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ASE 및 SPE 복합정제법을 이용한 친환경농업토양의 다성분잔류농약 분석 (Pesticide Multiresidues Analysis of Environmental-friendly Agricultural Soils by the Complex Cleanup Method of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Solid Phase Extraction (SPE))

  • 문경미;박진우;이영근;최영환
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2011
  • 국내의 친환경농산물과 토양에서 자주 검출되는 농약 50성분을 선정하고, 경남지역의 친환경농산물 재배농지의 토양시료 40점을 대상으로, 가속용매추출법(accelerated solvent extraction)과 고상추출법(solid-phase extraction)의 복합처리법으로 정제하고 GC/ECD/NPD, HPLC/UV/FL, GC/MSD 및 HPLC/MSD를 이용한 분석법을 적용하여 잔류농약의 잔류실태를 조사하였다. 적용한 분석법에 의한 농약 회수율은 72~118%의 범위로 평균 95.5%이었고, CV(%)값 평균은 3.0%로 나타났다. 토양 40점 중 잔류농약 검출은 21점에서 20성분이 검출되었으며 검출토양의 농약별평균 검출량은 endosulfan 0.035, ethoprophos 0.043, chlorpyrifos 0.020, chlorfenapyr 0.023, flufenoxuron 0.047, fenvalerate 0.070, cypermethrin 0.266, lufenuron 0.016, bifenthrin 0.022, fenobucarb/BPMC 0.025, difenoconazole 0.043, fenarimol 0.059, kresoxim-methyl 0.020, tetraconazole 0.026, isoprothiolane 0.039, iprobenfos 0.017, nuarimol 0.014, fluquinconazole 0.156, tebuconazole 0.047 및 oxadiazon이 0.045 mg/kg으로 나타나서 친환경재배농지의 토양환경기준에 잔류농약의 설정이 시급하다고 판단되었다.

Heavy Metal(loid) Levels in Paddy Soils and Brown Rice in Korea

  • Kunhikrishnan, Anitha;Go, Woo-Ri;Park, Jin-Hee;Kim, Kwon-Rae;Kim, Hyuck-Soo;Kim, Kye-Hoon;Kim, Won-Il;Cho, Nam-Jun
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제48권5호
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    • pp.515-521
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    • 2015
  • There is an increasing concern over heavy metal(loid) contamination of soil in agricultural areas including paddy soils. This study was conducted to monitor the background levels of heavy metal(loid)s, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in major rice growing soils and its accumulation in brown rice in Korea. The samples were collected from 82 sites nationwide in the year 2012. The mean and range values of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in paddy soils were 4.41 (0.16-18.9), 0.25 (0.04-0.82), 13.24 (3.46-27.8), 0.047 (0.01-0.20), 13.60 (3.78-35.0), 21.31 (8.47-36.7), and 54.10 $(19.19-103.0)mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. This result indicated that the heavy metal(loid) levels in all sampled paddy soils are within the permissible limits of the Korean Soil Environment Conservation Act. The mean and range values of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in brown rice were 0.146 (0.04-0.38), 0.024 (0.003-0.141), 4.27 (1.26-16.98), 0.0024 (0.001-0.008), 0.345 (0.04-2.77), 0.113 (0.04-0.197), and 22.64 $(14.1-35.1)mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The mean and range BCF (bioconcentration factor) values of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in brown rice were 0.101 (0.01-0.91), 0.121 (0.01-0.70), 0.399 (0.05-2.60), 0.061 (0.016-0.180), 0.033 (0.004-0.44), 0.005 (0.003-0.013), and 0.473 (0.19-1.07), respectively, with Zn showing the highest. The results show that the levels of all metal(loid)s in all sampled brown rice are generally within the acceptable limit for human consumption.

전탕 전과 후의 중금속, 잔류농약 및 잔류이산화황의 농도변화 - 소화기계 약을 중심으로 - (Concentration of Heavy Metals, Residual Pesticides and Sulfur Dioxide of before/after a Decoction - In Prescription of Digestive System -)

  • 서창섭;황대선;이준경;하혜경;천진미;엄영란;장설;신현규
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.111-119
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : To compare the contents of hazardous substances before/after a decoction. Methods : The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 6 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results : 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Samchulkunbi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.592, Cd; 0.155, As; 0.055 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction - Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; not detected and Hg; 0.001), Yijin-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.830, Cd; 0.077, As; 0.045 and Hg; 0.015, after decoction - Pb; 0.193, Cd; 0.010, As; not detected and Hg; 0.002), Banhabaikchulcheunma-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.976, Cd; 0.164, As; 0.167 and Hg; 0.019, after decoction - Pb; 0.031, Cd; 0.003, As; 0.006 and Hg; 0.005), Pyungwi-san (before decoction - Pb; 2.162, Cd; 0.128, As; 0.061 and Hg; 0.018, after decoction - Pb; 0.080, Cd; 0.006, As; not detected and Hg; 0.005), Leejung-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.480, Cd; 0.294, As; 0.034 and Hg; 0.012, after decoction - Pb; 0.064, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.007 and Hg; 0.002) and Kwibi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.193, As; 0.085 and Hg; 0.020, after decoction - Pb; 0.072, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.002). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Banhabaikchulcheunma-tang, Pyungwi-san, Leejung-tang and Kwibi-tang exhibited 3.5, 3.4, 3.8 and 12.4, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions : These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

$Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{1.9}$ 전해질에서 $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3-\delta}$ 양극의 과전압특성 (Cathodic Polarization of $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3-\delta}$ on $Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{1.9}$ Electrolyte)

  • 윤희성;노의범;김병호
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제35권9호
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    • pp.981-987
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    • 1998
  • $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3-\delta}$ as air electrode for soild oxide fuel cell was synthesized by a citrate process and its cathodic polarization was determinated by the current interruption method on the Gd-doped ceria as electrolyte. The addition of citric acid increased the exothermic heat for the formation of $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3-\delta}$ perovskite oxide. The degree of the initial particle agglomeration was affected by the exothermic heat. Also the increase of cal-cination temperature enlarged the particle size and the higher sintering temperature accelerated the den-sification of $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3-\delta}$ layer after its being painted on $Ce_{0.8}Gd_{0.2}O_{1.9}$ electrolyte. In this study $La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}MnO_{3-\delta}$ synthesized by citrate process of which the molar ratio of citric acid to metal nitrate was 2 calcined at $650^{\circ}C$ for 2hr and sintered at 1100 at $1200^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs after slurry coating on Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 electrlyte showed the lowest cathodic polarization.

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한국 재래닭의 난각질에 관한 연구

  • 상병돈;최철환;김학규;나재천;김상호;장병귀;서옥석;이상진
    • 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.101-102
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    • 2004
  • 한국 재래닭의 각 계통별 세대간 계란의 난각강도, 난각두께 및 난각색은 각각 3.8$\pm$0.2~4.2$\pm$0.1 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 356.4$\pm$4.9~368.8$\pm$6.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ 및 47.0$\pm$1.7~50.0$\pm$3.3%이었고, 회귀방정식에 의한 회귀계수로 표현된 능력변화 추세를 보면 적갈색. 황갈색, 회갈색, 흑색 및 백색 계통의 계란 난각강도는 -0.03, 0.00, 0.03, 0.03 및 0.00 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 난각두께는 -0.84, 0036, 1.05, 3.58 및 4.40 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 난각색은 -0.75, -0.55, -0.88, -0.47 및 -0.36 %이었다.

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한국 재래닭의 유전적 및 표현형적 변화추세의 추정

  • 상병돈;최철환;김학규;나재천;장병귀;김시동;이상진;유동조;상병찬
    • 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.113-114
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    • 2003
  • 세대당 유전적 및 표현형적 변화량의 범위는 적갈색, 황갈색, 회갈색, 흑색 및 백색계통에서 150일령 체중은 -3.66 ∼ -8.99 및 -27.07 ∼ -63.61 g이었고, 270일령 체중은 -2.89 ∼ -9.69 및 7.39 ∼ -27.46 g 이었으며, 시산일령은 -0.31 ∼ -0.57 및 -0.23 ∼ -6.67일이었다. 시산난중은 -0.02 ∼ -0.06 및 0.65 ∼ 0.26 g이었고, 270일령 난중은 0.11 ∼ 0.15 및 0.35 ∼ 0.06 g이었으며, 270일령 산란수는 0.63 ∼ 0.35 및 1.62 ∼ 0.01개였다. 이로써 체중과 시산일령은 낮아지는 추세를 보였으며 270일령 난중과 산란수는 증가하는 추세를 보였다.

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다형질 개체모형을 이용한 한국 재래닭의 주요 경제형질의 유전력

  • 최철환;상병돈;김학규;나재천;장병귀;김시동;유동조;이상진;상병찬
    • 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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    • pp.127-128
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    • 2003
  • 재래닭 5계통의 체중에 대한 유전력 추정치는 150일령에서 0.25∼0.61, 270일령에서 0.32∼0.59의 범위로 대체로 높은 추정치였으며, 150일령보다는 270일령 체중에서 계통별로 비교적 높은 유전력을 보였다. 산란능력에 대한 유전력 추정치는 시산일령에서 0.15∼0.31, 시산난중에서 0.06∼0.09, 270일령 난중에서 0.24∼0.41, 산란수에서는 0.09∼0.26의 범위로서 시산난중에서 매우 낮은 추정치를 보인 반면 시산일령과 산란수에서는 저도 및 중도의 유전력 추정치였으며, 270일령 난중에서는 중도의 유전력 추정치를 보였다.

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자몽종자추출물과 자일리톨이 배합된 껌의 치은염 예방 및 항균효과 (Antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis effect of chewing gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol)

  • 진미성;유윤정;최봉규;이희영;김미정;노회진;박종섭;조규성;김종관;최성호
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.485-497
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    • 2003
  • Grapefruit seed extract has been reported to have antimicrobial effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-gingivitis effect of chewing gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol. 40 healthy subjects with gingivitis or early periodontitis were divided into two groups. Subjects in the experimental group chewed gum containing grapefruit seed extract and xylitol while subjects in the control group chewed gum containing only xylitol. All subjects received scaling and tooth brushing instruction. 1 week after scaling was set as baseline. Gingival index and plaque index were scored at baseline, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week. Bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were scored at baseline, 2 week and 4 week. The number of total bacteria and Streptococcus mutans in unstimulated saliva of experimental group were counted at 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week. Gingival indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 0.850${\pm}$0.298, 0.575${\pm}$0.345, 0.533${\pm}$0.332, 0.459${\pm}$0.311, 0.408${\pm}$0.224 and 0.758${\pm}$0.379, 0.592${\pm}$0.276, 0.563${\pm}$0.281, 0.454${\pm}$0.194, 0.413${\pm}$0.199 (mean${\pm}$SD), respectively. Plaque indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 1 week. 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 0.497${\pm}$0.500, 0.375${\pm}$0.484, 0.332${\pm}$0.471, 0,286${\pm}$0.452, 0.210${\pm}$0.407 and 0.411${\pm}$0.492, 0.375${\pm}$0.484, 0.354${\pm}$0.479, 0.313${\pm}$0.463, 0.193${\pm}$0.395, respectively. Bleeding indices of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 0.377${\pm}$0.177, 0.298${\pm}$0.152, 0.192${\pm}$0.108 and 0.383${\pm}$0.124, 0.318${\pm}$0.153, 0.225${\pm}$0.126, respectively. Probing pocket depth of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 2.56${\pm}$1.00, 2.40${\pm}$0.65, 2.23${\pm}$0.64 and 2.45${\pm}$0.682.37${\pm}$0.57, 2.19${\pm}$0.57, respectively. Clinical attachment level of experimental group and control group at baseline, 2 week and 4 week were 2.58${\pm}$1.01, 2.43${\pm}$0.67, 2.26${\pm}$0.65 and 2.49${\pm}$0.70, 2.40${\pm}$0.59, 2.22${\pm}$0.62, respectively. The % of reduction of total bacteria in saliva of experimental group at 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 46 ${\pm}$ 53%, 53 ${\pm}$ 5% and 69 ${\pm}$ 33%. The % of reduction of Streptococcus mutans count in saliva of experimental group at 2 week, 3 week and 4 week were 52${\pm}$69%, 88${\pm}$30% and 89${\pm}$17%. From these findings, it can be concluded that regular use of grapefruit seed extract /xylitol chewing gum may be effective to control and prevent gingivitis and may have caries-preventive effect.

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry를 이용한 소아들의 골밀도에 대한 연구 (A Study of Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) in Children)

  • 유철우;신손문;박용훈;김선용
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.369-379
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    • 1993
  • Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)를 이용하여 골밀도에 영향을 줄 인자가 없는 소아 80명을 대상으로 제2-4요추에서 골밀도를 측정하여 연령군과 Tanner stage의 변화에 따른 골밀도의 변화를 연구하고 골밀도와 연령, 체중, 신장, 골 연령, 성별, 혈청칼슘, 무기인, 부갑상선호르몬과 Alkaline phosphatase 등과의 상관관계를 알아본 결과, 골밀도는 연령(r=0.696), 체중(r=0.693), 신장(r=0.717), 골연령(r=0.690) 및 Tanner stage(r=0.636) 와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나 (r>0.6) 골대사의 지표인 혈청 칼슘, 무기인, 부갑상선 호르몬 ALP나 성별과는 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 특히 남, 여 그리고 전체 환아 각각의 경우에서 연령, 체중, 신장과 골밀도의 직선적 상관관계(남아 : 연령 y=0.4223+0.0289x, 체중 y=0.3879+0.0087x, 신장 y=0.1362+0.0042x 여아 : 연령 y=0.3731+0.0494x, 체중 y=0.3206+0.014x, 신장 y=0.0782+0.0070x 전체 : 연령 y=0.4113+0.0354x, 체중 y=0.3690+0.0107x, 신장 y=0.0628+0.0051x)가 있었다. 연구대상 소아를 4개의 연령군(1군 : 2개월-1세미만, 2군 : 1세이상-5세이하, 3군 : 6세이상-10세이하, 4군 : 11세 이상-15세이하)으로 나누어 조사한 결과 연령군에 따른 골밀도($g/cm^2$)의 증가는 1군(BMD : $0.335{\pm}0.175$)과 2군(BMD : $0.627{\pm}0.200$) 그리고 3군(BMD : $0.714{\pm}0.1896$)과 4군(BMD : $0.873{\pm}0.163$)에서 유의하게 증가하였으나(P<0.05), 2군과 3군사이에서는 유의한 골밀도의 증가를 관찰할 수 없었으며 남녀간 골밀도의 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 또한 Tanner stage의 발달에 따라서는 골밀도($g/cm^2$)는 Tanner stage 1에서는 $0.547{\pm}0.234$, Tanner stage 2에서는 $0.783{\pm}0.136$, Tanner stage 3에서는 $0.998{\pm}0.080$으로서 모든 단계에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에 의하면 DEXA로 측정한 골밀도는 연령, 체중과 신장 등의 증가와 유의한 상관관계가 있고 이들은 성장 속도가 빠른 연령에서 유의하게 증가하였으며 특히 성적 성숙도의 발달에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다.

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건강상태(健康狀態)와 생활양식(生活樣式)(건강습관(健康習慣))과의 관계(關係) (Relationship between Physical Health Status and Life style(Health Practices))

  • 최인숙;노병의;박영수
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제3권
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    • pp.111-140
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted from April 1 through April 30, 2002 in order to figure out the relationship between physical health status and life style and the factors influencing physical health. Subjects were selected from among the residents older than 20 years old by probability scheme of one out of 2000. Three thousand people were interviewed by questionnaires, and 2,742(91.4%) respondents were used for analysis, and the results are as follows: 1. Ridit(Relatives to an identified distribution it) of category one by sex was 0.26 in man, and 0.25 in woman. Ridit of category two was 0.57 in man and 0.53 in woman, those of category three was 0.72 in man and 0.65 in woman. That of category four was 0.86 in man and 0.85 in woman, that of category five was 0.95 in man and 0.97 in woman, and that of category six was 0.98 in man and 0.99 in woman. The ridits and health related categories by sex were r=.954 in man and r=.966 in woman(p<0.01) 2. Ridits of healthy behavior 2-1. The ridit of males who slept for less than 6 hrs was 0.71, that of those who slept for $7{\sim}8$ hrs was 0.24, and that of those who slept for more than 9 hours was 0.96. The ridit of females who slept for less than 6 was 0.80, that of those who slept for $7{\sim}8$ hrs was 0.32, and that of those who slept for more than 9 hrs was 0.97. 2-2. The ridit of male, who ate breakfast everyday was 0.30, that of those who ate one to four breakfast per week was 0.87, and that of those who never ate breakfasts was 0.96. The ridit of females who ate breakfast everyday was 0.32, that of those who ate breakfast one to four times a week was 0.75, and that of those who never ate breakfast was 0.99. 2-3. The ridit of males whose body weights were 10% lower than normal body weight was 0.45, that of those with $5{\sim}9.9%$ less than normal body weight was 0.28, that of those with ${\pm}4.9%$ of normal body weight was 0.12, that of those whose body weights were $5{\sim}9.9%$ heavier than normal was 0.40, that of those whose body weights were $10{\sim}19.9%$ heavier than normal was 0.74, that of those with $20{\sim}29.9%$ heavier than normal body weights was 0.78 and that of those with 30% heavier than normal body weight was 0.87. That of females with 10% less than normal body weight was 0.53, that of those with $5{\sim}99%$ less than normal body weight was 0.32, that of 4.9% those with ${\pm}f$ normal body weight was 0.14, that of those with 5.0 to 9.9% heavier body weights was 0.43, that of those with 10 to 19.9% heavier body weight was 0.65, that of those with $20{\sim}29.9%$ heavier body weight was 0.94 and that of those with more than 30% of normal body weight was 0.94. 2-4. The ridit of males who exercised everyday was 0.11, that of those who exercised three to four times a week was 0.25, that of those exercising once or twice a week was 0.48, and that of those who never exercised was 0.80. The ridit of females exercising everyday was 0.08, that of those exercising three to four times a week was 0.21, that of those exercising one to two times was 0.35 and that of those who never exercised was 0.72. 2-5. The ridit of males who did not drink at all was 0.14, that of those who drank one or two cups of hard liquor(Soju) was 0.39, that of those who drank a half bottle of Soju was 0.56, that of those who darnk a bottle of Soju was 0.73 and that of those who drank two bottles of Soju was 0.96. The ridit of females who did not drink at all was 0.30, that of those who drank one or two cups of Soju was 0.70, that of those who drank a half bottle of Soju was 0.84, that of those who drank a bottle of Soju was 0.97 and that of those who drank more than two bottles of Soju was 0.99. 2-6 The ridit of males who did not smoke was 0.20, that of those who smoked one or two cigarettes was 0.44, that of those who smoked about ten cigarettes was 0.58, and that of those who smoked more than a pack of cigarettes was 0.85. The ridit of females who did not smoke at all was 0.90, that of those who smokes one or two cigarettes was 0.91, that of those who smoked about the cigarettes was 0.93 and that of those who smoked more than a pack of cigarettes was 0.96 3. The ridit of males who had healthy behavior in six categories was 0.43 and the average age of them was 45, that of those who had healthy behavior in five categories was 0.47 and the average age was 45, that of those who had healthy behavior in three categories was 0.50 and the average age was 43, that of those who had heathy behavior in two categories was 0.60 and the average age was 40, that of those who had healthy behavior in one category was 0.68 and the average age was 38, and that of those who did not have healthy behavior at all in six categories was 0.79 and the average age was 41. The ridit of females who had heathy behavior in six categories was 0.38 and the average age was 45, that of those who had healthy behavior in five categories was 0.40 and the average age was 44, that of those who had healthy behavior in four categories was 0.46 and the average age was 43, that of those who had healthy behavior in three categories was 0.52 and the average age was 44, that of those who had healthy behavior in two categories was 0.57 and the average age was 41, that of those who the healthy behavior in one category was 0.62 and the average age was 40, and that those who did not have healthy behavior in six categories was 0.79 and the average age was 43. 4. The health statues of the persons who the healthy behavior were better than those who did not have healthy behavior. If the people have healthy behavior in young age and they have healthy education continuously, they can live healthier lives.

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