• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2007

To clone novel cry1-type genes from the Bacillus thuringiensis K1 isolate, about 2.4-kb-long PCR fragments were amplified with two primer sets of ATG1-F/N400-R and 1BeATG1-F/N400-R. Using PCR-RFLP, three novel cry1-type genes, cry1-1, cry1-7, and cry1-44, were obtained from B. thuringiensis K1 and the complete coding sequences of these novel genes were analyzed. The Cry1-1, Cry1-7, and Cry1-44 proteins showed maximum similarities of about 78.0%, 99.7%, and 91.0% with the Cry1Ha1, Cry1Be1, and Cry1Ac2 proteins, respectively. These novel cry1-type genes were expressed using a baculovirus expression vector system and their insecticidal activities were investigated. Whereas all three novel genes were toxic to Plutella xylostella larvae, only Cry1-1 showed insecticidal activity against Spodoptera exigua larvae.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.351-355
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• 2004

Saccharin derivatives were synthesized by means of 4 reaction steps involved the reaction of 1-methylurea (or 1-methylthiourea) and oxalyl chloride. 1-Alkyl(or phenyl)-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1$^{6}$ -benzo[d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione 5 and 1-alkyl(or phenyl)-2-thioxo- 3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1$^{6}$ -benzo-[d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-4,5-dione 12 were obtained by means of 4 reaction steps involved the reaction of 1-methyl-urea(or 1-methylthiourea) and oxalyl chloride.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 1996

The enzymatic properties for NADPH-P450 reductase domain of a fusion protein between human cytochrome P450 1A1 and rat NADPH-P450 reductase expressed in Escherichia coli were investigated. The fusion plasmid pCW/1A1OR-expressed E. coli membrane showed high NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity ($830.1\pm 85.8 nmol\cdot min^{-1}\cdot mg protein^{-1}$), while pCW control vector and P 450 1A1 expression vector pCW/1A1 showed relatively quite low activity ($4.35\pm 0.49, 3.27\pm 0.50 nmol\cdot min^{-1}\cdot mg protein^{-1}$, respectively). The kinetic curves for NADPH-cytochrome c reductase followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The $K_{max}$ and $V_{max}$ for NADPH-dependent reductase activity were $8.24\pm 2.61\mu $and $817.9\pm 60.8 nmol\cdot min^{-1}\cdot mg protein^{-1}$, respectively, whereas those for cytochrome c-dependent reductase activity were $19.97\pm 2.86\mu M$ and $1303.5\pm 67.1 nmol\cdot min^{-1}\cdot mg protein^{-1}$. The reductase activities were also compared with those of rat, porcine and human liver microsomes. The activity of pCW/ 1A1OR-expressed E. coli membrane was 15.2-fold higher than that of rat liver microsome. Treatment with benzo(a)pyrene, 7-ethoxyresorufin and $\alpha$-naphthofiavone which are known as specific substrates or inhibitor for human P450 1A1 increased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity of fusion protein in E. coli membrane dose-dependently. These results demonstrate that the membrane topology of fused enzyme may be important for activity of its NADPH-P450 reductase domain.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.454-457
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• 2004

Partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) is a powerful and indispensable detection scheme for perpendicular magnetic recording channels. The proposed method is a low complexity detection scheme which is related to the PRML system. The simulation results show that PR(1,2,3,4,3,2,1)ML and PR(l,2,3,3,2,1)ML using modulation encoding with R=2/3 have the most improved performance at K=3,4. However, in the case of K=3, R=2/3 PR(1,1,1,1)ML effectively reduces the complexity compared to PR(1,2,3,3,2,1), but it has L5dB performance degradation at most. In the case of K=4, R=l PR(1,2,2,1)ML has very low complexity compared to R=2/3 PR(l,2,3,4,3,2,1)ML. but it has about 2dB performance degradation at most.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2019

ARID1A and PGR plays an important role in embryo implantation and decidualization during early pregnancy. Uterine specific Arid1a knockout ($Pgr^{cre/+}Arid1a^{f/f}$) mice exhibit in non-receptive endometrium at day 3.5 of gestation (GD 3.5). In previous studies, using transcriptomic analysis in the uterus of $Pgr^{cre/+}Arid1a^{f/f}$ mice, we identified proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) as one of the down-regulated genes by ARID1A in the uterus. In the present study, we performed RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis to investigate the regulation of PRAP1 by ARID1A and determine expression patterns of PRAP1 in the uterus during early pregnancy. During early pregnancy, PRAP1 expression was strong at day 0.5 of gestation (GD 0.5) and then decreased at GD 3.5 in the epithelium and stroma. After implantation, PRAP1 expression was remarkably reduced in the uterus. However, the expression of PRAP1 at GD 3.5 was remarkably increased in the $Pgr^{cre/+}Arid1a^{f/f}$ mice. To determine the ovarian steroid hormone regulation of PRAP1, we examined the expression of PRAP1 in ovariectomized control, $Pgr^{cre/+}Arid1a^{f/f}$, and progesterone receptor knock-out (PRKO) mice treated with progesterone. While PRAP1 proteins were strongly expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelium of control mice treated with vehicle, progesterone treatment suppressed the expression of PRAP1. However, PRAP1 was not suppressed in both the $Pgr^{cre/+}Arid1a^{f/f}$ and PRKO mice compared to controls. Our results identified PRAP1 as a novel target of ARID1A and PGR in the murine uterus.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.9-16
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• 2021

In binary-modulation non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), there has been rare researches for the 1+1 capacity region to be achieved; how much total power is required and what power allocation is assigned for this total power. In this paper, the average total transmitted power to achieve 1+1 capacity region of binary pulse amplitude modulation (2PAM) NOMA is investigated, with a tolerable loss. Then, based on the sufficient average total transmitted power, we calculate the power allocation coefficient to achieve 1+1 capacity region. Furthermore, it is shown by numerical results that with the tolerable loss less than 0.008, near 1+1 capacity region is achieved. We also calculate numerically the power allocation coefficient for both users to achieve near 1+1 capacity region. As a result, for 2PAM NOMA to operate near 1+1 capacity region, proper total power with appropriate power allocation could be calculated in design of NOMA systems.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2018

This study was carried out for 20 days in a bio-drying batch reactor under the blowing conditions of 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and $1.50L/min{\cdot}kg$ in order to optimize the operating conditions for the bio-drying of food wastes. The decomposition rate of organic matter during the bio-drying operation period was analyzed using modified Gompertz model. The maximum organic degradation (P) was 2.31, 2.52, 2.27 and 1.88 kg at air flow rates of 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and $1.50L/min{\cdot}kg$, and the maximum organic degradation rate was 0.33, 0.45, 0.28, and 0.18 kg/day at 1.00, 1.25 and $1.50L/min{\cdot}kg$, respectively, showing excellent organic decomposition efficiency at a air flow rate of $1.00L/min{\cdot}kg$. The lag growth phase time (${\lambda}$) of the bio-drying reactor was 2.10, 1.48, 1.15, and 1.06 days at 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and $1.50L/min{\cdot}kg$, respectively. The water removal rate in the operation of bio-drying reactor of food waste increased with the increase of air flow rate from the early stage of bio-drying to the middle stage, and the highest water removal rate was observed at the air flow rate of $1.00L/min{\cdot}kg$ at the end of bio-drying. The optimum air flow rate condition of bio-drying reactor was $1.00L/min{\cdot}kg$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 2003

1-Methyl-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ$^6$-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones 5a, 1-ethy1-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-lλ$^6$/-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones 5b 1-phenyl-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ$^6$-benzo [d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones 5c were obtained by means of 4 reaction steps involved the reaction of 1-methyl-urea and oxalyl chloride. Biological tests(Plant Response Screening Result, Insect Primary Screening Result and Fungicide Primary Screening Result) of synthesized sacccarin derivatives were executed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.643-653
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• 2018

This study was investigated the mechanism of action of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on the metabolic partitioning of blood glycerolipids by in vivo monitoring technique in hyperlipidemic animal model rats. The ratio of cholesteryl 14C-oleate metabolized in the liver of total glycerolipids was lower in the order of n-6/n-3 ratios of 4:1, 15:1, 30:1 and control group (p<0.05). The secretion amount of phospholipid was higher in the order of n-6/n-3 ratio 4:1, 15:1, 30:1 than the control (p<0.05). The secretion amount of triglyceride was lower in especially 4:1, in order of n-6/n-3 4:1, 15:1 and 30:1 compared with the control. The ratio of phospholipid partitioning to total glycerolipid was high in orfer of n-6/n-3 ratio 4:1, 15:1, 30:1 and control (p<0.05). The triacylglycerol partitioning (%) via liver was higher 72.97, 75.93, 78.12% in n-6/n-3 4;1, 15:1, 30:1, respectively than the control of 82.25%, according to increased n-6/n-3 (p<0.05). The phospholipid partitioning (%) was lower 25.15, 18.87, 18.15% in n-6/n-3 4;1, 15:1, 30:1, respectively, compared to control 11.04%, according to increased n-6/n-3 (p<0.05).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.718-725
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• 1996

Old newsprint was deinked with endoglucanase, exoglucanase and their various compositions from Trichoderma viride. The yield decreased with an increase in enzyme concentration. Especially, it was the lowest in the treatment of endo-exo mixture(1:1). It may be regarded as a synergistic actions of the cellulase components. The brightness was the highest in pulp deinked with endo-exo mixture(1:1). Maximum brightness was observed when 0.5mg/mL of the endo-exo mixture was used. The physical strength increased with increasing concentration in exoglucanase. But, it decrease with increasing concentration in endoglucanse and endo-exo mixture(1:1). Also, we investigated the yield, brightness and physical strength of endoglucanase in combination with exoclucanase(12:1, 8:1, 4:l, 1:1, 1:4, 1:8, 1:12). Maximal deinking conditions, obtained at a specific optimal ratio of endoglucanase to exoglucanse are as follow ; 12:1 for yield, 12:1 for brightness, 4:1 for tensile strength, 12:1 for bursting strength, and 8:1 for tearing strength. These results indicated that the deinking depended largely upon the action of endoglucanase. Exoglucanase was occupying more than 60% of the total crude cellulase contents. Therefore, the most effective deinking must repress the action of exoglucanase.