChRM in the sedimentary strata is due to acquisition of geomagnetic field direction at the time of formation of authigenic magnetic minerals, although it is not totally ruled out that the formation of authigenic magnetic minerals was affected indirect1y by the elevated temperature originated from the volcanic and intrusive rocks which intruded between Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.578-588
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper was to prove the January Effect and Efficiency of the KOSPI Market, and then suggest as a result. KOSPI data was divided into two of section, Before and After IMF Financial Crisis, and this paper utilized Market Capitalization of common stock to conduct a study. As the main findings of this result, in KOSPI 1st section(Before IMF Financial Crisis), this paper proved the January Effect and Size Effect for Small-capital stock. On the other hand, in KOSPI $2nd-{\alpha}$ & ${\beta}$ section(After IMF Financial Crisis), this paper couldn't prove the January Effect. And then, this paper couldn't prove the Efficient Market hypothesis in KOSPI 1st with January Effect, however, proved the weak efficient market in KOSPI 2nd(${\alpha}$ & ${\beta}$) without January Effect. Finally, this paper deducted implications and limitation as the results.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

This paper proposes a discrete logarithm algorithm that largely reduces execution times of Pollard's Rho and Brent's algorithm in obtaining ${\gamma}$ from ${\alpha}^{\gamma}{\equiv}{\beta}$(mod p). The proposed algorithm can be distinguished from the conventional Brent's algorithm by three major features: it sets an initial value as $x_0={\alpha}{\beta}$ in lieu of $x_0=1$; replaces $y=x_i$, ($i=2^k$) pointer with $y_j{\leftarrow}x_i$, ($i=2^k$, $1{\leq}j{\leq}10$) for a Queue the size 10; and detects collision of ${\beta}_{\gamma}$, ${\beta}_{{\gamma}^{\prime}}$, ${\beta}_{{\gamma}^{-1}}$ instead of ${\beta}_{\gamma}$. This Queue method has reduced the execution time of Pollard's Rho algorithm with $x_0=y_0=1$ by 65.02%, and that of Brent's algorithm with $x_0=1$ by 47.80%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1832-1842
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• 2007

Cytochrome P450 aromatase is responsible for the biosynthesis of estrogen. It is also responsible for the endogenous production of 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone), an anabolic androgen unique to pigs. Plasma concentrations of 19-nortestosterone are highest between two and four weeks after birth in male pigs. In the present study, the physiology of 19-nortestosterone was investigated by measuring the mRNA levels of steroidogenic enzymes, estrogen receptors and androgen receptor in the tissues of growing pigs. The expression of aromatase, 17${\alpha}$-hydroxylase and 3${\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the testes of male piglets increased between birth and two weeks of age, and then decreased progressively. Similar developmental expressional patterns were observed for 17${\alpha}$-hydroxylase and 3${\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovaries of female piglets, but without significant aromatase expression. The major form of aromatase expressed in the testes of piglets was identified as type I. Expression of estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ and -${\beta}$and androgen receptor genes was also detected in both testes and ovaries. A transient elevation of androgen receptor mRNA in male piglets at two weeks of age was also observed in testes. Significant expression of the androgen receptor gene, but not of estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ and -${\beta}$ genes, was also demonstrated in adipose tissue and muscle. We conclude that the observed increase in the testicular expression of aromatase in male pigs could account for the production of large amounts of 19-nortestosterone at between two and four weeks of age in males. Androgen receptor and 19-nortestosterone appeared to be important for testicular development and might contribute to sexual dimorphism in body composition and muscle development in juvenile pigs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1649-1654
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• 2016

Tea derived from the leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) is consumed worldwide. Green tea contains various components with specific health-promoting effects, and is believed to exert protective effects against diseases including cancer, diabetes and hepatitis, as well as obesity. Of the various tea components, the polyphenol catechins have been the subject of extensive investigation and among the catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate has the strongest bioactivity in most cases. Our research group has postulated that hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ are targets of green tea constituents including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate for their anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and anti-hepatitis effects, respectively. Published papers were reviewed to determine whether the observed changes in these factors can be correlated with anti-cancer effects of green tea. Two major action mechanisms of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate have been proposed; one associated with its anti-oxidative properties and the other with its pro-oxidative activity. When reactive oxygen species are assumed to be involved, our findings that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate downregulated hepatocyte nuclear factor-$4{\alpha}$, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ may explain the anti-cancer effect of green tea as well. However, further studies are required to elucidate which determinant directs (-)-epigallocatechin gallate action as an anti-oxidant or a pro-oxidant for favorable activity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3223-3228
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• 2016

Reports indicate that 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PGJ2) has anticancer activities, but its mechanisms of action have yet to be fully elucidated. We therefore investigated the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on the human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 (estrogen receptor $ER{\alpha}+/ER{\beta}+$) and MDA-MB-231 ($ER{\alpha}-/ER{\beta}+$). Cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays while apoptosis was determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining. ER expression was determined by Western blotting. Intracellular calcium was stained with Fluo-4 AM while intracellular caspase activities were detected with Caspase-$FLICA(R)$ and measured by flow cytometry. We showed that 15d-PGJ2 caused a significant increase in apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. $ER{\alpha}$ protein expression was reduced in treated MCF-7 cells but pre-incubation with the $ER{\alpha}$ inhibitor' ICI 182 780' did not affect the percentage of apoptotic cells. The expression of $ER{\beta}$ was unchanged in both cell lines. In addition, 15d-PGJ2 increased intracellular calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) staining and caspase 8, 9 and 3/7 activities. We therefore conclude that 15d-PGJ2 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis that is associated with an influx of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ with no involvement of ER signaling.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

Intermetallics of Fe-28%Al($Fe_3Al$) and Fe-28%Al-4%Cr($Fe_3Al-4Cr$) were oxidized at 1073, 1273 and 1473k in air for up to 17 days. The oxidation resistance of$Fe_3Al-4Cr$ was basically similar to or better than that of $Fe_3Al$. The oxide scales formed on $Fe_3Al$ consisted essentially of pure ${\alpha}-AL_2O_3$, while those formed on $Fe_3Al-4Cr$ consisted of ${\alpha}-AL_2O_3$ having dissolved iron and chromium ions. The preferential outward diffusion of substrate elements to form the outer oxide layer led to the formation of Kirkendall voids at the oxide-matrix interface. The scales formed on $Fe_3Al(-4Cr)$ were thin and dense up to 1273K, but they spalled easily at 1473K, accompanied by more weight gains.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.619-626
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• 2013

The design of PN(Pseudo Noise) sequences with good cross-correlation properties is important for many research areas in communication systems. In this paper we propose new family of binary sequences $S^r=\{Tr_1^m\{[Tr_m^n(a{\alpha}^t+{\alpha}^{dt})]^r\}{\mid}a{\in}GF(2^n),\;0{\leq}t<2^n-1\}$ composed of Gold-like sequences and find the value of cross-correlation function when $d=2^{n-1}(3{\cdot}2^m-1)$, where n=2k, gcd(r, $2^m-1$)=1. Also we analyze the linear span of $S^r$ for some special r. Proposed sequences are extension of Gold-like sequences and GMW-sequences.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2016

This was a methodological study that verified the validity and reliability by translating and modifying the Korean Version of LRM (leader rapport management) tool. This study verified the content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and convergent validity on 200 nurses working in general hospitals. The LRM tool was analyzed using a total of 3 factors (ego, autonomy, association) and 12 items. The reliability of this tool (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) was 0.83 to 0.86. The tool showed a high level of reliability and validity. The difference from preceding studies showed that the LRM is a measurement tool that considers multi-dimensional aspects, and it can provide the basic material of report management methods in diverse aspects for clinical nurse managers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 1989

The volatile components of nutmeg, cumin, cardamon, turmeric, coriander, clove, allspice, cassia, fennel, celery seed and black pepper, having a characteristic spicy aroma and being used as an ingradient of curry powder, were investigated. After steam distillation followed by extraction with diethyl ether: n-pentane(2:1, v/v) mixture, the volatile components were identified by capillary GC and GC/MS. As a result, following major compounds were identified. ${\alpha}-pinene(11.06%)$, ${\beta}-pinene(11.17%)$ and myristicin(19.98%) in nutmeg, cuminaldehyde(37.68%) in cumin, ${\alpha}-terpineol(47.33%)$ and 1, 8-cineol(20.56%) in cardamon, linalool(61.72%) in coriander, eugenol(63.63%) and eugenol acetate(20.59%) in clove, eugenol(80.12%) and methyl eugenol(10.85%) in allspice, cinnamaldehyde(82.29%) in cassia, anethole(79.92%) in fennel.