• 제목/요약/키워드: $17{\alpha}$

검색결과 2,153건 처리시간 0.029초

Determination of oestrone, $17{\alpha}$-and $17{\beta}$-oestradiol in bovine aqueous humor using gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

  • Zafar-Iqbal;Midgley, John-M;Watson, David-G
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.247-252
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    • 1997
  • Perfluorotolyl (PFT)-ether and perfluorotoly-trimethylsilyl (PFT-TMS) ether derivatives of oestrone, $17{\alpha}$- and $17{\beta}$oestradiol were prepared under phase transfer conditons. The former derivatives under negative ion chemical ionization conditions gave significant ions in the mass spectrometer but $17{\alpha}$- and $17{\beta}$ -oestradiol gave poor resolution. However, the PFT-TMS derivatives of 17.${\alpha}$- and$17{\beta}$-oestradiol showed good resolution. These derivatives were used for the analysis of oestrogens in bovine aqueous humour, vitreous humour and retina. The mean $({\pm}SEM)$ concentrations of oestrone in bovine aqueous humour (n=18), vitreous humour (n=18) and bovine retina (n=4) were $0.47{\pm}0.11$, $0.46{\pm}0.14$ and $1.10{\pm}0.24 ng.ml^{-1}$, respectively. $17{\alpha}$-Oestradiol was detected in 16 out of 18 samples of bovine aqueous humour and vitreous humour and the mean $({\pm}SEM)$ concentrations were $0.30{\pm}0.10$ and $0.08{\pm}0.02 ng.ml^{-1}$, respectively. The mean $({\pm}SEM)$ concentration of 17.betha.-oestradiol in aqueous humour (n=7) and vitreous homour (n=11) $0.83{\pm}0.26 ng ml^{-1}$ and $0.39{\pm}0.09 ng ml^-1$, respectively. In retina the concentrations of both steroids were below the detection limit.

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발효액중의 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-Dione의 정량법 (Quantitative Analysis of 1,4-Androstadiene-3,17-Dione in Fermentation Broth)

  • 이강만;배무
    • 약학회지
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.402-404
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    • 1987
  • Fermentation processes have been employed to produce 17-ketosteroids from sterol with chelator of Fe$^{2+}$ such as $\alpha$, ${\alpha}'$-dipyriyl. To analyze the products of sterol fermentation, we developed a simple TLC method without interference of the chelator $\alpha$, ${\alpha}'$-dipyridyl, using Ag$^+$ band on TLC plate.

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경주마 약물검사에서 testosterone 투여 여부표지자로서의 testosterone 대사체들에 대한 dehydroepiandrosterone의 비율 평가 (Evaluation of Testosterone Metabolites/Dehydroepiandrosterone As the Indicators of Testosterone Administration in Horse Doping)

  • 김진영;최만호;김상진;경진범;정봉철
    • 분석과학
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.190-195
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    • 1999
  • Testosterone cypionate (750 mg) 주사제를 말에 투여한 후 testosterone의 대사과정을 살펴보았다. 채취한 뇨에서의 추출물은 효소와 산에 의해 가수분해한 후 oxime-t-butyldimethylsilyl(oxime-TBDMS)의 형태로 유도체화하여 gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS)로 분석하였다. Testosterone의 체내 대사과정에서 생성되는 주요 대사체인 $5{\alpha}$-androstan-$3{\beta}$, $17{\alpha}$-diol, $5{\alpha}$-androstan-$3{\beta}$, $17{\beta}$-diol 그리고 $5{\alpha}$-androstan-$3{\beta}$-ol-17-one과 testosterone 및 DHEA의 구조는 표준물질과 질량스펙트럼을 비교하여 확인하였으며, 그들의 배설정도를 GC/MS의 selected ion monitoring (SIM) 방법으로 동시 분석하였다. 그 결과 본 실험방법에서 얻은 검정곡선은 정량 범위 내에서 직선성(r>0.984)을 나타내었고, 회수율은 86.3~94.7% 이었으며, 검출한계는 1~3 ppb 이었다. Testosterone의 배설정도는 주사제 투여 후 5일째 최고 농도에 이른 후 서서히 감소하였다. DHEA와 testosterone 및 그 대사체들의 비는 경주마 약물검사에서 testosterone의 투여 여부를 판단할 수 있는 방법으로 매우 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

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$3{\beta}$-치환 5-Androstene-17-Carboxamides 합성과 $5{\alpha}$-Reductase 저해 활성 (Synthesis and $5{\alpha}$-Reductase Inhibitory Activity of $3{\beta}$-Substituted 5-Androstene-17-Carboxamides)

  • 조익성;마은숙
    • 약학회지
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    • 제54권6호
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    • pp.466-473
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    • 2010
  • A series of $3{\beta}$-substituted 5-androstene-$17{\beta}$-carboxamides were synthesized from analogs of $3{\beta}$-hydroxy-5-androstene-$17{\beta}$-carboxylic acid (1) with tert-butylamine, N,N-diethylamine and 3-aminopyridine and some compounds were epoxidized with mCPBA. A rat prostate testosterone $5{\alpha}$-reductase inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds was assessed by radioimmunoassay using [1,2,6,7-3H]-testosterone as substrate. All synthesized compounds showed lower activity than finasteride and the N-(3-pyridino)-$3{\beta}$-carboxycarbonyloxy-5-androstene-$17{\beta}$-carboxamide (12) showed weak inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$: $2.4{\times}10^{-7}M$).

Fe-29%Ni-17%Co 저열팽창 합금의 피로 특성에 미치는 알파상의 영향 (Effects of Alpha Phase on the Fatigue Properties of Fe-29%Ni-17%Co Low Thermal Expansion Alloy)

  • 김민종;권진한;조규상;이기안
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.481-487
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    • 2014
  • The effect of alpha phase on the fatigue properties of Fe-29%Ni-17%Co low thermal expansion alloy was investigated. Two kinds of alloys (Base alloy and Alpha alloy) were prepared by controlling the minimal alloy composition. Microstructure observation, tensile, high-cycle fatigue, and low-cycle fatigue results were measured in this study. The Base alloy microstructure showed typical austenite ${\gamma}$ phase. Alpha alloy represented the dispersed phase in the austenite ${\gamma}$ matrix. As a result of tensile testing, Alpha alloy was found to have higher strengths (Y.S. & T.S.) and lower elongation compared to those of the Base alloy. High cycle fatigue results showed that Alpha alloy had a higher fatigue limit (360MPa) than that (330MPa) of the Base alloy. The Alpha alloy exhibited the superior high cycle fatigue property in all of the fatigue stress conditions. SEM fractography results showed that the alpha phase could act to effectively retard both fatigue crack initiation and crack propagation. In the case of low-cycle fatigue, the Base alloy had longer fatigue life in the high plastic strain amplitude region and the Alpha alloy showed better fatigue property only in the low plastic strain amplitude region. The fatigue deformation behavior of the Fe-29%Ni-17%Co alloy was also discussed as related with its microstructure.

Induction of Primary Male in Juvenile Red Spotted Grouper Epinephelus akaara by Immersion of $17{\alpha}$-Methyltestosterone

  • Lee, Chi-Hoon;Hur, Sang-Woo;Na, Oh-Soo;Baek, Hae-Ja;Noh, Choong-Hwan;Han, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Young-Don
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.127-131
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    • 2014
  • We investigated the androgenic effects of $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on gonadal sex reversal in juvenile red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. The fish were immersed in $17{\alpha}$-MT at 1 and 5 mg/L. Treatment method of $17{\alpha}$-MT was once weekly for 4 and 8 weeks. Fish were sampled at 12 months after end of the treatment period in order to histological analysis. At the initiation of an experiment (70 day after hatching), juvenile red spotted grouper have the paired primordial gonads with somatic cells bellow kidney in the posterior portion of the body cavity. Formation of ovarian cavity indicates that the ovarian differentiation beginning at 70 DAH in red spotted grouper. At 12 months after end of the treatment period, control group, $17{\alpha}$-MT 1 mg/L treatment group for 4 and 8 weeks, and $17{\alpha}$-MT 5 mg/L treatment group for 4 weeks were all female. However, sex-changed males without ovarian cavity were observed in the $17{\alpha}$-MT 5 mg/L treatment group for 8 weeks. In grouper, we firstly reported that the red spotted grouper be able to induce the primary males by hormone treatment prior to gonadal sex differentiation.

$17\alpha$-Methyltestosterone의 침적처리에 의한 나일틸라피아(Oreochromis niloticus)의 성전환 (Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by Immersion in a Solution of $17{\alpha}$-Methyltestosterone)

  • 노충환;남윤권;김동수
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.141-149
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    • 1996
  • 나일틸라피아, Oreochromis niloticus는 암컷에 비해 수컷의 성장이 빨라 전 수컷 종묘만을 생산하여 양식함으로서 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 나일틸라피아의 생산성 향상을 위한 유전 육종학적 연구의 일환으로 $17{\alpha}$-methyl-testosterone ($17{\alpha}-MT$)의 침적법에 의한 성전환연구로써 침적 처리에 따른 사망율 및 높은 수컷 유도를 위한 적정 처리 조건을 조사하였다. 부화 후 12일된 자어를 500 ppb의 농도에서 $0\~96$ 시간 침적 처리하고, $0\~2,000$ ppb 농도의 $17{\alpha}-MT$ 희석 용액에 24 시간 동안 침적 처리한 결과 사망율은 $1.7\~25.0\%$로 다양하게 나타났으나 처리 시간 및 처리 농도에 따른 사망률 변화의 경향은 보이지 않았다. 초기 성장율 조사 결과에서 부화 직후 개체의 전장은 $5.64{\pm}0.18$ mm 였으며 난황이 흡수되고 첫 먹이를 먹기 시작하는 부화 후 8일째에는 $9.76{\pm}0.25$ mm로 나타나 부화 후 20일까지의 조사기간에서 부화 직후부터 부화 8일까지의 기간이 가장 높은 성장율을 보였으며 그 이후 부터 전장 성장이 둔화되었다. 발생 과정에 따른 가장 효과적인 최초 처리 시간을 구하기 위하여 $17{\alpha}-MT$를 500 ppb 농도로 사육수에 희석하여 부화 직후부터 16일까지 그리고 부화 직후부터 20일까지 반복 실험한 결과 최초 처리 시간이 늦어질수록 수컷 유도율이 높아져 부화 후 12일째 처리군에서 수컷 유도율이 $86.4\%$로 가장 높게 나타났으며 이때의 전장은 $12.01{\pm}0.42$ mm였다. 부화 14일 이후 처리군에서 수컷 유도율이 감소하다가 부화 후 18일 및 20일째 처리군에서 다시 약간 증가하였다. 적정 호르몬 농도를 구하기 위하여 부화 12일된 자어를 대상으로 24시간 동안 침적 처리한 결과 모든 처리군에서 $80\%$ 이상의 수컷 유도율을 보였고 통계분석시 매우 유의하게 나타났으며(P<0.005), 500 ppb 처리군에서 수컷 유도율이 가장 유의하게 높았다($85.7\%$, p<0.001). 처리 시간에 따른 성전환율 결과에서 24시간 처리군에서 $85.2\%$의 가장 높은 수컷 유도율을 보였으며, 12, 18,30시간 처리군에서도 각각 $75.0\%,\;81.1\%,\;l84.0\%$로 나타났다. 따라서 $17{\alpha}-MT$의 침적 처리법에 의한 이 종의 성전환 연구에서 가장 효과적인 처리 조건은 부화 후 12일째 500 ppb 농도에서 24시간 처리하는 것으로 조사되었다.

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Synthesis of 2-(2-Fluorenyl)propanoic Acid

  • Choi, Hong-Dae;Geum, Dek-Hyun;Kowak, Young-Sil;Son, Byeng-Wha
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.17-20
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    • 1994
  • Friedel-Crafts reaction of fluorene with methyl ${\alpha}$-chloro-${\alpha}$-(methylthio)acetate 1 gave methyl $\alpha$-methylthio-2-fluoreneacetate 2. Cicloprofen 8, a potent antiinflammatory agent, was prepared by methylation of 2 followed by reductive desulfurization of methyl 2(2-fluorenyl)-2-(methylthio)propionate 6 and hydrolysis of methyl 2-(2-fluorenyl)propionate 7.

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Sequence to Structure Approach of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Ligand Interactions

  • Chamkasem, Aekkapot;Toniti, Waraphan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.2161-2166
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    • 2015
  • Estrogen receptors (ERs) are steroid receptors located in the cytoplasm and on the nuclear membrane. The sequence similarities of human $ER{\alpha}$, mouse $ER{\alpha}$, rat $ER{\alpha}$, dog $ER{\alpha}$, and cat $ER{\alpha}$ are above 90%, but structures of $ER{\alpha}$ may different among species. Estrogen can be agonist and antagonist depending on its target organs. This hormone play roles in several diseases including breast cancer. There are variety of the relative binding affinity (RBA) of ER and estrogen species in comparison to $17{\beta}-estradiol$ (E2), which is a natural ligand of both $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$. The RBA of the estrogen species are as following: diethyl stilbestrol (DES) > hexestrol > dienestrol > $17{\beta}-estradiol$ (E2) > 17- estradiol > moxestrol > estriol (E3) >4-OH estradiol > estrone-3-sulfate. Estrogen mimetic drugs, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), have been used as hormonal therapy for ER positive breast cancer and postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the postgenomic era, in silico models have become effective tools for modern drug discovery. These provide three dimensional structures of many transmembrane receptors and enzymes, which are important targets of de novo drug development. The estimated inhibition constants (Ki) from computational model have been used as a screening procedure before in vitro and in vivo studies.

YEp 13 vector를 이용한 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase gene의 cloning II. Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서의 발현 (Cloning of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase gene using YEp 13 as a vector II. Expression of cloned amylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

  • 김관필;서정훈
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.209-212
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    • 1986
  • YEp 13 plasmid에 B. amyloliquefaciens의 $\alpha$-amylase gene을 cloning시켜서 얻은 hybrid plasmid를 E. coli C 600으로 형질전환시켜서 amylase 활성을 나타내는 균주를 선별하였다. 선별된 E. coli C 600균주를 plasmid추출하여 전기영동해 본 결과 plasmid가 매우 불안정하였으며, 그중 가장 단순한 plasmid band를 지니고 있으며 amylase활성이 강한 E. coli균주를 선별하였다. 선별된 균주의 균체내에 있는 2개의 plasmid DNA를 분리하여 각각의 plasmid를 pTG 17-1, pTG 17-2로 명명하였으며 S. cerevisiae MC 16에서 형질전환이 가능한 pTG 17-2 DNA를 제한효소 EcoRI과 Pst I으로 restriction한 결과 EcoRI으로 처리한 경우는 7.3, 4.8, 2.4 kb인 3개의 분획으로 나타났으며 Pst I으로 처리한 경우는 linear로 14.5kb임을 알았으며 이로써 pTG 17-2 plasmid의 size가 약 14kb임을 알았다. 또한 E.coli균체내에서의 ampicillin sensitive로써 이 plasmid의 ampicillin resistance site가 결실되었음을 알았고 효모의 형진전환체로 부터의 $\alpha$-amylase는 균체외로 분비되지 않았고 효모균체내의 $\alpha$-amylase는 Somogyi-Nelson방법과 Agar diffusion 방법으로 확인하였다.

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